Q&A Hero

Q: Granville Co. recently purchased several shares of Kalvaria Electronics preferred stock. The preferred stock has a before-tax yield of 6.10%. If the companys tax rate is 25%, what is Granville Co.s after-tax yield on the preferred stock? Assume a 50% dividend exclusion for tax on dividends. (Round your final answer to two decimal places.) a. 4.96% b. 5.34% c. 6.19% d. 4.80% e. 5.66%

Q: Van Dyke Corporation has a corporate tax rate equal to 25%. The company recently purchased preferred stock in another company. The preferred stock has an 8% before-tax yield. What is Van Dykes after-tax yield on the preferred stock? Assume a 50% dividend exclusion for tax on dividends. (Round your final answer to two decimal places.) a. 6.51% b. 8.12% c. 7.56% d. 7.00% e. 5.46%

Q: A company with a 25% tax rate buys preferred stock in another company. The preferred stock has a before-tax yield of 6.00%. Assume a 50% dividend exclusion for tax on dividends. What is the preferred stocks after-tax return? (Round your final answer to two decimal places.) a. 4.52% b. 4.36% c. 5.25% d. 4.31% e. 5.85%

Q: Lovell Co. purchased preferred stock in another company. The preferred stocks before-tax yield was 5.60%. The corporate tax rate is 25%. What is the after-tax return on the preferred stock, assuming a 50% dividend exclusion? (Round your final answer to two decimal places.) a. 4.90% b. 5.59% c. 6.03% d. 4.31% e. 4.80%

Q: Your corporation has a marginal tax rate of 25% and has purchased preferred stock in another company. The before-tax dividend yield on the preferred stock is 7.25%. What is the company's after-tax return on the preferred, assuming a 50% dividend exclusion? (Round your final answer to two decimal places.) a. 6.85% b. 6.34% c. 7.93% d. 6.60% e. 4.82%

Q: Kwok Enterprises has the following income statement. How much after-tax operating income does the firm have? Sales $2,850 Costs 1,400 Depreciation 250 EBIT $1,200 Interest expense 70 EBT $1,130 Taxes (25%) 283 Net income $848 ​ a. $720 b. $742 c. $684 d. $619 e. $626

Q: C. F. Lee Inc. has the following income statement. How much after-tax operating income does the firm have? Sales $3,400.00 Costs 1,850.00 Depreciation 192.00 EBIT $1,358.00 Interest expense 285.00 EBT $1,073.00 Taxes (25%) 268.25 Net income $804.75 ​ a. $714.99 b. $1,103.38 c. $829.74 d. $882.70 e. $891.53

Q: During 2019, Bascom Bakery paid out $33,525 of common dividends. It ended the year with $215,000 of retained earnings versus the prior years retained earnings of $159,600. How much net income did the firm earn during the year? a. $80,033 b. $84,479 c. $77,365 d. $88,925 e. $72,919

Q: On 12/31/19, Hite Industries reported retained earnings of $537,500 on its balance sheet, and it reported that it had $135,000 of net income during the year. On its previous balance sheet, at 12/31/18, the company had reported $445,000 of retained earnings. No shares were repurchased during 2019. How much in dividends did the firm pay during 2019? a. $46,750 b. $44,625 c. $53,125 d. $48,450 e. $42,500

Q: Last year Almazan Software reported $10.500 million of sales, $6.250 million of operating costs other than depreciation, and $1.300 million of depreciation. The company had $5.000 million of bonds that carry a 6.5% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 25%. This year's data are expected to remain unchanged except for one item, depreciation, which is expected to increase by $.670 million. By how much will net income change as a result of the change in depreciation? The company uses the same depreciation calculations for tax and stockholder reporting purposes. (Round your final answer to 3 decimal places.) a. -$0.388 b. -$0.444 c. -$0.479 d. -$0.436 e. -$0.503

Q: Emery Mining Inc. recently reported $147,500 of sales, $75,500 of operating costs other than depreciation, and $10,200 of depreciation. The company had $16,500 of outstanding bonds that carry a 7.25% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 25%. How much was the firm's net income? The firm uses the same depreciation expense for tax and stockholder reporting purposes. (Round your intermediate and final answers to two decimal places.) a. $38,604.59 b. $36,634.97 c. $35,847.12 d. $47,664.85 e. $45,452.81

Q: Brown Office Supplies recently reported $15,500 of sales, $8,250 of operating costs other than depreciation, and $1,750 of depreciation. It had $9,000 of bonds outstanding that carry a 7.0% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 25%. How much was the firm's earnings before taxes (EBT)? a. $3,799 b. $5,211 c. $4,870 d. $5,649 e. $5,065

Q: Rao Construction recently reported $30.00 million of sales, $12.60 million of operating costs other than depreciation, and $3.00 million of depreciation. It had $8.50 million of bonds outstanding that carry a 7.0% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 25%. What was Rao's operating income, or EBIT, in millions? a. $11.09 b. $16.70 c. $14.54 d. $14.40 e. $16.56

Q: Brown Fashions Inc.'s December 31, 2018 balance sheet showed total common equity of $4,050,000 and 165,000 shares of stock outstanding. During 2019, the firm had $450,000 of net income, and it paid out $100,000 as dividends. What was the book value per share at 12/31/19, assuming no common stock was either issued or retired during 2019? (Round your final answer to two decimal places.) a. $32.80 b. $20.00 c. $22.93 d. $23.47 e. $26.67

Q: Bauer Software's current balance sheet shows total common equity of $5,125,000. The company has 300,000 shares of stock outstanding, and they sell at a price of $27.50 per share. By how much do the firm's market and book values per share differ? (Round your intermediate and final answer to two decimal places.) a. $13.02 b. $12.71 c. $12.92 d. $10.42 e. $9.38

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The current cash flow from existing assets is highly relevant to investors. However, since the value of the firm depends primarily upon its growth opportunities, accounting net income projections from those opportunities are the only relevant future flows with which investors are concerned. b. Two metrics that are used to measure a company's financial performance are net income and free cash flow. Accountants tend to emphasize net income as calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Finance people generally put at least as much weight on free cash flows as they do on net income. c. To estimate the net cash provided by operations, depreciation must be subtracted from net income because depreciation is a non-cash charge that has been added to revenue. d. Interest paid by a corporation is a tax deduction for the paying corporation, but dividends paid are not deductible. This treatment, other things held constant, tends to discourage the use of debt financing by corporations. e. If Congress changed depreciation allowances so that companies had to report higher depreciation levels for tax purposes in 2019, companies would have lower free cash flows in 2019.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Free cash flow (FCF) is, essentially, the cash flow that is available for interest and dividends after the company has made the investments in current and fixed assets that are necessary to sustain ongoing operations. b. After-tax operating income is calculated as EBIT(1 - T) + Depreciation. c. Two firms with identical sales and operating costs but with different amounts of debt and tax rates will have different operating incomes by definition. d. If a firm is reporting its income in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, then its net income as reported on the income statement should be equal to its free cash flow. e. Retained earnings as reported on the balance sheet represent cash and are therefore available to distribute to stockholders as dividends or any other required cash payments to creditors and suppliers.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. An increase in accounts receivable is added to net income in the operating activities section because if accounts receivable increase, then when they are collected cash will come into the firm. b. In finance, we are generally more interested in cash flows than in accounting profits. Free cash flow (FCF) is calculated as after-tax operating income plus depreciation less the sum of capital expenditures and the change in net operating working capital. Free cash flow is the amount of cash that could be withdrawn without harming the firm's ability to operate and to produce future cash flows. c. The first major section of a typical statement of cash flows is "Operating Activities," and the first entry in this section is "Net Income." Then, also in the first section, we show some items that add to or subtract from cash, and the last entry is called "Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities." This number can be either positive or negative, but if it is negative, the firm is almost certain to soon go bankrupt. d. The next-to-last line on the income statement shows the firm's earnings, while the last line shows the dividends the company paid. Therefore, the dividends are frequently called "the bottom line." e. Most rapidly growing companies have positive free cash flows because cash flows from existing operations will exceed fixed assets and working capital needed to support the growth.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Assume that two firms are both following generally accepted accounting principles. Both firms commenced operations two years ago with $1 million of identical fixed assets, and neither firm either sold any of those assets or purchased any new fixed assets. The two firms would be required to report the same amount of net fixed assets on their balance sheets as those statements are presented to investors. b. Assets other than cash are expected to produce cash over time, and the amount of cash they eventually produce must be the same as the amounts at which the assets are carried on the books. c. The income statement shows the difference between a firm's income and its costsi.e., its profitsduring a specified period of time. However, all reported income comes in the form of cash, and reported costs likewise are consistent with cash outlays. Therefore, there will not be a substantial difference between a firm's reported profits and its actual cash flow for the same period. d. The primary reason the annual report is important in finance is that it is used by investors when they form expectations about the firm's future earnings and dividends and the riskiness of those cash flows. e. EPS stands for "earnings per share," while DPS stands for "dividends per share." We would normally expect to see DPS exceed EPS.

Q: The CFO of Daves Industries plans to have the company issue $300 million of new common stock and use the proceeds to pay off some of the company's outstanding bonds that carry a 7% interest rate. Assume that the company, which does not pay any dividends, takes this action, and that total assets, operating income (EBIT), and tax rate all remain constant. Which of the following would occur? a. The companys taxable income would fall. b. The companys interest expense would remain constant. c. The company would have less common equity than before. d. The companys net income would increase. e. The company would have to pay less taxes.

Q: Last year Besset Companys operations provided a negative cash flow, yet the cash shown on its balance sheet increased. Which of the following statements could explain the increase in cash, assuming the companys financial statements were prepared under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)? a. The company repurchased some of its common stock. b. The company dramatically increased its capital expenditures. c. The company retired a large amount of its long-term debt. d. The company sold some of its fixed assets. e. The company had high depreciation expenses.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Since depreciation increases the firm's net cash provided by operating activities, the more depreciation a company has, the larger its retained earnings will be, other things held constant. b. A firm can show a large amount of retained earnings on its balance sheet yet need to borrow cash to make required payments. c. Common equity includes common stock and retained earnings, less accumulated depreciation. d. The retained earnings account as reported on the balance sheet shows the amount of cash that is available for paying dividends. e. If a firm reports a loss on its income statement, then the retained earnings account as shown on the balance sheet will be negative.

Q: For managerial purposes, i.e., making decisions regarding the firm's operations, the standard financial statements as prepared by accountants under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are often modified and used to create alternative data and metrics that provide a somewhat different picture of a firm's operations. Related to these modifications, which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The standard statements make adjustments to reflect the effects of inflation on asset values, and these adjustments are normally carried into any adjustment that managers make to the standard statements. b. The standard statements focus on accounting income for the entire corporation, not cash flows, and the two can be quite different during any given accounting period. However, the firm's value is based on its future cash flows because future cash flows indicate how much the firm can distribute to its investors. c. The standard statements provide useful information on the firms individual operating units, but management needs more information on the firms overall operations than the standard statements provide. d. The standard statements focus on cash flows, but managers should be less concerned with cash flows than with accounting income as defined by GAAP. e. The best feature of standard statements is that, if they are prepared under GAAP, the data are always consistent from firm to firm. Thus, under GAAP, there is no room for accountants to adjust the results to make earnings look better.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Dividends paid reduce the net income that is reported on a companys income statement. b. If a company uses some of its bank deposits to buy short-term, highly liquid marketable securities, its current assets as shown on the balance sheet will decline. c. If a company issues new long-term bonds to purchase fixed assets during the current year, its reported current assets and current liabilities at the end of the year will increase. d. Accounts receivable are reported as a current liability on the balance sheet. e. If a company pays more in dividends than it generates in net income, its retained earnings as reported on the balance sheet will decline from the previous year's balance.

Q: A start-up firm is making an initial investment in a new plant and equipment. Assume that currently its equipment must be depreciated on a straight-line basis over 10 years, but Congress is considering legislation that would require the firm to depreciate the equipment over 7 years. If the legislation becomes law, which of the following would occur in the year following the change? a. The firms operating income (EBIT) would increase. b. The firms taxable income would increase. c. The firms cash flow would increase. d. The firms tax payments would increase. e. The firms reported net income would increase.

Q: Assume that Besley Golf Equipment commenced operations on January 1, 2019 and was granted permission to use the same depreciation calculations for shareholder reporting and income tax purposes. The company planned to depreciate its fixed assets over 15 years, but in December 2019 management realized that the assets would last for only 10 years. The firm's accountants plan to report the 2019 financial statements based on this new information. How would the new depreciation assumption affect the companys financial statements? a. The firms reported net fixed assets would increase. b. The firms EBIT would increase. c. The firms reported 2019 earnings per share would increase. d. The firms cash position in 2019 and 2020 would increase. e. The provision will increase the company's tax payments.

Q: The Nantell Corporation just purchased an expensive piece of equipment. Assume that the firm planned to depreciate the equipment over 5 years on a straight-line basis, but Congress then passed a provision that requires the company to depreciate the equipment on a straight-line basis over 7 years. Other things held constant, which of the following will occur as a result of this Congressional action? Assume that the company uses the same depreciation method for tax and stockholder reporting purposes. a. Nantells taxable income will be lower. b. Nantells operating income (EBIT) will increase. c. Nantells cash position will improve (increase). d. Nantells reported net income for the year will be lower. e. Nantells tax liability for the year will be lower.

Q: Assume that Congress recently passed a provision that will enable Bev's Beverages Inc. (BBI) to double its depreciation expense for the upcoming year but will have no effect on its sales revenue or the tax rate. Prior to the new provision, BBIs net income was forecasted to be $4 million. Which of the following best describes the impact of the new provision on BBIs financial statements versus the statements without the provision? Assume that the company uses the same depreciation method for tax and stockholder reporting purposes. a. The provision will reduce the companys cash flow. b. The provision will increase the companys tax payments. c. The provision will increase the firm's operating income (EBIT). d. The provision will increase the companys net income. e. Net fixed assets on the balance sheet will decrease.

Q: Which of the following would be most likely to occur in the year after Congress, in an effort to increase tax revenue, passed legislation that forced companies to depreciate equipment over longer lives? Assume that sales, other operating costs, and tax rates were not affected, and assume that the same depreciation method was used for tax and stockholder reporting purposes. a. Companies after-tax operating profits would decline. b. Companies physical stocks of fixed assets would increase. c. Companies cash flows would increase. d. Companies cash positions would decline. e. Companies reported net incomes would decline.

Q: Last year, Delip Industries had (1) negative cash flow from operations, (2) a negative free cash flow, and (3) an increase in cash as reported on its balance sheet. Which of the following factors could explain this situation? a. The company had a sharp increase in its inventories. b. The company had a sharp increase in its accrued liabilities. c. The company sold a new issue of common stock. d. The company made a large capital investment early in the year. e. The company had a sharp increase in depreciation expenses.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Retained earnings, as reported on the balance sheet, represent the amount of cash a company has available to pay out as dividends to shareholders. b. 50% of the interest received by corporations is excluded from taxable income. c. 50% of the dividends received by corporations is excluded from taxable income. d. Because taxes on long-term capital gains are not paid until the gain is realized, investors must pay the top individual tax rate on that gain. e. The corporate tax system favors equity financing, as dividends paid are deductible from corporate taxes.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The income of certain small corporations that qualify under the Tax Code is completely exempt from corporate income taxes. Thus, the federal government receives no tax revenue from these businesses, even though they report high accounting profits. b. All businesses, regardless of their legal form of organization, are taxed under the Business Tax Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. c. Small corporations that qualify under the Tax Code can elect not to pay corporate taxes, but then each stockholder must report his or her pro rata shares of the firms income as personal income and pay taxes on that income. d. Congress recently changed the tax laws to make dividend income received by individuals exempt from income taxes. Prior to the enactment of that law, corporate income was subject to double taxation, whereby the firm was taxed on the corporation's income and stockholders were taxed again on this income when it was paid to them as dividends. e. All corporations other than non-profits are subject to corporate income taxes, which are 15% for the lowest amounts of income and 38% for the highest income amounts.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Since companies can deduct dividends paid but not interest paid, our tax system favors the use of equity financing over debt financing, and this causes companies debt ratios to be lower than they would be if interest and dividends were both deductible. b. Interest paid to an individual is counted as income for federal tax purposes and taxed at the individuals regular tax rate, which in 2018 could go up to 37%, but qualified dividends received are taxed at a maximum rate of 15% for most individuals. c. The maximum federal tax rate on corporate income in 2018 was 50%. d. Corporations obtain capital for use in their operations by borrowing and by raising equity capital, either by selling new common stock or by retaining earnings. The cost of debt capital is the interest paid on the debt, and the cost of the equity is the dividends paid on the stock. Both of these costs are deductible from income when calculating income for tax purposes. e. The maximum federal tax rate on personal income in 2018 was 50%.

Q: A loss incurred by a corporation a. must be carried back 2 years before being carried forward for 5 years. b. can be carried forward indefintely. c. can be carried back 5 years and forward 3 years. d. cannot be used to reduce taxes in other years except with special permission from the IRS. e. can be carried back 3 years or forward 10 years, whichever is more advantageous to the firm.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Corporations are allowed to exclude 50% of their interest income from corporate taxes. b. Corporations are allowed to exclude 50% of their dividend income from corporate taxes. c. Individuals pay taxes on only 30% of the income realized from municipal bonds. d. Individuals are allowed to exclude 50% of their interest income from their taxes. e. Individuals are allowed to exclude 50% of their dividend income from their taxes.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. MVA stands for "market value added" and is defined as follows: MVA = (Shares outstanding)(Stock price) + Book value of common equity. b. The primary difference between EVA and accounting net income is that when net income is calculated, a deduction is made to account for the cost of common equity, whereas EVA represents net income before deducting the cost of the equity capital the firm uses. c. MVA gives us an idea about how much value a firms management has added during the last year. d. EVA gives us an idea about how much value a firms management has added over the firms life. e. EVA stands for "economic value added" and is defined as follows: EVA = NOPAT (Total invested capital)(AT cost of capital %)

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Actions that increase reported net income will always increase cash flow. b. One way to increase EVA is to generate the same level of operating income but with less total invested capital. c. One drawback of EVA as a performance measure is that it mistakenly assumes that equity capital is free. d. One way to increase EVA is to achieve the same level of operating income but with more total invested capital obtained at a higher cost of capital. e. If a firm reports positive net income, its EVA must also be positive.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Most rapidly growing companies have positive free cash flows because cash flows from existing operations generally exceed fixed asset purchases and changes to net operating working capital. b. Changes in working capital have no effect on free cash flow. c. Free cash flow (FCF) is defined as follows: FCF = EBIT(1 - T) + Depreciation - Capital expenditures required to sustain operations - Required changes in net operating working capital. d. Free cash flow (FCF) is defined as follows: FCF = EBIT(1 - T) + Capital expenditures. e. Managers should be less concerned with free cash flow than with accounting net income. Accounting net income is the "bottom line" and represents how much the firm can distribute to all its investorsboth creditors and stockholders.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. In the statement of cash flows, a decrease in accounts receivable is subtracted from net income in the operating activities section. b. Dividends do not show up in the statement of cash flows because dividends are considered to be a financing activity, not an operating activity. c. In the statement of cash flows, a decrease in accounts payable is subtracted from net income in the operating activities section. d. In the statement of cash flows, depreciation is subtracted from net income in the operating activities section. e. In the statement of cash flows, a decrease in inventories is subtracted from net income in the operating activities section.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The statement of cash flows reflects cash flows from operations, but it does not reflect the effects of buying or selling fixed assets. b. The statement of cash flows shows where the firms cash is located; indeed, it provides a listing of all banks and brokerage houses where cash is on deposit. c. The statement of cash flows reflects cash flows from continuing operations, but it does not reflect the effects of changes in working capital. d. The statement of cash flows reflects cash flows from operations and from borrowings, but it does not reflect cash obtained by selling new common stock. e. The statement of cash flows shows how much the firms cash--the total of currency, bank deposits, and short-term liquid securities (or cash equivalents)--increased or decreased during a given year.

Q: Austin Financial recently announced that its net income increased sharply from the previous year, yet its net cash provided from operations declined. Which of the following could explain this performance? a. The companys dividend payment to common stockholders declined. b. The companys expenditures on fixed assets declined. c. The companys cost of goods sold increased. d. The companys depreciation expense declined. e. The companys interest expense increased.

Q: ​Analysts who follow Howe Industries recently noted that, relative to the previous year, the company's net cash provided from operations increased, yet cash as reported on the balance sheet decreased. Which of the following factors could explain this situation? a. ​The company cut its dividend. b. ​The company made large investments in fixed assets. c. ​The company sold a division and received cash in return. d. ​The company issued new common stock. e. ​The company issued new long-term debt.

Q: Which of the following factors would explain how a company's cash balance could have increased even though the company had a negative cash flow last year? a. The company sold a new issue of bonds. b. The company made a large investment in a new plant and equipment. c. The company paid a large dividend. d. The company had high depreciation expenses. e. The company repurchased 20% of its common stock.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The more depreciation a firm reports, the higher its tax bill, other things held constant. b. Because a firms cash flow is shown as the lowest entry on the income statement, people often call it "the bottom line. c. Depreciation reduces a firms cash balance, so an increase in depreciation would normally lead to a reduction in the firms cash flow. d. Operating income is derived from the firm's regular core business. Operating income is calculated as Revenues less Operating costs. Operating costs do not include interest or taxes. e. Depreciation is not a cash charge, so it does not have an effect on a firms reported profits.

Q: On its 12/31/19 balance sheet, Barnes Inc showed $510 million of retained earnings, and exactly that same amount was shown the previous year. Assuming that no earnings restatements were issued, which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. If the company lost money in 2019, it must have paid dividends. b. The company must have had zero net income in 2019. c. The company must have paid out half of its 2019 earnings as dividends. d. The company must have paid no dividends in 2019. e. Dividends could have been paid in 2019, but they would have had to equal the earnings for the year.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Typically, a firms DPS should exceed its EPS. b. Typically, a firms net income should exceed its EBIT. c. If a firm is more profitable than average, we would normally expect to see its stock price exceed its book value per share. d. If a firm is more profitable than most other firms, we would normally expect to see its book value per share exceed its stock price, especially after several years of high inflation. e. The more depreciation a firm has in a given year, the higher its EPS, other things held constant.

Q: Below is the common equity section (in millions) of Timeless Technologys last two year-end balance sheets: 2019 2018 Common stock 2,000 1,000 Retained earnings 2,000 2,340 Total common equity $4,000 $3,340 ​ The firm has never paid a dividend to its common stockholders. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The companys net income in 2019 was higher than in 2018. b. The firm issued common stock in 2019. c. The market price of the firm's stock doubled in 2019. d. The firm had positive net income in both 2018 and 2019, but its net income in 2019 was lower than it was in 2018. e. The company has more equity than debt on its balance sheet.

Q: Below are the 2018 and 2019 year-end balance sheets for Tran Enterprises: Assets: 2019 2018 Cash $ 200,000 $ 170,000 Accounts receivable 864,000 700,000 Inventories 2,000,000 1,400,000 Total current assets $3,064,000 $2,270,000 Net fixed assets 6,000,000 5,600,000 Total assets $9,064,000 $7,870,000 Liabilities and equity: Accounts payable $1,400,000 $1,090,000 Notes payable to bank 1,600,000 1,800,000 Total current liabilities $3,000,000 $2,890,000 Long-term debt 2,400,000 2,400,000 Common stock 3,000,000 2,000,000 Retained earnings 664,000 580,000 Total common equity $3,664,000 $2,580,000 Total liabilities and equity $9,064,000 $7,870,000 The firm has never paid a dividend on its common stock, and it issued $2,400,000 of 10-year, non-callable, long-term debt in 2018. As of the end of 2019, none of the principal on this debt had been repaid. Assume that the companys sales in 2018 and 2019 were the same. Which of the following statements must be CORRECT? a. The firm increased its short-term bank debt in 2019. b. The firm issued long-term debt in 2019. c. The firm issued new common stock in 2019. d. The firm repurchased some common stock in 2019. e. The firm had negative net income in 2018.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The focal point of the income statement is the cash account because that account cannot be manipulated by accounting tricks. b. The reported income of two otherwise identical firms cannot be manipulated by different accounting procedures provided the firms follow generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). c. The reported income of two otherwise identical firms must be identical if the firms are publicly owned, provided they follow procedures that are permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). d. If a firm follows generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), then its reported net income will be identical to its reported cash flow. e. The income statement for a given year is designed to give us an idea of how much the firm earned during that year.

Q: Which of the following items cannot be found on a firms balance sheet under current liabilities? a. Accounts payable. b. Short-term notes payable to the bank. c. Accrued wages. d. Cost of goods sold. e. Accrued payroll taxes.

Q: Which of the following items is NOT normally considered a current asset? a. Accounts receivable. b. Inventory. c. Bonds. d. Cash. e. Short-term, highly-liquid, marketable securities.

Q: Other things held constant, which of the following actions would increase the amount of cash on a company's balance sheet? a. The company repurchases common stock. b. The company pays a dividend. c. The company issues new common stock. d. The company gives customers more time to pay their bills. e. The company purchases a new piece of equipment.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The balance sheet for a given year is designed to give us an idea of what happened to the firm during that year. b. The balance sheet for a given year tells us how much money the company earned during that year. c. The difference between the total assets reported on the balance sheet and the liabilities reported on this statement tells us the current market value of the stockholders' equity, assuming the statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). d. If a company's statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the market value of the stock equals the book value of the stock as reported on the balance sheet. e. The assets section of a typical companys balance sheet begins with cash, then lists the assets in the order in which they will probably be converted to cash, with the longest-lived assets listed last.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Assets other than cash are expected to produce cash over time, and the amounts of cash they eventually produce should be exactly the same as the amounts at which the assets are carried on the books. b. The primary reason the annual report is important in finance is that it is used by investors when they form expectations about the firm's future earnings and dividends and the riskiness of those cash flows. c. The annual report is an internal document prepared by a firm's managers solely for the use of its creditors/lenders. d. The four most important financial statements provided in the annual report are the balance sheet, income statement, cash budget, and the statement of stockholders' equity. e. Prior to the Enron scandal in the early 2000s, companies would put verbal information in their annual reports along with the financial statements. That verbal information was often misleading, so today annual reports can contain only quantitative informationaudited financial statements.

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The four most important financial statements provided in the annual report are the balance sheet, income statement, cash budget, and the statement of stockholders' equity. b. The balance sheet gives us a picture of the firms financial position at a point in time. c. The income statement gives us a picture of the firms financial position at a point in time. d. The statement of cash flows tells us how much cash the firm must pay out in interest during the year. e. The statement of cash flows tells us how much cash the firm will require during some future period, generally a month or a year.

Q: The time dimension is important in financial statement analysis. The balance sheet shows the firm's financial position at a given point in time, the income statement shows results over a period of time, and the statement of cash flows reflects specific changes in accounts over that period of time. a. True b. False

Q: The alternative minimum tax (AMT) was created by Congress to make it more difficult for wealthy individuals to avoid paying taxes through the use of various deductions. a. True b. False

Q: Because the U.S. tax system is a progressive tax system, a taxpayer's marginal and average tax rates are the same. a. True b. False

Q: Interest paid by a corporation is a tax deduction for the paying corporation, but dividends paid are not deductible. This treatment, other things held constant, tends to encourage the use of debt financing by corporations. a. True b. False

Q: If the tax laws were changed so that $0.50 out of every $1.00 of interest paid by a corporation was allowed as a tax-deductible expense, companies would be encouraged to use more debt financing than they presently do, other things held constant. a. True b. False

Q: Free cash flow is the amount of cash that, if withdrawn, would harm the firm's ability to operate and to produce future cash flows. a. True b. False

Q: In finance, we are generally more interested in cash flows than in accounting profits. Free cash flow (FCF) is calculated as after-tax operating income plus depreciation less the sum of capital expenditures and changes in net operating working capital.​ a. True b. False

Q: The retained earnings account on the balance sheet does not represent cash. Rather, it represents part of the stockholders' claim against the firm's existing assets. Put another way, retained earnings are stockholders' reinvested earnings. a. True b. False

Q: ​Its retained earnings is the actual cash that the firm has generated through operations less the cash that has been paid out to stockholders as dividends. If the firm has sufficient retained earnings, it can purchase assets and pay for them with cash from retained earnings. a. True b. False

Q: Two metrics that are used to measure a company's financial performance are net income and cash flow. Accountants emphasize net income as calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Finance people generally put at least as much weight on cash flows as they do on net income. a. True b. False

Q: To estimate the cash flow from operations, depreciation must be added back to net income because depreciation is a non-cash charge that has been deducted from revenue in the net income calculation. a. True b. False

Q: The first major section of a typical statement of cash flows is "Operating Activities," and the first entry in this section is "Net Income." Then, also in the first section, we show some items that represent increases or decreases to cash, and the last entry is called "Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities." This number can be either positive or negative, but if it is negative, the firm is almost certain to soon go bankrupt. a. True b. False

Q: An increase in accounts receivable represents an increase in net cash provided by operating activities because receivables will produce cash when they are collected. a. True b. False

Q: An increase in accounts payable represents an increase in net cash provided by operating activities, an effect similar to taking out a new bank loan. However, these two items show up in different sections of the statement of cash flows to reflect the difference between operating and financing activities. a. True b. False

Q: The statement of cash flows has four main sections, one each for operating, investing, and financing activities, and one that shows a summary of the cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year. a. True b. False

Q: The next-to-last line on the income statement shows the firm's earnings, while the last line shows the dividends the company paid. Therefore, the dividends are frequently called "the bottom line." a. True b. False

Q: Net operating working capital is equal to current assets less excess cash minus the difference between current liabilities and notes payable. a. True b. False

Q: ​Assume that two firms are both following generally accepted accounting principles. Both firms commenced operations two years ago with $1 million of identical fixed assets, and neither firm sold any of those assets or purchased any new fixed assets. The two firms would be required to report the same amount of net fixed assets on their balance sheets as those statements are presented to investors. a. True b. False

Q: The balance sheet measures the flow of funds into and out of various accounts over time, while the income statement measures the firm's financial position at a point in time. a. True b. False

Q: Both interest and dividends paid by a corporation are deductible operating expenses, hence they decrease the firm's taxes. a. True b. False

Q: The fact that interest income received by corporations is excluded from its taxable income encourages firms to finance with more debt than they would in the absence of this tax law provision. a. True b. False

Q: If a firm is reporting its income in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, then its net income as reported on the income statement should be equal to its free cash flow. a. True b. False

Q: The value of any asset is the present value of the cash flows the asset is expected to provide. The cash flows a business is able to provide to its investors is its free cash flow. This is the reason that FCF is so important in finance. a. True b. False

Q: Free cash flow (FCF) is, essentially, the cash flow that is available for interest and dividends after the company has made the investments in current and fixed assets that are necessary to sustain ongoing operations. a. True b. False

Q: Typically, the statement of stockholders' equity starts with total stockholders' equity at the beginning of the year, adds net income, subtracts dividends paid, and ends with total stockholders' equity at the end of the year. Over time, a profitable company will have earnings in excess of the dividends it pays out, resulting in a substantial amount of retained earnings shown on the balance sheet. a. True b. False