Q&A Hero

Q: Elements in group 2A(2) of the periodic table form ions with a charge of A) 1+. B) 1-. C) 2+. D) 3+. E) 0.

Q: The number of electrons in an ion with 20 protons and an ionic charge of 2+ is A) 24. B) 22. C) 20. D) 18. E) 16.

Q: What is the ionic charge of an ion with 13 protons and 10 electrons? A) 1+ B) 2+ C) 3+ D) 2- E) 3-

Q: An anion always A) has a positive charge. B) contains a group of two or more atoms with a positive charge. C) contains a metal and a nonmetal. D) forms covalent bonds. E) has a negative charge.

Q: To form an iron, a sodium atom A) gains one electron. B) gains two electrons. C) loses seven electrons. D) loses one electron. E) loses two electrons.

Q: What is the symbol for the ion with 19 protons and 18 electrons? A) F+ B) F- C) Ar+ D) K- E) K+

Q: How many electrons will aluminum gain or lose when it forms an ion? A) lose 1 B) gain 5 C) lose 2 D) lose 3 E) gain 1

Q: In ionic compounds, ________ lose their valence electrons to form positively charged ________. (5,2) A) metals; anions B) nonmetals; cations C) metals; polyatomic ions D) nonmetals; anions E) metals; cations

Q: The octet rule indicates that A) all of the noble gases have eight total electrons. B) all of the shells in an atom hold a maximum of 8 electrons. C) all of the Group A elements have 8 valence electrons. D) atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to have 8 valence electrons. E) the noble gases react with other compounds to get 8 valence electrons.

Q: How many valence electrons does carbon have? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five

Q: How many valence electrons does nitrogen have? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five

Q: When an atom of uranium-235 is bombarded with neutrons, it splits into smaller nuclei and produces a great amount of energy. This nuclear process is called A) fission. B) fusion. C) decomposition. D) chain reaction. E) ionization.

Q: A patient receives 3.0 mL of a solution containing technetium-99m for a breast image. If the activity of the technetium-99m is 9.5 mCi/mL, what is the dose received by the patient? A) 3.2 mCi B) 29 mCi C) 320 μCi D) 9.5 mCi E) 28.5 mCi

Q: The dosage of technetium-99m for myocardial imaging is 280 μCi/kg of body weight. How many mCi should be given to a patient weighing 65 kg? (1 mCi = 1000 Ci)A) 0.0043 mCiB) 4.3 mCiC) 18 mCiD) 230 mCiE) 1.8 104 mCi

Q: The most widely used medical isotope in nuclear medicine is A) Tc-99m. B) I-131. C) P-32. D) I-125. E) Co-60.

Q: An imaging technique that detects the energy emitted by hydrogen atoms in a magnetic field is known as A) positron emission tomography (PET). B) computerized tomography (CT). C) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). D) radioactive tracer study. E) supermagnetic tomography (SMT).

Q: An imaging technique in which a computer monitors the degree of absorption of X-ray beams is known as A) positron emission tomography (PET). B) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). C) computerized tomography (CT). D) radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU). E) a scan.

Q: The half-life of bromine-74 is 25 min. How much of a 4.0 mg sample is still active after 75 min? A) 0.50 mg B) 1.0 mg C) 2.0 mg D) 0.25 mg E) 4.0 mg

Q: Krypton-79 has a half-life of 35 hours. How many half-lives have passed after 105 hours? A) 1 half-life B) 2 half-lives C) 3 half-lives D) 4 half-lives E) 5 half-lives

Q: A wooden object from a prehistoric site has a carbon-14 activity of 10 counts per minute (cpm) compared to 40 cpm for new wood. If carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 years, what is the age of the wood? A) 1430 yr B) 5730 yr C) 11,500 yr D) 17,200 yr E) 22,900 yr

Q: Iodine-123, which is used for diagnostic imaging in the thyroid, has a half-life of 13 hours. If 50.0 mg of I-123 were prepared at 8:00 a.m. on Monday, how many mg remain at 10:00 a.m. on the following day? A) 50.0 mg B) 25.0 mg C) 12.5 mg D) 6.25 mg E) 3.13 mg

Q: The half-life of a radioisotope is A) one-half of the time it takes for the radioisotope to completely decay to a nonradioactive isotope. B) the time it takes for the radioisotope to become an isotope with one-half of the atomic weight of the original radioisotope. C) the time it takes for the radioisotope to become an isotope with one-half the atomic number of the original radioisotope. D) the time it takes for the radioisotope to lose one-half of its neutrons. E) the time it takes for one-half of the sample to decay.

Q: Sodium-24 has a half-life of 15 hours. How many hours is three half-lives? A) 60 hours B) 45 hours C) 30 hours D) 15 hours E) 7.5 hours

Q: Why is it important that radioisotopes used in diagnostic tests have short half-lives? A) These radioisotopes have a greater activity so they are easier to monitor. B) This minimizes the harmful side effects of the radiation. C) This is necessary so the radioisotopes will have high energy. D) These radioisotopes are less expensive. E) These radioisotopes are more abundant in nature.

Q: One symptom of mild radiation sickness is A) a lowered white cell count. B) a raised white cell count. C) a lowered red blood cell count. D) a raised red blood cell count. E) a white cell count of zero.

Q: The recommended dosage of I-131 for a test is 4.2 microcuries per kg of body weight. How many mCi should be given to a 55 kg patient? (1 mCi = 1000 Ci)A) 230 mCiB) 0.23 mCiC) 0.076 mCiD) 760 mCiE) 13.8 mCi

Q: A person begins to suffer radiation sickness at an exposure level of A) 25 rem. B) 5 rem. C) 500 rem. D) 100 rem. E) 600 rem.

Q: A sample of technetium-99m has an activity of 1.5 Ci. How many disintegrations occur in the technetium-99m sample in 5.0 sec? A) 5.6 1010 B) 2.8 1011 C) 1.1 1010 D) 7.5 E) 2.0 10-10

Q: Gamma rays may be detected using A) a Geiger counter. B) a film badge. C) X-ray film. D) all of the above devices. E) none of the above devices.

Q: A patient receives 10 mrads of gamma radiation. If the factor that adjusts for biological damage for for gamma radiation is 1, how many mrems did the patient receive? A) 2 mrem B) 5 mrem C) 10 mrem D) 20 mrem E) 200 mrem

Q: A patient receives 4.2 103 mrads of iodine-131, which emits -particles. If the factor that adjusts for biological damage is 1 for -particles, how many rems did the patient receive?A) 4B) 0.4C) 0.3D) 2E) 40

Q: The unit used to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by a gram of material is called then A) rad. B) RBE. C) curie. D) rem. E) MPD.

Q: A sample of cerium-141 for a diagnostic test was dissolved in saline solution to an activity of 4.5 mCi/mL. If the patient undergoing the test needs a dose of 10. mCi, how much of the solution should be injected into the patient? A) 45 mL B) .45 mL C) 2.2 mL D) 22 mL E) 4.5 mL

Q: Iodine-131 decays by beta decay to A) iodine-132. B) tellurium-131. C) iodine-130. D) bromine-131. E) xenon-131.

Q: Radium-226 decays by alpha decay to A) barium-131. B) cobalt-60. C) carbon-14. D) polonium-218. E) radon-222.

Q: When aluminum-27 is bombarded with a neutron, a gamma ray is emitted. What radioactive isotope is produced? A) silicon-27 B) silicon-28 C) aluminum-28 D) magnesium-27 E) magnesium-28

Q: What is the radiation particle used in the bombardment of nitrogen-14?N + ? -> C + HA) alpha particleB) beta particleC) gamma rayD) protonE) neutron

Q: What is missing in the nuclear reaction shown below?Zn + p -> ________A) a protonB) GaC) GaD) ZnE) Cu

Q: What is missing in the nuclear reaction shown below?B + He -> ________ + nA) a neutronB) BC) ND) NE) N

Q: What is missing in the nuclear reaction shown below?B + He -> N + ________A) gamma radiationB) a positronC) a neutronD) an alpha particleE) a beta particle

Q: What is the radioactive particle released in the following nuclear equation?W -> Hf + ?A) alpha particleB) beta particleC) gamma rayD) protonE) neutron

Q: What is the radioactive particle released in the following nuclear equation?Sr ->Y + ?A) alpha particleB) beta particleC) gamma rayD) protonE) neutron

Q: The nuclear reactionSn -> Sb + ?is an example ofA) fusion.B) fission.C) translation.D) alpha decay.E) beta decay.

Q: Nitrogen-17 is a beta emitter. What is the isotope produced in the radioactive decay? A) C B) B C) N D) F E) O

Q: The product from the alpha decay of U is A) Np. B) Pu. C) Th. D) Ra. E) U.

Q: In the nuclear equation of a beta emitter A) the new nucleus contains 2 fewer protons. B) the new nucleus contains 2 more protons. C) the mass number of the new nucleus is 4 less than that of the original nucleus. D) the new nucleus contains 1 more proton. E) the new nucleus contains 1 less proton.

Q: When a gamma ray is emitted from the nucleus of an atom, the nuclear mass A) increases by two units. B) decreases by one unit. C) increases by one unit. D) decreases by two units. E) remains the same.

Q: When an alpha particle is emitted from the nucleus of an atom, the nuclear mass A) increases by two units. B) decreases by four units. C) increases by one unit. D) decreases by two units. E) remains the same.

Q: When a positron is emitted from the nucleus of an atom, the nuclear mass A) increases by two units. B) decreases by one unit. C) increases by one unit. D) decreases by two units. E) remains the same.

Q: The nuclear reaction shown below is an example of what type of process?Th -> Rn + HeA) fusionB) fissionC) translationD) alpha decayE) betadecay

Q: A nuclear equation is balanced when A) the same elements are found on both sides of the equation. B) the sum of the mass numbers and the sum of the atomic numbers of the particles and atoms are the same on both sides of the equation. C) the same particles and atoms are on both sides of the equation. D) different particles and atoms are on both sides of the equation. E) the charges of the particles and atoms are the same on both sides of the equation.

Q: If absorbed internally, alpha particle emitters are the most damaging because alpha particles A) have the largest charge. B) have the greatest energy. C) have the greatest mass. D) consist of high energy electrons. E) consist of pure energy.

Q: Gamma rays require the heaviest shielding of all the common types of nuclear radiation because gamma rays have the A) highest energy. B) most intense color. C) lowest energy. D) largest particles. E) heaviest particles.

Q: The process in which a nucleus spontaneously breaks down by emitting radiation is known as A) transmutation. B) transformation. C) fusion. D) a chain reaction. E) radioactive decay.

Q: Which is NOT a way to minimize your exposure to radiation? A) wearing a lead apron B) keeping a good distance C) standing behind a thick concrete wall D) wearing lead-lined gloves E) staying a longer time

Q: For Sr, there are A) 85 protons and 38 neutrons. B) 47 protons and 38 neutrons. C) 38 protons and 47 neutrons. D) 38 protons and 85 neutrons. E) 85 protons and 47 neutrons.

Q: Which of the following is suitable as a minimum shielding for beta particles? A) air B) 1 m of water C) gloves D) 1 m of concrete E) 1 cm of lead

Q: The damaging effects of radiation on the body are a result of A) the formation of unstable ions or radicals. B) the formation of radioactive atoms in the body. C) transmutation reactions in the body. D) extensive damage to nerve cells. E) the production of radioactive sodium ions in the body.

Q: Which of the following types of radiation has the highest energy?A) -particlesB) -particlesC) -raysD) visible lightE) All of these have the same energy.

Q: A positron is a particle emitted from the nucleus that has the same mass as a(n) A) electron but has a positive charge. B) neutron but has a positive charge. C) alpha particle. D) beta particle. E) proton emitted from the nucleus.

Q: The symbol e is a symbol used for a(n) A) proton. B) positron. C) gamma ray. D) beta particle. E) alpha particle.

Q: The symbol e is a symbol used for a(n) A) proton. B) neutron. C) gamma ray. D) beta particle. E) alpha particle.

Q: The nuclear symbol of helium, He, is also the symbol for designating a(n) A) proton. B) neutron. C) gamma ray. D) beta particle. E) alpha particle.

Q: What is the nuclear symbol for a radioactive isotope of copper with a mass number of 60? A) Cu B) Cu C) 29Cu D) Cu E) Cu

Q: Choose the type of radiation from Column 2 that best matches each item in Column 1.A) beta particleB) positronC) alpha particleD) protonE) neutronF) gamma ray1> 2> 3> 4> H5> n6> e7> e

Q: Indicate whether each of the following is characteristic of the fission or fusion process. A) both fission and fusion B) fusion C) fission 1> A large nucleus is split into smaller nuclei. 2> Very high temperatures must be achieved to initiate the reaction. 3> This nuclear process provides the energy of the Sun. 4> This process produces radioactive by-products. 5> Large amounts of energy are released. 6> Two small nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus.

Q: Nuclear fusion does not occur naturally.

Q: Nuclear fission as used in nuclear power plants produces radioactive waste with long half-lives.

Q: One type of radiation that is not usually used for medical procedures is the cosmic ray.

Q: If the half-life of hydrogen-3 is 11.8 years, after two half-lives the radioactivity of a sample will be reduced to one-half of the original amount.

Q: Medical radioisotopes used for diagnostic purposes typically have short half-lives.

Q: One mCi of a radioactive substance emits more radiation than one μCi of the same substance.

Q: Irradiated food contains small amounts of added radioactive isotopes.

Q: Irradiation of food for sterilization is usually carried out using gamma irradiation.

Q: One symptom of radiation sickness is an increased production of red blood cells.

Q: Exposure to radiation is unavoidable because some radioactive elements occur naturally.

Q: A beta particle is emitted when Co-60 decays to Fe-60.

Q: An alpha particle is emitted when Am-241 decays to Np-237.

Q: The correct symbol for hydrogen-3 is He.

Q: The production of nitrogen-13 and a neutron from boron-10 by bombardment with a helium-4 nucleus is an example of radioactive decay.