Q&A Hero

Q: In the chemiosmotic model, protons circulate through a protein complex called A) Cyt c. B) FMN. C) Complex III. D) CoQ. E) ATP synthase.

Q: Cyanide ion and carbon monoxide inhibit A) cytochrome c oxidase. B) ATP production. C) antibiotic activity. D) CoQ formation. E) CoA formation.

Q: Under anaerobic conditions, there is a net production of ________ ATP during glycolysis. A) zero B) two C) four D) six E) eight

Q: Which of the following metabolic pathways can occur in the absence of oxygen?A) electron transportB) oxidative phosphorylationC) citric acid cycleD) glycolysisE) -oxidation

Q: The process which requires oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water is called A) fermentation. B) reduction. C) decomposition. D) oxidation. E) respiration.

Q: One method of regulation of the citric acid cycle is A) allosteric control. B) osmosis. C) temperature control. D) carbon dioxide production. E) water concentration.

Q: The last step in the citric acid cycle converts malate to A) citrate. B) isocitrate. C) succinate. D) fumarate. E) oxaloacetate.

Q: In step 7 of the citric acid cycle, fumarate is converted to malate by a ________ reaction. A) hydrolysis B) dehydrogenation C) hydrogenation D) hydration E) dehydration

Q: In the dehydration of succinate to fumarate in the citric acid cycle, the coenzyme used is A) CoA. B) acetyl CoA. C) NAD+. D) NADH. E) FAD.

Q: The GTP formed in step 5 of the citric acid cycle is used to make A) carbon dioxide. B) oxygen. C) water. D) CoA. E) ATP.

Q: In the hydrolysis of succinyl CoA in step 5 of the citric acid cycle, CoA is released as A) HS-CoA. B) HO-CoA. C) CoA-O-. D) CoA-S-. E) CoA-COO-.

Q: Step 5 of the citric acid cycle is the hydrolysis of succinyl CoA. In this reaction A) the energy released is used to make GTP. B) the energy released is used to make ATP. C) carbon dioxide is released. D) α-ketoglutarate is released. E) the enzyme aconitase is needed.

Q: In the third major step of the citric acid cycle, NAD+ is converted to A) NAS-. B) NAD2+. C) NADH2. D) NAD. E) NADH.

Q: The citric acid cycle step that removes the first CO2 molecule is a(n) A) oxidative decarboxylation. B) reduction. C) carbonylation. D) hydrolysis. E) combination.

Q: The transformation of citrate to isocitrate in the citric acid cycle requires two ________ reactions. A) oxidation B) reduction C) hydrolysis D) decarboxylation E) dehydration-hydration

Q: During the first reaction in the citric acid cycle, A) HS- CoA is released. B) acetyl CoA is made. C) a decarboxylation occurs. D) a decomposition occurs. E) ATP is synthesized.

Q: In the first reaction of the citric acid cycle A) glucose becomes pyruvate. B) ATP is produced. C) NADH is produced. D) acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to give citrate. E) pyruvate becomes CO2 and H2O.

Q: Another name for the citric acid cycle is A) the Krebs cycle. B) gluconeogenesis. C) glucose hydrolysis. D) oxidative phosphorylation. E) the chemiosmotic pump.

Q: Another name for the citric acid cycle is A) electron transport. B) glycolysis. C) the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. D) glucolysis. E) the transamination pathway.

Q: Most of the energy released in the citric acid cycle is used to produce A) glucose. B) acetyl CoA. C) NADH and FADH2. D) carbon dioxide and water. E) citric acid.

Q: The citric acid cycle takes place in the A) mitochondria. B) cytosol. C) cytoplasm. D) Golgi apparatus. E) endoplasmic reticulum.

Q: Which of the three major stages of metabolism includes the citric acid cycle? A) Stage one B) Stage two C) Stage three

Q: When oxygen is in plentiful supply in the cell, pyruvate is converted to A) CoA. B) acetyl CoA. C) glucose. D) lactate. E) fructose.

Q: The citric acid cycle operates only under aerobic conditions because A) oxygen is a reactant in the citric acid cycle. B) oxygen is a product of the citric acid cycle. C) CO2 is a product of the citric acid cycle. D) the NADH and FADH2 produced by the citric acid cycle can only be reoxidized by the electron transport chain. E) the NAD+ and FAD produced by the citric acid cycle can only be reduced by the electron transport chain.

Q: Which of the following is the net reaction for one turn of the citric acid cycle?A) Acetyl CoA + 3 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O -> 2CO2 + 3 NADH + 3 H+ + FADH2+ HS - CoA + GTPB) Pyruvate + 3 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O -> 3 CO2 + 3 NADH + 3 H+ + FADH2 + GTPC) Acetyl CoA + NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi-> 2 CO2 + NADH + H+ + FADH2+ HS - CoA + GTPD) Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2GDP + 2 Pi + 2H2O -> 2Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + GTPE) Glucose + 2GDP + 2 Pi-> 2Lactate + 2GTP

Q: Which of the following compounds in the citric acid cycle undergoes oxidative decarboxylation? A) citrate B) isocitrate C) succinate D) fumarate E) succinyl CoA

Q: What electron acceptor(s) is(are) used in the citric acid cycle? A) FAD only B) NAD+ only C) NADH + FADH2 + HS - CoA D) FMN E) NAD+ + FAD

Q: The citric acid cycle is used in the oxidation of A) glucose only. B) glucose and fatty acids only. C) fatty acids only. D) glucose, fatty acids, and proteins. E) proteins only.

Q: In order to enter the citric acid cycle, pyruvate is first converted to A) ate. B) acetaldehyde. C) citrate. D) acetyl CoA. E) ethanol.

Q: Which coenzyme is the electron acceptor in the following reaction?A) FADB) NAD+C) FMND) NADHE) FADH2

Q: Which coenzyme is the electron acceptor in the following reaction?A) FADB) NAD+C) FMND) NADHE) FADH2

Q: When combined with electron transport, one turn of the citric acid cycle produces ________ ATP. A) 24 B) 12 C) 10 D) 14 E) 2

Q: Identify each of the following metabolic pathways.A) the conversion of pyruviate to ethanol and CO2B) breaking down of macromoleculesC) the synthesis of glycogen from glucose for storage purposesD) the conversion of glucose to lactic acidE) the production of glucose from noncarbohydrate moleculesF) lipid metabolismG) the flow of lactate and glucose between muscle and liver1> anaerobic glycolysis2> fermentation3> glycogenesis4> gluconeogenesis5> the Cori cycle6> digestion7> triacylglycerol hydrolysis

Q: Gluconeogenesis is an anabolic process.

Q: In gluconeogenesis, glucose is synthesized from noncarbohydrate material.

Q: Glycogen storage disease occurs when an enzyme is deficient and impedes the storage or degradation of glycogen.

Q: In glycogenesis, excess glucose is used to form glycogen.

Q: Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to ethanol.

Q: The product of glycolysis is glucose.

Q: In glycolysis, two ATPs are invested and six ATPs are synthesized.

Q: Most of the digestion of carbohydrates occurs in the stomach.

Q: Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth.

Q: Pantothenic acid is a part of NADH.

Q: FADH2 is the oxidized form of FAD.

Q: NAD+ acts as a hydrogen acceptor in metabolic reactions.

Q: Oxidation involves the gain of electrons for a substance.

Q: ATP contains a ribose sugar.

Q: The conversion of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate produces 7.3 kcal/mole of energy.

Q: ATP is the primary energy source for the cell.

Q: Catabolic reactions provide energy to generate ATP in the cell.

Q: The production of carbon dioxide and water in the body is an anabolic process.

Q: Digestion of a polysaccharide is an anabolic process.

Q: Lysosomes digest and recycle old cell structures.

Q: Reactions in the mitochondria produce most of the cell's energy.

Q: The cytosol is an aqueous solution of salts and enzymes.

Q: Energy production in the cell occurs primarily in the nucleus.

Q: The production of ethanol from glucose is termed ________. A) fermentation B) glycolysis C) gluconeogenesis D) β-oxidation E) dehydrogenation

Q: The net energy production in anaerobic glycolysis is ________. A) 2 ATP B) 4 ATP C) 6 ATP D) 8 ATP E) 12 ATP

Q: Hydrolysis of sucrose takes place primarily in the ________. A) mouth B) stomach C) pancreas D) small intestine E) large intestine

Q: The energy for most energy-requiring reactions in the cells of the body is obtained by the hydrolysis of ________. A) ATP B) ADP C) AMP D) cyclic AMP E) GTP

Q: Most of the energy in the typical animal cell is produced in the ________. A) cytosol B) nucleus C) mitochondria D) lysosomes E) endoplasmic reticulum

Q: The term that refers to all of the chemical reactions in living cells is ________. A) glycolysis B) β-oxidation C) metabolism D) anabolism E) catabolism

Q: When glucose is made from noncarbohydrate sources, the process is called A) glycogenesis. B) glycogenolysis. C) gluconeogenesis. D) lactate production. E) glucagon production.

Q: The primary energy source for the brain is A) lactate. B) triacylglycerols. C) amino acids. D) fructose. E) glucose.

Q: When glycogen is broken down into glucose, the process is called A) glycogenesis. B) glycogenolysis. C) gluconeogenesis. D) lactate production. E) glucagon production.

Q: Glycogenesis obtains energy from A) ADP. B) UTP. C) Pi. D) pyrophosphate. E) pyruvate.

Q: The synthesis of glycogen from glucose is called A) glyceration. B) gluconeogenesis. C) glucogenesis. D) glycogenesis. E) glycolysis.

Q: When as much glycogen is stored as possible in the body, excess glucose is converted to A) triacylglycerols. B) fructose. C) sucrose. D) Coenzyme A. E) ATP.

Q: Glycogen is normally stored in A) heart and lung. B) liver and muscle. C) spleen and bone. D) pancreas and muscle. E) fat cells and muscle.

Q: Under anaerobic conditions, lactate is produced from A) acetyl CoA. B) pyruvate. C) ATP. D) carbon dioxide. E) NAD+.

Q: When one glucose molecule undergoes glycolysis it generates A) 6 ATP. B) 6 ATP and 2 NADH. C) 2 ATP and 2 NADH. D) 2 ATP and 4 NADH. E) 12 ATP.

Q: The compounds formed when fructose-1, 6-diphosphate is split are A) pyruvic acid and lactic acid. B) ethanol and acetyl CoA. C) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and pyruvic acid. D) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. E) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvic acid.

Q: In step 7 of glycolysis, ATP is generated when a phosphate group is transferred directly from 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to ADP in a process known as A) oxidation. B) direct substrate phosphorylation. C) reduction. D) transamination. E) oxidative phosphorylation.

Q: Which of the following metabolic pathways can occur in the absence of oxygen?A) electron transportB) oxidative phosphorylationC) citric acid cycleD) glycolysisE) -oxidation

Q: Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate produced in glycolysis can be converted to A) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. B) lactic acid. C) glucose-6-phosphate. D) fructose-6-phosphate. E) acetyl CoA.

Q: The process of glycolysis is regulated by A) cell requirements for pyruvate. B) allosteric control. C) ATP needs. D) feedback inhibition. E) All of the above.

Q: The overall process of glycolysis A) requires oxygen. B) uses up 4 ATP molecules. C) requires acetyl CoA. D) is an anabolic pathway. E) produces 2 ATP molecules.

Q: In the process of glycolysis, glucose is converted to A) pyruvate. B) citrate. C) sucrose. D) oxaloacetate. E) ribose.

Q: Glycolysis is a(n) ________ process. A) aerobic B) anaerobic C) anabolic D) one-step E) five-step

Q: The digestion of carbohydrates goes from A) glucose to dextrins to maltose. B) maltose to polysaccharides. C) polysaccharides to dextrins to glucose. D) polysaccharides to glucose to dextrins. E) glucose to polysaccharides.