Q&A Hero

Q: Pathos refers to emotional appeals such as fear and compassion.

Q: "A good education is the key to success" is an example of identity scripts.

Q: Ethos is generally the most important consideration when constructing a reasoned argument.

Q: Individualism is a key value in Western cultures.

Q: Reasoned persuasion refers to speakers that persistently interrupt and always insist on the last word.

Q: Proof by logos centers upon the use of logical reasoning in support of persuasive messages.

Q: Fathers are more likely than mothers to specialize in protecting children and emotionally reassuring them.

Q: Teachers, peers, and family members are all examples of particular others.

Q: Direct definitions, self-fulfilling prophecies, attachment styles, and identity scripts are all family influences on self-concept.

Q: Supporting materials are the most important proofs in the persuasive process.

Q: Experts who testify against their own apparent interests are called straw man advocates.

Q: Proof by pathos is especially important to moving audiences to action.

Q: Fearfully attached individuals tend to feel less hope, disclose less, and experience less satisfaction with relationships than people with other attachment styles.

Q: Speakers can best enhance their ethos by citing lay testimony.

Q: Most psychologists believe that the basic identify scripts for our lives are formed before we even learn to talk.

Q: The attachment style an infant develops can change over the course of life.

Q: Manipulative persuasion circumvents the ethical burden of reasoning by over-relying on glitzy images, sound bites, and attractive spokespersons.

Q: The self is constant.

Q: A speech engaging opposing views would most likely follow what persuasive speech design? a. refutative b. comparative c. problem solution d. motivated sequence

Q: Mothers are more likely than fathers to challenge children and encourage them to achieve more.

Q: A refutative speech design includes all of the following except a. state point to refute. b. present evidence. c. explain significance. d. establish character.

Q: The self has multiple dimensions.

Q: All of the following are advice for ethical argumentation except a. supplement appeals to pathos with reasoning and evidence. b. keep an open mind while researching your topics. c. do not argue a position when there are opposing views. d. do not allow appeals to mythos to degenerate into intolerance.

Q: This type of attachment are individuals tend to feel less hope, disclose less, and experience less satisfaction with relationships than people with other attachment styles. a. fearful b. anxious/ambivalent c. secure d. dismissive e. unknown

Q: All of the following are guidelines for the ethical use of persuasive evidence except a. acknowledge disagreement among experts. b. do not withhold or distort important evidence. c. do not use evidence just to support your position. d. use evidence that can be verified by experts.

Q: What form of persuasive evidence is used when opponents of the Affordable Care Act (a.k.a., "Obamacare") cite prominent supporters of the act acknowledging problems with its implementation?a. prestige testimonyb. reasoning from principlec. reluctant witnessd. begging the question

Q: The ____ area consists of your untapped resources, your untried talents, and your reactions to experiences you've never had. You don't know how you will manage a crisis until you've been in one, and you can't tell what kind of parent you would be unless you've had a child. a. blind b. open c. hidden d. known e. unknown

Q: An example of this area could be when others may see that we are insecure even though we think we've hidden that well. Others may also recognize needs or feelings that we haven't acknowledged to ourselves. a. blind b. open c. hidden d. known e. unknown

Q: According to your text, the author states that it is important to gain access to information in our blind and ____ areas a. blind b. open c. hidden d. known e. unknown

Q: Proof by _____ is especially useful for moving audiences to action. a. pathos b. logos c. mythos d. ethos

Q: What kind of reasoning is most reflected by signs carried by Civil Rights activists declaring "I Am a Man"? a. proof by pathos b. definition of central concepts c. argument ad hominem d. reasoning from parallel cases

Q: The ____ area is made up of information about ourselves that neither we nor others know. a. blind b. open c. hidden d. known e. unknown

Q: ____ information is known both to us and to others. Your name, height, major, and tastes in music probably are open information that you share easily with others. a. blind b. open c. hidden d. known e. unknown

Q: What form of proof is invoked when you cite your own expert credentials? a. pathos b. mythos c. logos d. ethos

Q: What kind of reasoning works primarily from observation? a. deductive b. syllogistic c. inductive d. analogical

Q: By syllogism, we mean a. an inductive argument that reasons from observation. b. a deductive argument that reasons from shared principles. c. defending policy positions through historic analogies. d. a fallacy that proceeds from lack of evidence.

Q: ____ information is what we know about ourselves but choose not to reveal to most others. a. open b. blind c. hidden d. known e. unknown

Q: What kind of reasoning is best reflected by the statement, "War is always wrong. Therefore, I opposed the war in Iraq." a. analogical b. deductive c. from sign d. inductive

Q: The ____ area contains information that others know about us but we don't know about ourselves. a. open b. blind c. hidden d. known e. unknown

Q: All of the following are panes of Johari Window EXCEPT: a. open b. blind c. hidden d. known e. unknown

Q: Which type of proof is most associated with invoking traditional narratives and values? a. straw man b. ethos c. inductive d. mythos

Q: What fallacy has been employed when speakers make persuasive claims that simply do not follow their reasoning and evidence? a. overstating the case b. post hoc c. red herring d. non sequitur

Q: All of the following are risks to self-disclosing communication except: a. others may reject us b. others may think less of us c. others may violate our confidences d. others may increase closeness with us e. none of these

Q: Reasoned persuasion relies most heavily on which form of proof? a. ethos b. logos c. evidence d. pathos

Q: Stanton is giving a speech for the first time. He thinks he is doing well, but his audience can tell that he is very insecure and nervous. This example can be categorized into which part of the Johari window. a. Open area b. Blind area c. Hidden area d. unknown area e. Deceptive area

Q: Before an audience opposed to health care reform, Jane praises President Obama for supporting health care reform without arguing for or defending its merits. Given her audience, she is likely guilty of which of the following fallacies? a. ad hominem b. the myth of the mean c. post hoc d. begging the question

Q: Nikki believes that she is lovable and that people are loving and can be trusted. Nikki has a(n) ____ attachment style. a. secure b. fearful c. dismissive d. anxious-ambivalent e. none of these

Q: In a study of both different and same sex couples, researchers found that couples in which both partners had __ attachment styles had the most mutually constructive communication. a. anxious/ambivalent b. fearful c. secure d. none of these e. all of these

Q: What type of fallacy occurs when we change the subject or simply ignore the issue at hand? a. non sequitur b. ad hominem c. red herring d. slippery slope

Q: What kind of fallacy are we guilty of when we misstate opposing views in a manner that makes them easier to discredit? a. post hoc b. straw man c. shaky principle d. ad hominem

Q: When Julie argues that we should not listen to Jerome's ideas for immigration reform because, "He's just a right-wing idiot!" she is probably guilty of what persuasive fallacy? a. begging the question b. confusing fact with opinion c. ad hominem d. straw man

Q: What kind of reasoning is best reflected by comparing the current "war on drugs" to the prohibition of alcohol during the early twentieth century? a. analogical b. inductive c. deductive d. ad hominem

Q: The fact that effective public speaking almost always impresses audiences best reflects what form of credibility discussed in your text? a. evolving b. emerging c. initial d. terminal

Q: _____ circumvents the ethical burden or persuasive justification by over-relying on baseless appeals. a. Post hoc persuasion b. Manipulative persuasion c. Argumentative persuasion d. Sensationalist persuasion

Q: Reasoned persuasion emphasizes a. effective use of creative suggestion. b. the responsible use of evidence and proofs. c. colorful images and attractive spokespersons. d. all of the above are true of argumentative persuasion.

Q: The integration stage of persuasion emphasizes the importance of reconciling persuasive messages with the previous beliefs and values of audience members.

Q: Emotional appeals are less appropriate with persuasive than informative speaking.

Q: Psychologists define ____ as rules for living and identity. a. attachment styles b. identity scripts c. reflected appraisals d. social comparison e. none of these

Q: Girls and women are expected to be caring, whereas boys and men are expected to be a. independent b. supportive c. cooperative d. self-assertive e. both independent and self-assertive

Q: A multisided presentation is more important when audiences already agree with a speaker's thesis.

Q: Ethical considerations are considerably less important to the extent a speaker's audience is not well-informed.

Q: Many scholars argue that race: a. can be determined scientifically through DNA testing. b. is a valid means of defining individual and group identities. c. is a socially constructed category. d. explains differences in scores on intelligence tests. e. is easy to measure.

Q: It is especially important for persuasive speakers to consider the credibility of important information offered in support of their claims.

Q: A key foundation for improving your self-concept is: a. setting difficult goals to attain. b. recognizing that the self is easy to transform. c. keeping ideas about change vague and abstract. d. knowing that you're the best you can be. e. accepting the self as in process.

Q: The boomerang effect refers to how audiences might interpret evidence presented in multiple ways.

Q: All of the following are guidelines for improving self-concept except: a. make a firm commitment to personal growth b. gain and use knowledge to support personal growth c. set goals that are realistic and fair d. seek contexts that support personal change e. make a social comparisons.

Q: The term ____, also called the looking-glass self, is based on Charles Cooley's poem. a. reflected appraisal b. direct definition c. identity script d. self-fulfilling prophecy e. social comparison

Q: Reasoning from common ground or areas of agreement is crucial to a co-active approach to persuasion.

Q: Efforts to encourage your audience to "take action" are an important part of the agreement phase of persuasive communication.

Q: A problem-solution speech would be best suited for arguing against proposed attempts to rezone your neighborhood.

Q: Ego boundaries refer to: a. ways we satisfy our needs for belonging. b. where an individual stops and the rest of the world begins. c. social standpoints such as race, class, and gender. d. parenting patterns that teach us who we are and how to approach relationships. e. communication styles we use in our relationships with others.

Q: ____ were the first to use the term "white" to describe a racial group in the area that is now the United States. a. Europeans when they colonized the United States b. Native Americans when they first encountered white people c. Slave owners in the eighteenth century d. Africans in the eighteenth century when they were brought to the U.S. e. Historians writing in the nineteenth century

Q: Cognitive dissonance refers to the state of mind of some listeners who refuse to listen regardless of the facts.

Q: A persuasive speech addressing facts would be most appropriate to convince your audience that James Earl Ray acted alone when he assassinated Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Q: Jenna believes that she doesn't have an aptitude for statistics, so doesn't put much effort into her statistics class. She performs poorly in the class, supporting her initial belief. This is an example of a(n): a. reflected appraisal. b. direct definition. c. identity script. d. self-fulfilling prophecy. e. social comparison.

Q: A delayed reaction to persuasive speeches is called the inoculation effect.

Q: Irene observes that on the most-recent test in her engineering class, only two students out of 60 earned higher scores than she did. She concludes that she is smarter than most of the others in class, at least in the subject of engineering. This is an example of a(n): a. reflected appraisal. b. direct definition. c. identity script. d. self-fulfilling prophecy. e. social comparison.

Q: The views of ____ comprise the generalized other. a. our family of origin b. society as a whole c. our peers in school d. a person with whom we have an I-It relationship e. the persons with whom we have the closest relationships

Q: A multisided presentation is particularly important when seeking to persuade a skeptical audience.

Q: Listeners who accept a persuasive argument experience what experts call the boomerang effect.