Q&A Hero

Q: An enzyme that can facilitate the breakdown of starch into smaller units is A) glucose phosphatase. B) alcohol dehydrogenase. C) amylase. D) lactase. E) maltase.

Q: Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the A) mouth. B) stomach. C) pancreas. D) small intestine. E) large intestine.

Q: The portion of Coenzyme A that reacts with potential substrates is A) an acid group. B) an amino group. C) a C=O group. D) an alcohol group. E) a thiol group.

Q: An acyl group contains at least ________ carbon atom(s). A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five

Q: Coenzyme A is a molecule whose function is to A) activate enzyme A. B) undergo phosphorylation. C) provide energy for the citric acid cycle. D) produce acyl groups for reaction. E) help break down macromolecules.

Q: FAD is a coenzyme which usually participates in A) oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. B) formation of carbon-carbon double bonds. C) decarboxylation reactions. D) phosphorylation reactions. E) β-oxidation reactions.

Q: FAD stands for A) flavin adenosine dinucleotide. B) folic acid diphosphate. C) fumarate alcohol dehydrogenase. D) folate adenosine diphosphate. E) flavin adenine dinucleotide.

Q: NAD+ participates in reactions that produce A) a CH2 group. B) a C=O bond. C) phosphorylation. D) ADP from ATP. E) a C-C bond.

Q: NAD+ stands for the coenzyme A) niacin adenine dinucleotide. B) nicotinic acid diphosphate. C) nicotinamide diphosphate. D) nicotine adenosine dinucleotide. E) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

Q: In biochemical systems, the term reduction often refers to A) a loss of hydrogen or electrons by a compound. B) a gain of hydrogen or electrons by a compound. C) a gain in oxygen. D) a loss of electrons. E) an energy-releasing reaction.

Q: Which coenzyme is the electron acceptor in the following reaction?A) FADB) NAD+C) FMND) NADHE) FADH2

Q: Which coenzyme is the electron acceptor in the following reaction?A) FADB) NAD+C) FMND) NADHE) FADH2

Q: Muscle contraction is an example of a(n) A) anabolic process. B) catabolic process. C) glucose storage process. D) protein degradation process. E) lipid hydrolysis process.

Q: Muscle contraction requires A) copper ion and ATP. B) iron. C) calcium ion and ATP. D) lipid hydrolysis. E) carbon dioxide.

Q: The hydrolysis of ADP to give AMP and Pi, releases approximately the same amount of energy as A) sucrose breakdown. B) protein digestion. C) glucose oxidation. D) glycogen production. E) ATP → ADP + Pi.

Q: The symbol Pi stands for A) inorganic phosphate. B) inert pyrophosphate. C) insoluble phosphate. D) isomers of phosphate. E) irreversible phosphorylation.

Q: The energy from the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is A) 31 kcal/mole. B) 7.3 kcal/mole. C) 73 kcal/mole. D) 10. kcal/mole. E) 4.0 kcal/mole.

Q: The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is A) endothermic. B) exothermic. C) isothermic. D) an oxidation. E) a reduction.

Q: The components of ATP are A) adenosine, ribose, and triphosphate. B) aniline and triphosphate. C) alanine, ribose, and triphosphate. D) adenine, ribose, and triphosphate. E) adenosine, deoxyribose, and triphosphate.

Q: The main compound used to release energy for metabolism is A) sucrose. B) glucose phosphate. C) adenosine triphosphate. D) ribonucleic acid. E) NAD+.

Q: The final products of catabolic reactions are A) carbon dioxide, water, and ammonia. B) glucose, lipids, and glycogen. C) lipids, oxygen, and water. D) RNA and DNA. E) lipids and carbohydrates.

Q: The synthesis of glycogen can be classified as a(n) A) catabolic reaction. B) anabolic reaction. C) digestion reaction. D) phosphorylation reaction. E) β-oxidation reaction.

Q: Protein synthesis takes place A) in the mitochondria. B) on the endoplasmic reticulum. C) in the nucleus. D) on the ribosomes. E) in the cytosol.

Q: The middle stage of catabolism is the point at which A) acetyl CoA is produced. B) monomers are produced from macromolecules. C) macromolecules are made from monomers. D) glycogen is converted to glucose. E) excess nutrients are stored as fats.

Q: The first stage of catabolism is A) the citric acid cycle. B) production of pyruvate. C) production of acetyl CoA. D) buildup of macromolecules from monomers. E) digestion of large molecules.

Q: How many main stages of catabolism are there? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five

Q: Anabolic reactions are reactions that A) use oxidation but not reduction. B) break down large molecules into smaller ones. C) take place in the mitochondria. D) use energy. E) give off energy.

Q: The result of a defective enzyme caused by a mutation in the DNA nucleotide sequence is A) a genetic disease. B) AIDS. C) HIV. D) recombinant DNA. E) translocation.

Q: Mutations are the result of A) alterations in the phosphate of the DNA backbone. B) exposure to water in utero. C) physical trauma in the mother's childhood. D) alterations in the sugar component of the DNA backbone. E) alterations in the DNA base sequence.

Q: The anticodon of U-A-G is A) A-T-C. B) U-A-G. C) A-A-C. D) A-U-C. E) G-A-U.

Q: During protein synthesis, the codon for an amino acid is found on A) DNA. B) rRNA. C) tRNA. D) mRNA. E) sRNA.

Q: A tRNA is activated when it A) attaches to mRNA. B) attaches to its specific amino acid. C) attaches to the ribosome. D) leaves the ribosome. E) releases its specific amino acid.

Q: Which of the following is not a step in protein synthesis? A) activation of tRNA B) initiation C) elongation D) termination E) unwinding of two strands of mRNA

Q: Translation is the process whereby A) DNA is synthesized from DNA. B) DNA is synthesized from mRNA. C) protein is synthesized from DNA. D) protein is synthesized from mRNA. E) mRNA is synthesized from DNA.

Q: The codon is found on ________, and the anticodon is found on ________. A) mRNA; tRNA B) tRNA; mRNA C) rRNA; tRNA D) ribosomes; tRNA E) mRNA; rRNA

Q: Codons are base pair sequences that A) signal the start of DNA synthesis. B) signal the end of DNA synthesis. C) code for amino acids. D) signal the start of RNA synthesis. E) code for one or more bases in mRNA.

Q: Some sections of a DNA molecule do not code for protein synthesis. These segments are called A) codons. B) anticodons. C) Okazaki fragments. D) introns. E) exons.

Q: Which of the following types of RNA has a large subunit and a small subunit? A) mRNA B) histone RNA C) rRNA D) tRNA E) sRNA

Q: A set of directions in the DNA base sequence for the synthesis of a protein is a(n) A) structural gene. B) promotor. C) operator. D) codon. E) regulatory gene.

Q: The anticodon is A) identical to the codon on DNA. B) complementary to the codon on DNA. C) identical to the codon on mRNA. D) complementary to the codon on mRNA. E) complementary to the codon on tRNA.

Q: When mRNA is synthesized using the information from DNA, the process is called A) transportation. B) transposition. C) transcription. D) translation. E) transliteration.

Q: A DNA template having the base sequence 3' A-G-A-T-G-A 5' would produce a mRNA with a base sequence of A) 5' A-G-A-T-G-A 3'. B) 5' U-C-U-A-C-U 3'. C) 5' T-C-T-U-C-T 3'. D) 5' T-C-T-A-C-A 3'. E) 5' A-C-A-U-C-A 3'.

Q: In the synthesis of mRNA, an adenine in the DNA pairs with A) uracil. B) adenine. C) guanine. D) thymine. E) cytosine.

Q: Which one of these base pairs is found in RNA? A) guanine-cytosine B) adenine-cytosine C) adenine-thymine D) adenine-guanine E) guanine-thymine

Q: Which of the following is a section of mRNA produced from the DNA template below? 3' A-A-G-C-G-A-A 5' A) 5' A-T-A-G-C-T-A 3' B) 5' A-U-A-G-C-U-A 3' C) 5' U-A-U-C-G-A-U 3' D) 5' U-U-U-G-C-U-U 3' E) 5' T-A-T-C-G-A-T 3'

Q: Which of the following is a section of mRNA produced from the DNA template below? 3' A-T-A-G-C-T-A 5' A) 5' A-T-A-G-C-T-A 3' B) 5' A-U-A-G-C-U-A 3' C) 5' U-A-U-C-G-A-U 3' D) 5' U-U-U-G-C-U-U 3' E) 5' T-A-T-C-G-A-T 3'

Q: In transcription A) the mRNA produced is identical to the parent DNA. B) a double helix containing one parent strand and one daughter strand is produced. C) uracil pairs with thymine. D) both strands of the DNA are copied. E) the mRNA produced is complementary to one strand of the DNA.

Q: Which of the following types of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis? A) mRNA B) histone RNA C) rRNA D) tRNA E) sRNA

Q: The backbone of the helix of DNA is held together by A) hydrogen bonds. B) covalent bonds. C) dipole-dipole interactions. D) ionic bonds. E) sugar-to-phosphate bonds.

Q: What is the process in which the DNA double helix unfolds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand? A) transcription B) complementation C) translation D) replication E) restriction

Q: The two new DNA molecules formed in replication A) are complementary to the original DNA. B) both contain only two new daughter DNA strands. C) both contain only the parent DNA strands. D) contain one parent and one daughter strand. E) are identical, with one containing both parent strands, and the other containing both daughter strands.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a step in DNA replication? A) mRNA sends a message to form a new strand of DNA. B) A base on the DNA pairs with its complementary base free in solution. C) DNA polymerase forms bonds between a 5'-phosphate of one nucleotide and a 3'-hydroxyl of another. D) On one strand the DNA is synthesized continuously. E) DNA ligase connects short segments of DNA on one strand.

Q: The two strands of the double helix of DNA are held together by A) hydrogen bonds. B) covalent bonds. C) dipole-dipole interactions. D) ionic bonds. E) sugar-to-phosphate bonds.

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Cytosine and Thymine are a complementary base pair that forms 3 hydrogen bonds. B) Thymine and Guanine are a complementary base pair that forms 3 hydrogen bonds. C) Cytosine and Guanine are a complementary base pair that forms 2 hydrogen bonds. D) Thymine and Adenine are a complementary base pair that forms 2 hydrogen bonds. E) Thymine and Guanine are a complementary base pair that forms 2 hydrogen bonds.

Q: Which one of the following base pairs is found in DNA? A) adenine-thymine B) adenine-guanine C) cytosine-thymine D) adenine-uracil E) guanine-uracil

Q: When DNA replicates, a guanine forms a base pair with A) uracil. B) adenine. C) guanine. D) thymine. E) cytosine.

Q: When DNA duplicates itself, the correct placement of the nucleotides is accomplished by A) complementary base pairing. B) polymerase. C) enzyme matching. D) base matching. E) transcription.

Q: The base sequence of the strand of DNA complementary to the segment 5' T-G-G-C-A-A-C 3' is A) 3' T-G-G-C-A-A-C 5'. B) 3' A-C-C-G-T-T-G 5'. C) 3' A-C-C-G-U-U-G 5'. D) 3' U-C-C-G-T-T-G 5'. E) 3' A-C-G-C-T-U-G 5'.

Q: Which of the following hold two strands of DNA in an a helix? A) ester linkages B) disulfide linkages C) peptide bonds D) hydrogen bonds E) glycosidic linkages

Q: The bonds that link the base pairs in the DNA double helix are A) ionic bonds. B) peptide bonds. C) hydrogen bonds. D) hydrophobic bonds. E) ester bonds.

Q: The nucleotides in the backbone of DNA are held together by ________ bonds. A) hydrogen B) peptide C) phosphodiester D) glycosidic E) ionic

Q: Guanine is one example of a nitrogen base that is a A) cofactor. B) 5-carbon sugar. C) phosphodiester. D) pyrimidine. E) purine.

Q: Which of the following can be found in DNA? A) ribose B) GMP C) uracil D) deoxyadenosine E) FMN

Q: Which of the following will not be found in DNA? A) adenine B) thymine C) guanine D) cytosine E) ribose

Q: Which of the following is found in RNA but not in DNA? A) thymine B) uracil C) guanine D) cytosine E) deoxyribose

Q: Which of the following can NOT be found in a nucleotide of RNA? A) purine B) pyrimidine C) phosphate D) ribose E) deoxyribose

Q: A ________ consists of a nitrogen-containing base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. A) nucleoside B) base pair C) nucleotide D) complementary base E) purine

Q: A ________ consists of a nitrogen-containing a base and a sugar. A) nucleoside B) base pair C) nucleotide D) complementary base E) pyrimidine

Q: Match the correct term with the statement. A) transcription factor B) operon C) activators D) repressor E) promoter 1> the protein complexes that bind to the promoter region of DNA 2> a group of genes whose transcription is controlled by the same regulatory gene 3> the portion of the control site that regulates DNA synthesis 4> a protein that interacts with the operator gene to prevent mRNA synthesis 5> proteins that bind to transcription factors to increase the transcription rate

Q: Match the following. A) mRNA B) DNA C) tRNA D) rRNA 1> picks up the specific amino acids for protein synthesis 2> synthesized by the DNA to carry the genetic message to the ribosomes 3> contains within the nucleus of the cell the information for the synthesis of protein 4> the nucleic acid that contains the codons for the amino acids of a protein 5> the most abundant nucleic acid in the ribosomes 6> the nucleic acid that contains a single anticodon for a specific amino acid

Q: A retrovirus contains DNA as its genetic material and that synthesizes a complementary RNA strand inside a cell.

Q: AZT is a drug used in the treatment of colds.

Q: A retrovirus uses DNA as its genetic material.

Q: DNA fingerprinting is not yet used to detect genes for cancer susceptibility.

Q: Human insulin can be made with the use of recombinant DNA technology.

Q: Down syndrome is an acquired disease, not a genetic disease.

Q: The mRNA triplet UUU codes for phenylalanine.

Q: The anticodon sequence is found in mRNA.

Q: mRNA is the smallest type of RNA.

Q: Messenger RNA carries protein synthesis information from the nucleus to the ribosomes.