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Chemistry
Q:
Relative to the amount of energy released in a typical chemical reaction, the amount of energy released in a typical fission reaction is about
A) the same.
B) 10 times greater.
C) 108 times greater.
D) 1010 times greater.
Q:
Which of the following is not an advantage of fusion reactions over fission reactions for power generation?
A) cheap and plentiful fuel
B) ease of reaction initiation
C) Fusion products are non-polluting
D) Fusion products are nonradioactive
Q:
Which does not apply to a nuclear fusion reaction?
A) Atoms of one element cannot be converted to atoms of another element.
B) Energy is conserved.
C) Matter is conserved.
D) None of these apply to a nuclear fusion reaction.
Q:
How much energy is released for alpha decay of 236U? The masses of 4He, 232Th, and 236U are 4.002604, 232.038124, and 236.045637 amu, respectively.
A) 1.473 108 kJ/mol
B) 4.418 108 kJ/mol
C) 4.909 108 kJ/mol
D) 7.209 108 kJ/mol
Q:
What is the mass change in grams for the reaction The enthalpy for the reaction is -57.2 kJ.
A) -6.36 10-13 g
B) -6.36 10-10 g
C) -1.91 10-7 g
D) -1.91 10-4 g
Q:
If the mass of one neutron is 1.00866 amu, the mass of one proton is 1.00728 amu, and the mass of 12C nucleus is 11.99671 amu, calculate the binding energy for the 12C nucleus.
A) 8.90 109 kJ/mol
B) 8.90 1012 kJ/mol
C) 1.10 1015 kJ/mol
D) 1.10 1018 kJ/mol
Q:
If the mass of one neutron is 1.00866 amu, the mass of one proton is 1.00728 amu, and the mass of 14C nucleus is 13.99995 amu, calculate the binding energy for the 14C nucleus.
A) 9.92 109 kJ/mol
B) 1.02 1010 kJ/mol
C) 5.54 1011 kJ/mol
D) 5.95 1011 kJ/mol
Q:
Calculate the mass defect for the formation of phosphorus-31. The mass of a phosphorus-31 nucleus is 30.973765 amu. The masses of a proton and a neutron are 1.00728 and 1.00866 amu, respectively.
A) 0.13015 amu
B) 0.15404 amu
C) 0.27261 amu
D) 0.27399 amu
Q:
The total binding energies for 3He, 4He, and 6He are 7.72 MeV, 28.29 MeV, and 29.26 MeV respectively. Arrange the 3 isotopes in increasing order of binding energy per nucleon.
A) 3He < 4He < 6He
B) 6He < 4He < 3He
C) 4He < 3He < 6He
D) 3He < 6He < 4He
Q:
Which of the following isotopes is the least stable?
A) 7Be, 5.37 MeV/nucleon
B) 23Na, 8.11 MeV/nucleon
C) 94Zr, 8.67 MeV/nucleon
D) 240Pu, 7.26 MeV/nucleon
Q:
Which of the following isotopes is the most stable?
A) 6He, 4.89 MeV/nucleon
B) 20Ne, 8.03 MeV/nucleon
C) 28Si, 8.44 MeV/nucleon
D) 232Th, 7.62 MeV/nucleon
Q:
A binding energy curve is a plot of binding energy per nucleon versus atomic number. In what region of the binding energy curve are the most stable elements found?
A) in the lower left region (low atomic mass)
B) in the central top region (moderate atomic mass)
C) in the lower right region (heavy atomic mass)
D) binding energy is not dependent on atomic mass
Q:
If the mass of one neutron is 1.00866 amu, the mass of one proton is 1.00728 amu, and the mass of 131I nucleus is 130.8342 amu, calculate the binding energy for the 131I nucleus.
A) 8.749 MeV/nucleon
B) 4.703 MeV/nucleon
C) 8.402 MeV/nucleon
D) 4.612 MeV/nucleon
Q:
If the mass of one neutron is 1.00866 amu, the mass of one proton is 1.00728 amu, and the mass of 137Cs nucleus is 136.8316 amu, calculate the binding energy for the 137Cs nucleus.
A) 8.719 MeV/nucleon
B) 4.831 MeV/nucleon
C) 8.442 MeV/nucleon
D) 4.688 MeV/nucleon
Q:
Which of the following nuclei has the highest binding energy per nucleon?
A) Fe
B) K
C) Au
D) O
Q:
The binding energy is defined as
A) the amount of energy absorbed when electrons are added to an ion.
B) the amount of energy absorbed when protons and neutrons form a nucleus.
C) the amount of energy released when electrons are removed from the atom.
D) the amount of energy required to break apart a nucleus into individual protons and neutrons.
Q:
The sum of the masses of the protons and neutrons in a given nucleus minus the mass of that nucleus is always
A) negative.
B) positive.
C) temperature dependent.
D) zero.
Q:
Mass defect is the mass lost when
A) an atom is formed from individual protons, neutrons, and electrons.
B) a nucleus is formed from individual protons and neutrons.
C) electrons are removed from an atom.
D) electrons are added to an atom.
Q:
When Rn decays in a 5-step series the product is Pb. How many alpha and beta particles are emitted in the decay series?A) 2 , 3 -B) 3 , 2 -C) 4 , 1 -D) 1 , 4 -
Q:
What nuclide is formed when U undergoes a portion of the decay series: alpha, beta, beta, alpha, alpha, alpha.
A) Ra
B) Rn
C) Th
D) Pb
Q:
Which of the following nuclides is most likely to decay by electron capture?
A) Hg
B) Hg
C) Hg
D) Hg
Q:
Which of the following nuclides is most likely to undergo beta decay?
A) Hg
B) Hg
C) Hg
D) Hg
Q:
A radioisotope which is neutron poor and very heavy is most likely to decay by
A) alpha emission, electron capture, or positron emission.
B) only alpha emission.
C) only electron capture.
D) only positron emission.
Q:
A radioisotope has a neutron/proton ratio which is too low. Which of the following processes will not occur for such a nucleus?
A) alpha emission
B) beta emission
C) electron capture
D) positron emission
Q:
Which process decreases the neutron/proton ratio?
A) alpha emission
B) beta emission
C) electron capture
D) positron emission
Q:
Which of the following elements would be expected to be particularly stable?
A) Ca
B) K
C) Ar
D) Cl
Q:
Which of the following elements would you expect to have the largest number of stable isotopes? Element number:
A) 48
B) 49
C) 50
D) 51
Q:
Which one of the following combinations of neutrons/protons results in the lowest number of nonradioactive (stable) isotopes?
A) even number protons/even number neutrons
B) even number protons/odd number neutrons
C) odd number protons/even number neutrons
D) odd number protons/odd number neutrons
Q:
Which one of the following statements about isotopes is false?
A) The ratio of neutrons to protons is about 1:1 for elements lighter than Ca.
B) The ratio of neutrons to protons is > 1:1 for elements heavier than Ca.
C) Nonradioactive isotopes generally have an odd number of neutrons.
D) All isotopes beyond 209Bi are radioactive.
Q:
As the atomic number of the elements increases, the ratio of neutrons to protons in stable nuclei
A) decreases.
B) stays the same.
C) increases.
D) is unrelated to stability.
Q:
Which is the only element that contains more protons than neutrons in its most abundant stable isotope?
A) boron
B) carbon
C) hydrogen
D) mercury
Q:
When more than 3600 known nuclides are plotted on a neutron/proton grid they make up a group called
A) the "island of stability."
B) the "peninsula of nuclear stability."
C) the "sea of instability."
D) none of these
Q:
Because nanoparticles have a larger percentage of atoms on the surface of the nanoparticle than on the surface of bulk material, nanoparticles have ________ melting points and ________ chemical reactivity than the bulk material.
Q:
Composite materials can be classified as ceramic-ceramic, ceramic-metal, or ceramic-polymer. Boron nitride/epoxy is classified as ________.
Q:
Nonoxide ceramics include silicon nitride, the formula of which is ________.
Q:
The wavelength of light emitted by the GaP0.40As0.60 LED, which has a band gap of 181 kJ/mol, is ________ nm.
Q:
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) used in automobile brake lights illuminate 200 milliseconds faster than conventional incandescent brake lights. The faster illumination gives the driver of a trailing car an additional stopping distance of ________ feet at 55 mph.
Q:
Tin exists in two forms: gray tin and white tin. The electrical conductivity of gray tin increases with an increase in temperature, whereas the electrical conductivity of white tin decreases with an increase in temperature. The form of tin that is a semiconductor is ________ tin.
Q:
According to band theory, the element having all of its bonding molecular orbitals filled and all of its antibonding orbitals empty in the 4s-3d composite band is ________.
Q:
During the production of iron, the formation of CaSiO3 (slag) from the reaction of CaO (lime) and SiO2 (sand), shown below, facilitates the separation of the iron from the gangue.CaO(s) + SiO2(s) -> CaSiO3(l)In this reaction the acidic oxide is ________ and the basic oxide is ________.
Q:
The balanced chemical equation for the production of silver by roasting of its sulfide is ________.
Q:
The principal source of chromium is chromite, FeCr2O4 in which chromium has an oxidation state of ________ and iron has an oxidation state of ________.
Q:
Which one of the following is an electrical insulator?A) phosphorusB) platinumC) potassiumD) ruthenium
Q:
Which element has the smallest energy band gap?
A) B
B) I
C) K
D) S
Q:
Which one of the following metals is expected to have the highest melting point?
A) La
B) Nb
C) Hg
D) Pd
Q:
Which substance is the best conductor of electricity?
A) arsenic
B) boron
C) silver
D) tellurium
Q:
Which schematic best represents the electrical resistance versus temperature curve for a superconductor?A) AB) BC) CD) none of these
Q:
Which picture (1)-(4) shows the electron populations when the silicon is doped with arsenic?
A) picture (1)
B) picture (2)
C) picture (3)
D) picture (4)
Q:
Picture (1) shows the electron populations of the bands of MO energy levels for elementary silicon.Which picture (1)-(4) shows the electron populations when the silicon is doped with gallium?A) picture (1)B) picture (2)C) picture (3)D) picture (4)
Q:
Which picture represents an n-type Si semiconductor?A) picture (A)B) picture (B)C) both picture (A) and picture (B)D) neither picture (A) nor picture (B)
Q:
Which picture represents a p-type Si semiconductor?A) picture (A)B) picture (B)C) both picture (A) and picture (B)D) neither picture (A) nor picture (B)
Q:
In this picture the valence band is given by letter(s)A) a.B) b.C) c.D) a and b.
Q:
In this picture the conduction band is given by letter(s)
A) a.
B) b.
C) c.
D) a and b.
Q:
The following picture shows the electron populations of the bands of MO energy levels for elementary silicon.In this picture the band gap is given by letter(s)A) a.B) b.C) c.D) a and b.
Q:
Which picture corresponds to Cd?A) picture (1)B) picture (2)C) picture (3)D) picture (4)
Q:
Which picture corresponds to Ag?
A) picture (1)
B) picture (2)
C) picture (3)
D) picture (4)
Q:
Which picture corresponds to Mo?
A) picture (1)
B) picture (2)
C) picture (3)
D) picture (4)
Q:
The following pictures show the electron populations of the composite s - d bands for Y, Mo, Ag, and Cd.Which picture corresponds to Y?A) picture (1)B) picture (2)C) picture (3)D) picture (4)
Q:
Which picture corresponds to Zn?A) picture (1)B) picture (2)C) picture (3)D) picture (4)
Q:
Which picture corresponds to V?
A) picture (1)
B) picture (2)
C) picture (3)
D) picture (4)
Q:
Which picture corresponds to Ti?
A) picture (1)
B) picture (2)
C) picture (3)
D) picture (4)
Q:
The following pictures show the electron populations of the composite s-d bands for Sc, Ti, V, and Zn.Which picture corresponds to Sc?A) picture (1)B) picture (2)C) picture (3)D) picture (4)
Q:
Which is the hardest metal?A) metal (1)B) metal (2)C) metal (3)D) metal (4)
Q:
Which metal has the lowest melting point?
A) metal (1)
B) metal (2)
C) metal (3)
D) metal (4)
Q:
The following pictures show the electron populations of the composite s-d bands for four different transition metals.Which metal has the highest melting point?A) metal (1)B) metal (2)C) metal (3)D) metal (4)
Q:
Which of these materials has an electrical conductivity that remains constant with an increase in temperature?A) material (1)B) material (2)C) material (3)D) material (4)
Q:
Which of these materials has an electrical conductivity that decreases with an increase in temperature?
A) material (1)
B) material (2)
C) material (3)
D) material (4)
Q:
Which of these materials has an electrical conductivity that increases with an increase in temperature?
A) materials (1) and (2)
B) materials (1) and (4)
C) materials (2) and (3)
D) materials (3) and (4)
Q:
Which of these materials has the lowest electrical conductivity?
A) material (1)
B) material (2)
C) material (3)
D) material (4)
Q:
Which of these materials has the highest electrical conductivity?
A) material (1)
B) material (2)
C) material (3)
D) material (4)
Q:
Which of these materials is a semiconductor?
A) materials (1) and (2)
B) materials (1) and (4)
C) materials (2) and (3)
D) materials (3) and (4)
Q:
Which of these materials is a metal?
A) material (1)
B) material (2)
C) material (3)
D) material (4)
Q:
The following pictures show the electron population of the bands of MO energy levels for four different materials.Which of these materials is an insulator?A) material (1)B) material (2)C) material (3)D) material (4)
Q:
Which diagram describes the molecular orbital picture for the species Na6?A) diagram (4)B) diagram (5)C) diagram (6)D) diagram (7)
Q:
Use the picture below to answer the following questions.What diagram would describe the molecular orbital picture for the species Na4?A) diagram (1)B) diagram (2)C) diagram (3)D) diagram (4)
Q:
Which of these elements is likely to be extracted from its ore by electrolysis?A) element AB) element BC) element CD) element D
Q:
Which of these elements is likely to be extracted from its ore by chemical reduction of a metal oxide?
A) element A
B) element B
C) element C
D) element D
Q:
Which of these elements is likely to be extracted from its ore by roasting of a metal sulfide?
A) element A
B) element B
C) element C
D) element D
Q:
Which of these elements is likely to be found in nature as an oxide?
A) element A
B) element B
C) element C
D) element D
Q:
Which of these elements is likely to be found in nature as a sulfide?
A) element A
B) element B
C) element C
D) element D