Q&A Hero

Q: A(n) ________ signal is a continuously varying electromagnetic wave that may be propagated over a variety of media, depending on spectrum. Examples are wire media and fiber optic cable. A) digital B) periodic C) aperiodic D) analog

Q: A guided transmission medium is ________ if it provides a direct link between two devices and those are the only two devices sharing the medium. A) multipoint B) simplex C) point-to-point D) wireless

Q: The term ________ is used to refer to the transmission path between two devices in which signals propagate directly from transmitter to receiver with no intermediate devices other than amplifiers or repeaters used to increase signal strength. A) direct link B) unguided media C) wireless D) guided

Q: In ________ transmission signals are transmitted in only one direction; one station is the transmitter and the other is the receiver. A) half duplex B) simplex C) full duplex D) multipoint

Q: A key parameter that characterizes any electromagnetic signal is ________, which is the width of the range of frequencies that comprises the signal. A) analog B) wavelength C) bandwidth D) digital

Q: Delay distortion occurs because the velocity of propagation of a signal through a guided medium varies with frequency.

Q: An analog signal can be transmitted only a limited distance before attenuation, noise, and other impairments endanger the integrityof the data.

Q: The advantages of digital signaling are that it is generally cheaper than analog signaling and is less susceptible to noise interference.

Q: A familiar example of analog data is audio, which, in the form of acoustic sound waves, can be perceived directly by human beings.

Q: There is not a direct relationship between data rate and bandwidth.

Q: For any given medium, the greater the bandwidth transmitted, the greater the cost.

Q: Analog signals suffer more from attenuation than do digital signals.

Q: The sine wave is the fundamental aperiodic signal.

Q: The frequency is the rate at which the signal repeats.

Q: A digital signal is one in which the signal intensity maintains a constant level for some period of time and then abruptly changes to another constant level.

Q: In full-duplex operation both stations may transmit, but only one at a time.

Q: A major problem in designing a communications facility is transmission impairment.

Q: Guided media, also called wireless, provide a physical means for guiding electromagnetic waves through seawater.

Q: The greater the bandwidth of the signal the greater its information carrying capacity.

Q: Only digital signals can be used to convey information in the communications environment.

Q: IPv6 includes ________ bit source and destination address fields.

Q: The two commonly used transport level protocols used as part of the TCP/IP protocol suite are TCP and ________.

Q: The standard network management protocol for TCP/IP networks is ________.

Q: ________ is when the sending TCP includes a code that is a function of the contents of the remainder of the segment. The receiving TCP performs the same calculation and compares the result with the incoming code. A discrepancy results if there has been some error in transmission.

Q: In the TCP/IP architecture constituent networks are referred to as ________.

Q: The addiction of control information to data is referred to as ________.

Q: Each application on a computer has an address that is unique within that computer known as ________ or ports that allow the transport layer to support multiple applications at each computer.

Q: If the initiator receives confirmation that the requested service has had the desired effect at the other end, it is referred to as a ________ service.

Q: The services between adjacent layers in a protocol architecture are expressed in terms of ________ and parameters.

Q: ________ provides a secure remote logon capability which enables a user at a terminal or personal computer to logon to a remote computer function as if directly connected to that computer.

Q: Databases, information kiosks, hypertexts, electronic books, and multimedia expert systems are examples of multimedia ________ systems.

Q: Traffic that can adjust to changes in delay and throughput across an internet and still meet the needs of its applications is ________ traffic.

Q: In the TCP/IP protocol architecture, the ________ layer is concerned with specifying the characteristics of the transmission medium, the nature of the signals and the data rate.

Q: The most widely used protocol architecture is the ________ protocol suite, which consists of physical, network access, internet, transport, and application layers.

Q: A ________ is the layered structure of hardware and software that supports the exchange of data between systems and supports distributed applications such as electronic mail and file transfer.

Q: Computer games, multiplayer network games, infotainment, and interactive audio visual productions are examples of applications in the _________ domain of multimedia systems. A) information management B) information publishing C) telecommunication D) entertainment

Q: The communication task can be organized into three relatively independent layers: network access layer, application layer, and ________ layer. A) transport B) media C) physical D) processing

Q: Electronic mail, remote logon, network management and Web access are examples of ________ applications. A) elastic B) real-time C) file transfer D) transport

Q: ________ provides a basic electronic mail transport facility. A) TELNET B) SNMP C) UDP D) SMTP

Q: The header format for TCP is a minimum of ________ octets. A) 16 B) 8 C) 20 D) 160

Q: Information that can be entered via a keyboard and is directly readable and printable is ________. A) audio B) graphic C) video D) text

Q: The primitive issued by a service provider to either indicate that a procedure has been invoked by the peer service user on the connection and to provide the associated parameters or notify the service user of a provider initiated action is ________. A) request B) confirm C) indication D) response

Q: Human-computer interaction involving text, graphics, voice and video is _____. A) elastic traffic B) multimedia C) information delivery D) media

Q: An example of ________ traffic is real time traffic such as voice and video. A) delay variation B) elastic C) multimedia information D) inelastic

Q: The ________ layer is concerned with the exchange of data between an end system and the network to which it is attached. A) internet B) physical C) host-to-host D) network access

Q: The ________ protocol architecture is a result of protocol research and development conducted on the experimental packet switched network ARPANET. A) internet B) physical C) host-to-host D) network access

Q: The key features of a protocol are: syntax, semantics and ________. A) presentation B) timing C) network access D) peer layering

Q: The ________ layer contains the logic needed to support the various user applications. A) internet B) physical C) transport D) application

Q: Facsimile, computer aided design, publishing and medical imaging are all ________ based applications. A) text B) image C) video D) audio

Q: In a ________ the modules are arranged in a vertical stack. Each layer in the stack performs a related subset of the functions required to communicate with another system. A) protocol architecture B) NSP C) protocol data unit D) frame relay

Q: In the application layer of TCP/IP, for each different type of application, a separate module is needed that is peculiar to that application.

Q: TCP numbers the segments that it sends to a particular destination port sequentially.

Q: It is not necessary for each host on a subnet to have an unique global internet address.

Q: The driving force behind the development of IP was the need for more addresses.

Q: Distributed data communications can be said to involve three agents: applications, computers, and networks.

Q: Secure Shell (SSH) enables the user and the remote server to authenticate each other.

Q: FTP provides a basic electronic mail transport facility.

Q: Traffic on a network or internet can be divided into two broad categories: elastic and inelastic.

Q: The software used at the network access layer is not dependent on the type of network used because circuit switching, packet switching and local area networks all have the same standards.

Q: VoIP, streaming audio, and streaming video are not considered multimedia applications because each involves a single media type.

Q: For most applications running as part of the TCP/IP protocol architecture, the transport layer protocol is TCP.

Q: The primary function of a gateway is to relay data from one network to the other on its route from the source to the destination end system.

Q: Procedures needed to allow data to traverse multiple interconnected networks is found in the internet layer of the TCP/IP protocol architecture.

Q: The OSI protocol architecture consists of five layers: physical, network access, internet, transport and application.

Q: Each protocol provides a set of rules for the exchange of data between systems.

Q: Each IP packet includes an unique numeric address of the destination host. This address is referred to as an ________.

Q: Communicating across arbitrary, multiple, packet-switched networks is ________.

Q: The Internet evolved from the ________ which was developed in 1969 by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense.

Q: ________ networks provide advantages in the areas of mobility and ease of installation and configuration.

Q: Using fixed length packets and sometimes referred to as cell relay, ________ is a culmination of developments in circuit switching and packet switching. It is so efficient that it can offer a constant data rate channel even though it is using a packet switching technique.

Q: Networks that generally cover a large geographical area, require the crossing of public right-of-ways, consist of a number of interconnected switching nodes, and rely on circuits provided by a common carrier are ________.

Q: ________ is the process of squeezing the data down so that a lower capacity, cheaper transmission facility can be used to meet a given demand.

Q: __________ is required to assure that the source does not overwhelm the destination by sending data faster than they can be processed and absorbed.

Q: There is a potential for error in all communication systems, therefore, _________ and correction are required in circumstances where errors cannot be tolerated.

Q: The need to make efficient use of transmission facilities that are typically shared among a number of communicating devices is referred to as ________.

Q: An ________ extends a company's intranet out onto the Internet to allow selected customers, suppliers, and mobile workers to access the company's private data and applications.

Q: ________ involves moving voice into a data infrastructure, integrating all the voice and data networks inside a user organization into a single data network infrastructure, and then extending that into the wireless arena.

Q: Recent offerings of ________ multiplexing enable capacities of many terabits per second for long-distance telecommunication and data network links.

Q: Today's networks can offer differing levels of ________, which include specifications for maximum delay and minimum throughput.

Q: Three different forces have consistently driven the architecture and evolution of data communications and networking facilities: traffic growth, development of new services, and ________.