Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following statements concerning phosphorus is false? A) At room temperature, white phosphorus is a molecular solid, while red phosphorus is a polymeric form of phosphorus.. B) The molecular formula of white phosphorus is P4. C) Phosphorus is commonly found in phosphate minerals such as fluorapatite. D) Because phosphorus may use 3d orbitals for bonding, it can form the +7 oxidation state. E) White phosphorus spontaneously combusts when exposed to air.

Q: Which of the following statements about ammonia is incorrect?A) Ammonia can be generated on a small scale from the reaction of an ionic nitride with water or by heating a solution of an ammonium salt with a strong base.B) Ammonia is the conjugate acid of the strongly basic nitride ion (N3-).C) Large quantities of ammonia are converted to urea (CO(NH2)2), which is used as a fertilizer, livestock feed supplement, and in the manufacture of some plastics.D) Large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) are produced by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia.E) Ammonia is produced commercially by the Haber process.

Q: The commercial preparation of nitric acid involves a number of reactions. Which of the reaction sequences below summarizes part of this process?A) B) C) D) E)

Q: Which nitrogen-containing compound is produced commercially via the Ostwald process? A) NH4NO3 B) N2O C) NH3 D) NO E) HNO3

Q: Nitric acid is obtained commercially from A) NH3. B) NH4NO3. C) Mg3N2. D) NaNO2. E) CO(NH2)2.

Q: In which of the following pairs is the nonmetal oxide the acid anhydride of the acid with which it is paired?A) N2O3 and HNO3B) N2O5 and HNO3C) NO2 and HNO3D) NO2 and HNO2E) NO and HNO2

Q: Which of the following equations describes the reaction of copper metal with concentrated nitric acid?A) 4Cu(s) + 10H3O+(aq) + NO3-(aq) →4Cu2+(aq) + NH4+(aq) + 13H2O(l)B) 5Cu(s) + 12H3O+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) →5Cu2+(aq) + N2(g) + 18H2O(l)C) Cu(s) + 4H3O+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) →Cu2+(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 6H2O(l)D) 3Cu(s) + 8H3O+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) →3Cu2+(aq) + 2NO(g) + 12H2O(l)E) 4Cu(s) + 10H3O+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) →4Cu2+(aq) + N2O(g) + 15H2O(l)

Q: Which of the following equations describes the reaction of copper metal with dilute nitric acid?A) Cu(s) + 4H3O+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) →Cu2+(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 6H2O(l)B) 4Cu(s) + 10H3O+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) →4Cu2+(aq) + N2O(g) + 15H2O(l)C) 5Cu(s) + 12H3O+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) →5Cu2+(aq) + N2(g) + 18H2O(l)D) 4Cu(s) + 10H3O+(aq) + NO3-(aq) →4Cu2+(aq) + NH4+(aq) + 13H2O(l)E) 3Cu(s) + 8H3O+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) → 3Cu2+(aq) + 2NO(g) + 12H2O(l)

Q: Nitric acid can be obtained directly by the reaction of _____________with water. A) N2O B) NO C) N2 D) N2O3 E) N2O5

Q: What is the gas obtained by gently heating NH4NO3? A) N2 B) NO2 C) N2O D) NO3 E) N2O3

Q: The oxidation state of nitrogen (given in parentheses) is correct in all the following cases exceptA) HN3(-1).B) N2O3(+3).C) HNO3(+5).D) NH4+(-3).E) N2O (+1).

Q: Dinitrogen gas is prepared commercially A) from the decomposition of ammonia. B) from the decomposition of magnesium nitride. C) from the electrolytic reduction of ammonium salts. D) from the distillation of air. E) from the electrolytic reduction of nitrate salts.

Q: Which of the following is not an example of "fixing" nitrogen?A) Scientists combine dinitrogen and hydrogen gases to form ammonia.B) Bacteria convert dinitrogen from the atmosphere into ammonium ion and nitrate ion containing compounds.C) Denitrifying bacteria decompose organic compounds into dinitrogen gas.D) When magnesium combusts in air, some magnesium also reacts with dinitrogen to produce magnesium nitride.E) Lightning strikes in the atmosphere produce nitrogen monoxide from dinitrogen and dioxygen gases.

Q: What small molecule is the eliminated as part of a condensation reaction? A) H2O B) CO2 C) O2 D) H2 E) HCl

Q: Which of the following is not a possible formula for a silicate anion?A) SiO3-B) Si4O1310-C) Si2O76-D) Si6O1812-E) SiO44-

Q: Which of the following is not a form of silicon dioxide?A) sandB) quartzC) amethystD) glassE) silicone

Q: Highly pure silicon for the manufacture of solid state electronic devices is made on an industrial scale by A) reduction of SiCl4(g) with hydrogen gas. B) reduction of SiO2(s) with coke (amorphous carbon). C) thermal decomposition of SiH4(g). D) reduction of SiCl4(g) with an alkali metal. E) reduction of SiO2(s) with aluminum.

Q: Which of the following statements concerning oxides of carbon is false? A) Both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are produced when an organic substance is burned in an oxygen-lean environment. B) Both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are toxic in large quantities. C) Both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are colorless. D) Both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide support most combustion reactions. E) Both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are odorless.

Q: Which of the following compounds is not an allotrope of carbon?A) diamondB) All are allotropes of carbon.C) methaneD) graphiteE) buckminsterfullerene

Q: Which property of carbon distinguishes it from the other elements in its group? A) the existence of more than one allotrope of carbon B) its four valence electrons C) its nonmetallic character D) the ability of carbon to catenate to a high degree E) the ability of carbon to form more than one oxide

Q: Catenation is A) the ability of a compound to form more than one type of unit-cell structure. B) the transformation of minerals to gems. C) the formation of more than one type of cation, such as Fe2+and Fe3+. D) the covalent bonding of two or more atoms of the same element to one another. E) the ability of an element to form more than one oxide.

Q: Which of the following reactions describes the formation of a covalent hydride?A) 2Rb(s) + H2(g) → 2RbH(s)B) 2Li(s) + H2(g) → 2LiH(s)C) Mg(s) + H2(g) → MgH2(s)D) (s) + 6H2(g) → (g)E) 2Al(s) + 3H2(g) → 2AlH3(s)

Q: Which of the following reactions describes the formation of an ionic hydride?A) 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)B) H2(g) + Br2() → 2HBr(g)C) 2Li(s) + H2(g) → 2LiH(s)D) H2(g) + C2H4(g) → C2H6(g)E) N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

Q: What is the general formula for an alkali metal hydride? (M = metal) A) MH B) M(OH)2 C) MH2 D) MH3 E) MOH

Q: A sample of pure deuterium oxide, D2O, is mixed with a sample of pure water, H2O. After a period of time, the mixture will be A) mostly H2O. B) mostly D3O+. C) mostly D2O. D) an equilibrium mixture of D2O, H2O, and DOH. E) mostly OD".

Q: The major industrial source of hydrogen gas is the reaction of methane and water at high temperatures (800"1000ºC) and high pressures (10"15 atm) with nickel as a catalyst.If 150.0 g of CH4and 150.0 g of H2O are reacted at 915ºC and 11.0 atm, how much hydrogen should be available for industrial use?A) 171 LB) 1330 LC) 249 LD) 25.0 LE) 222 L

Q: Which of the following reactions does not represent a commercial method for preparing hydrogen gas?A) C3H8(g) + 3H2O(g) →3CO(g) + 7H2(g)B) C(s) + H2O(g) →CO(g) + H2(g)C) 2NH3(g) →N2(g) + 3H2(g)D) 2H2O(l) →2H2(g) + O2(g)E) CO(g) + H2O(g) →CO2(g) + H2(g)

Q: Which of the following statements about hydrogen is/are correct? 1) It has three isotopes. 2) It is the most abundant element in the universe. 3) An atom of deuterium is about three times the mass of protium. A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) 1 and 2 E) 1, 2 and 3

Q: Which of the following metals tends to form compounds where the metal has a +2 or +4 oxidation number? A) Al B) Mg C) Sn D) Na E) Ba

Q: Which of the following statements concerning lead is false? A) Lead is predominantly used to make electrodes in batteries. B) Lead ions exist only in the +4 oxidation state. C) Lead reacts with hydrochloric acid, but because lead(II) chloride is insoluble in water, the reaction soon stops. D) Lead is commercially prepared by reducing lead(II) oxide with carbon monoxide. E) Lead is commonly found in galena, a lead(II) sulfide mineral.

Q: Which of the following statements concerning tin is false? A) Tin(IV) chloride is a molecular liquid. B) Tin metal is obtained from the mineral cassiterite. C) Tin(II) compounds are strong oxidizing agents. D) Solder and bronze are both alloys of tin. E) One allotrope of tin is a metal, and the other allotrope is a nonmetal.

Q: Which of the following equations describes the application of the Goldschmidt process to iron(III) oxide?A) 2Fe2O3(s) + 6H2(g) → 4FeH3(s) + 3O2(g)B) Fe2O3(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) → Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2O(l)C) Fe2O3(s) + 3H2O(l) → 2Fe(OH)3(aq)D) Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(l) + Al2O3(l)E) 2Fe2O3(s) → 4Fe(l) + 3O2(g)

Q: The Goldschmidt process is a method to A) produce lead from galena ore. B) prepare aluminum metal from electrolysis of aluminum hydroxide and cryolite. C) prepare sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and calcium carbonate. D) produce magnesium from seawater. E) prepare a metal by reduction of its oxide with aluminum metal.

Q: Which of the following statements concerning aluminum is false? A) Sapphires and rubies are composed principally of aluminum oxide. B) Aluminum hydroxide is amphoteric. C) Aluminum can have both +1 and +3 oxidation states. D) The main industrial source of aluminum is bauxite ore. E) Corundum is a hard mineral of aluminum oxide.

Q: Which of the following hydroxides has amphoteric character? A) Al(OH)3 B) CsOH C) Ba(OH)2 D) KOH E) B(OH)3

Q: Which of the following combinations of common name and formula is incorrect? A) plaster of Paris, CaHCO3 B) slaked lime, Ca(OH)2 C) quicklime, CaO D) limestone, CaCO3 E) slag, CaSiO3

Q: Which of the following statements concerning calcium is false? A) Calcium metal is produced by the reduction of calcium oxide by aluminum. B) Coral reefs are composed mainly of calcium hydroxide. C) The mineral gypsum is composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate. D) Calcium reacts with hydrogen to produce calcium hydride. E) Seashells are composed principally of calcium carbonate.

Q: Which of the following statements concerning magnesium is false? A) Milk of magnesia is composed of a slurry of magnesium hydroxide. B) Combustion of magnesium produces an intense white light. C) Carbon dioxide may be used to put out magnesium fires. D) Magnesium hydroxide is relatively insoluble in water. E) Firebricks are a hardened form of magnesium oxide.

Q: Which of the following statements concerning magnesium is false? A) Magnesium ion is the third most abundant dissolved ion in the oceans. B) Magnesium reacts with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide. C) Magnesium has a low density compared to most metals. D) Magnesium is the least reactive alkaline earth metal. E) Magnesium is used as a reducing agent in the production of zirconium.

Q: Which of the following statements concerning potassium and its compounds is false? A) Potash consists mostly of potassium carbonate. B) Potassium is so soft that it can be cut with a butter knife. C) Potassium reacts with oxygen to produce potassium superoxide. D) Potassium superoxide is used in self-contained breathing apparatuses. E) Potassium metal is prepared by electrolysis of potassium chloride.

Q: Almost all the potassium metal produced is used in the preparation of what compound? A) KNO3 B) K2O2 C) KOH D) KO2 E) KCl

Q: The Solvay process is an industrial method for the production of what compound? A) Li2CO3 B) Na2CO3 C) NaOH D) KO2 E) KNO3

Q: Which of the following is not a reaction used in the Solvay process?A) 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) → H2(g) + Cl2(g) + 2NaOH(aq)B) CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)C) NH3(g) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) + NaCl(aq) → NaHCO3(s) + NH4Cl(aq)D) 2NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)E) CaO(s) + 2NH4Cl(aq) → 2NH3(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

Q: Which of the following statements is true? A) The Solvay process is used to produce lead from galena ore. B) The Solvay process is used to produce magnesium from seawater. C) The Solvay process is used to produce sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and limestone. D) The Solvay process is used to separate aluminum oxide from bauxite ore. E) The Solvay process is used to produce aluminum metal from the electrolysis of aluminum oxide in cryolite.

Q: Which of the following statements about sodium is false? A) Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce sodium peroxide. B) Sodium ions are a significant component of seawater. C) Sodium reacts with water to produce sodium hydride and oxygen gas. D) Sodium metal is produced by electrolysis of sodium chloride. E) Sodium metal is a strong reducing agent.

Q: Which of the following is not an important use of sodium compounds?A) NaCl as a food preservativeB) Na2CO3in the manufacture of glassC) NaOH in the extraction of Al2O3from oreD) NaI in the production of iodineE) NaOH in the manufacture of soap

Q: Which alkali metal is capable of forming a stable nitride? A) Cs B) Na C) Rb D) K E) Li

Q: Which of the following statements about compounds of lithium is false? A) Lithium hydroxide is a strong base. B) Lithium carbonate is much more soluble in water than is sodium carbonate. C) Lithium carbonate is a medication used to treat bipolar disorder. D) Lithium hydroxide is used to remove carbon dioxide from the air in spacecraft. E) Lithium hydroxide is produced by the reaction of calcium hydroxide with lithium carbonate.

Q: Which of the following statements about lithium is false? A) Lithium reacts with oxygen to produce lithium peroxide. B) The commercial source of lithium is the ore spodumene. C) Lithium metal is obtained by electrolysis of lithium chloride. D) Lithium reacts with water to produce lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. E) Lithium is commonly used as the anode in batteries.

Q: Which is the most fundamental reason why potassium is more reactive than sodium? A) The effective nuclear charge on the valence electrons of potassium is less than the effective nuclear charge on the valence electrons of sodium. B) The electronegativity of potassium is less than the electronegativity of sodium. C) The atomic radius of potassium is larger than the atomic radius of sodium. D) The ionization energy of potassium is larger than the ionization energy of sodium. E) The ionic radius of potassium is larger than the ionic radius of sodium.

Q: Which of the following is not a property of the alkali metals?A) They form +1 cations in ionic compounds.B) Their hydroxides tend to be amphoteric.C) They do not occur as free metals in nature.D) They are the most reactive of all metals.E) They are soft and silvery.

Q: Which one of the following metals reacts least vigorously with water?A) LiB) CaC) NaD) MgE) K

Q: Which of the following metals will have the most vigorous reaction with water? A) Ga B) Li C) K D) Ca E) Ba

Q: An alkali metal (designated M) reacts with water with the formation of A) MOH + H2. B) M2O + H2. C) M(OH)2+ H2. D) MO + H2. E) MOH + O2.

Q: Which of the following alkali metals has the highest melting point? A) Li B) Na C) Rb D) Cs E) K

Q: Which of the following metals is expected to have the fastest reaction with water? A) Li B) K C) Cs D) Na E) Rb

Q: Which element reacts most vigorously with water? A) Al B) Li C) Ba D) Mg E) Cs

Q: Which of the following properties of the alkali metals does not increase with increasing atomic number?A) ionic radiusB) reactivity with waterC) atomic radiusD) atomic massE) ionization energy

Q: Which of Figures I"V best represents the band theory description of metallic sodium? A) Figure IV B) Figure II C) Figure V D) Figure I E) Figure III

Q: Which of the following statements concerning the description of metals is/are correct? 1) Metals may be simply viewed as a sea of positive ions which are free to move over the entire metal crystal. 2) Molecular orbital theory shows that the large number of overlapping valence orbitals on the metal atoms in a crystal are so close together that they form bands. 3) Molecular orbital theory shows that electrons can become mobile when some of the electrons in a band are excited into unoccupied orbitals within the same band or a nearby band. A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) 1 and 2 E) 2 and 3

Q: The valence electrons in a metal crystal are A) delocalized between every two atoms. B) localized between every two atoms. C) found only on the surface of the crystal. D) delocalized only by an applied potential. E) free to travel throughout the crystal.

Q: In the production of aluminum by the Hall"Hroult process, what is the product produced at the cathode? A) CO B) F2 C) Al D) Na E) O2

Q: Which of the following processes is used commercially in the production of aluminum?A) Goldschmidt processB) Hall-Hroult processC) Dow processD) Frasch processE) Ostwald process

Q: Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the production of A) HF. B) NaF. C) Na. D) Al. E) F2.

Q: Aluminum is produced commercially by electrolysis in a cell that contains A) AlCl3(aq). B) aluminum anodes and cathodes. C) Al2O3(l) + Na3AlF6(l). D) AlCl3(aq) + Na3AlF6(aq). E) aluminum anodes.

Q: Aluminum is obtained from a Al2O3-Na3AlF6mixture byA) reduction with hydrogen.B) reduction with carbon monoxide.C) flotation.D) reduction with carbon.E) electrolysis.

Q: Which of the following is initially obtained commercially by electrolytic reduction? A) magnesium B) fluorine C) copper D) iodine E) bromine

Q: Which of the following elements is obtained commercially from seawater and salt brine? A) beryllium B) sulfur C) potassium D) magnesium E) aluminum

Q: The commercial method of isolating magnesium from seawater is called A) the Solvay process. B) the Goldschmidt process. C) the Dow process. D) the Hall"Hroult process. E) the Bayer process.

Q: Which of the following equations represents the roasting of lead(II) sulfide ore?A) PbS(s) + 4H2O(l) → Pb(OH)3-(aq) + H2S(aq) + H3O+(aq)B) PbS(s) + H2(g) → Pb(s) + H2S(g)C) 2PbS(s) + C(s) → 2Pb(s) + CS2(l)D) PbS(s) + 2H2O(l) → Pb(OH)2(s) + H2S(aq)E) 2PbS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2PbO(s) + 2SO2(g)

Q: Which element is found in the ore galena? A) aluminum B) lead C) silicon D) germanium E) tin

Q: A solution may contain NaCl, MgCl2, and/or AlCl3. When sodium hydroxide is added, a white precipitate forms that dissolves as more NaOH is added. Therefore, A) the solution definitely contains AlCl3and cannot contain MgCl2. B) the solution contains only NaCl. C) the solution contains at least two of the compounds, but it cannot be determined which two are present. D) the solution definitely contains AlCl3and probably contains MgCl2. E) the solution can contain only AlCl3.

Q: In the first stage of the Bayer process bauxite is mixed with a strong base. What is the purpose of the strong base? A) Strong base dissolves the silicate constituents of the ore, leaving pure aluminum oxide as a precipitate to be collected by filtration. B) Strong base favors the formation of a soluble anion of the aluminum, leaving the silicates and other impurities as precipitates to be removed by filtration. C) Strong base dissolves the silicate constituents of the ore and precipitates the aluminum as Al(OH)3for collection by filtration. D) Strong base dissolves the silicates and aluminum constituents of the ore, allowing for the removal of any insoluble impurities by filtration and eventual precipitation of the aluminum from the filtrate. E) The strong base, along with HF, is used to extract the aluminum from the ore as cryolite, a compound used in the electrolytic reduction of aluminum.

Q: A chemical method of isolating aluminum oxide from aluminum ore is called A) the Hall"Hroult process. B) the Solvay process. C) the Goldschmidt process. D) the Bayer process. E) the Dow process.

Q: What is the metallurgical process of roasting? A) A heating process done in the presence of carbon to reduce a metal oxide mineral to the metal. B) A heating process done in the presence of carbon to reduce a metal sulfide mineral to the metal. C) A heating process done in the presence of air to oxidize a metal mineral to the metal oxide. D) A heating process done in the presence of air to convert a metal sulfide mineral to the metal oxide mineral. E) A heating process done in the presence of air to reduce a metal oxide mineral to the metal.

Q: Roasting is an example of which step in the production of a metal? A) reduction B) alloying C) smithing D) refining E) preliminary treatment

Q: At which step in the production of a metal would a blast furnace be used? A) preliminary treatment B) refining C) reduction D) smithing E) extruding

Q: Bauxite is the principal ore of which element(s)? A) B B) Tl C) Al D) Ga E) all of these

Q: Which of the following statements is true? A) An alloy may also be an ore. B) A metal may also be a mineral. C) A mineral may also be an alloy. D) A mineral may also be an ore. E) All of these statements are true.

Q: Which of the following is not a property of metals?A) ductileB) heat conductorC) malleableD) luminousE) electrical conductor