Q&A Hero

Q: Members of his project group at work consistently comment on Ervin's excellent performance as team leader. Ervin begins to view himself as an effective leader and considers moving into a higher level management position. The process through which Ervin developed this sense of self at work is called: a. reflected appraisal. b. direct definition. c. identity script. d. self-fulfilling prophecy. e. social comparison.

Q: A co-active approach to persuasion emphasizes the importance of attacking opposing views as wrong

Q: Edmund is very attentive and supportive to his son Mylan when he is sober, but when Edmund drinks he often ignores his son and sometimes verbally abuses him. Mylan never knows which way his father will act. If the father is Mylan's primary care giver, Mylan is likely to develop which attachment style? a. fearful b. secure c. anxious-ambivalent d. dismissive e. defensive

Q: The perspectives of the ____ other reflect the views generally held by others in a society. a. emotional b. generalized c. moral d. physical e. social

Q: "You are a very smart girl," Tammy tells her daughter. Tammy's statement is an example of a(n): a. reflected appraisal. b. direct definition. c. identity script. d. self-fulfilling prophecy. e. social comparison.

Q: Agreement entails a lasting commitment between speaker and listener.

Q: Speakers can make listeners more resistant to the later attempts at counter-persuasion by raising and refuting opposing views.

Q: Strongly held attitudes and feelings are typically grounded in core values.

Q: Attachment styles are: a. ways we satisfy our needs for belonging. b. where an individual stops and the rest of the world begins. c. social standpoints such as race, class, and gender. d. parenting patterns that teach us who we are and how to approach relationships. e. communication styles we use in our relationships with others.

Q: Speakers addressing reluctant audiences should open by addressing areas of agreement.

Q: Describe the four kinds of noise and give examples of each kind of noise.

Q: Persuasive speaking differs from informative speaking in all of the following ways except a. it entails greater audience commitment. b. it goes beyond revealing options to urging choices. c. emotional appeals are less appropriate. d. it goes beyond teaching to advocacy.

Q: The author of your textbook states that interpersonal communication involves ethical choices. Define ethics and explain why interpersonal communication involves ethical choices, especially in relation to other interpersonal communication principles.

Q: When addressing reluctant audiences, persuasive speakers should a. start with areas of agreement. b. emphasize explanation over argument. c. make a multisided presentation. d. all of the above.

Q: Abraham Maslow identified five human needs. The author of your textbook added a sixth need. Identify this sixth need and explain why this need is important to life in a diverse society.

Q: Choose three of the communication principles stated in the text. Use personal experiences to explain why you agree or disagree with them.

Q: How can you best avoid the great expectation fallacy? a. do not underestimate your audiences' intelligence b. avoid directly stating your position c. set modest goals for persuading your audience d. watch out for self-fulfilling prophecies

Q: Your text discusses which of the following strategies for moving audiences from agreement to action? a. demonstrate the need for audience involvement b. use emotional appeals to involve your audience c. provide specific instruction for getting involved d. all of the above strategies are discussed

Q: What are some guidelines for interpersonal communication competence?

Q: What is a delayed reaction to persuasion called? a. inoculation b. sleeper effect c. emergent persuasion d. a self-fulfilling prophecy

Q: Briefly describe each of the three models of communication discussed in the text and identify the strengths and limitations of each model.

Q: Define the relational level of meaning in interpersonal communication. Describe and provide an example of each dimension of relational-level meanings.

Q: Engaging and refuting opposing positions before audiences that already agree with us in order to make them more resistant to later counter-persuasion is referred to as a. co-active reasoning. b. syllogistic reasoning. c. inoculation. d. a barrier effect.

Q: Compare and contrast what happens in one of your I-You relationships with what happens in one of your I-Thou relationships.

Q: Addressing a group of concerned Christians in support of pornography, Bill argues that "religious fanaticism is a threat to freedom." Not surprisingly, his audience members come away more opposed to pornography than ever. Bill has just experienced what persuasive phenomenon? a. a sleeper effect b. a boomerang effect c. the great expectation fallacy d. refutative persuasion

Q: Write out the textbook definition of interpersonal communication. Using a personal example, explain the various parts of the definition.

Q: At the deepest level, interpersonal communication involves engaging others as individuals who are unlike anyone else.

Q: A _____ approach to persuasion engages generic questions a thoughtful audience will likely ask before agreeing to a change in policy or procedure. a. stock issues b. co-active c. refutative d. motivated sequence

Q: Your text offers all of the following advice for removing barriers to commitment among undecided listeners except a. provided needed information in the minds of listeners. b. emphasize the importance of your message by reaffirming shared values. c. strengthen your credibility by reasoning constructively and citing reputable sources. d. all of the above advice is offered.

Q: A speech encouraging students to recycle would most likely follow what persuasive speech design? a. refutative b. causation c. problem"solution d. demonstration

Q: Physical noise is interference in our environments, such as noises made by others, overly dim or bright lights, spam and pop-up ads, extreme temperatures, and crowded conditions.

Q: Psychological noise refers to qualities in us that affect how we communicate and how we interpret others.

Q: Physiological noise is distraction caused by hunger, fatigue, headaches, medications, and other factors that affect how we feel and think.

Q: Your text offers all of the following strategies for uniting divided audiences except a. invoking shared values and traditions. b. invoking shared problems and challenges. c. providing a concrete first step that listeners can take towards shared action. d. all of the above strategies are discussed.

Q: Speakers should consider all of the following concerns of ethical persuasion except a. am I committing a self-fulfilling prophecy? b. what is my responsibility to my audience? c. could I publicly defend the ethics of my message? d. what does my message say about my character?

Q: What stage of the persuasive process is concerned with making the effects of persuasion lasting? a. retention b. integration c. agreement d. resonance

Q: In I-It communication, we do not acknowledge the humanity of other people; we may not even affirm their existence.

Q: The transactional model recognizes that noise is absent throughout interpersonal communication.

Q: A co-active approach to persuasion is most useful for a. refuting opposing positions. b. engaging reluctant audiences. c. moving audiences from attitude to action. d. cultivating a boomerang effect.

Q: The motivated sequence speech design includes all of the following parts except a. establish a sense of need. b. offer solutions. c. engage opposing views. d. call to action.

Q: The early linear communication models were faultless.

Q: A 2010 national survey of employers reported that 89% of employers consider that college students should focus on learning to communicate effectively, orally, and in writing, in order to be successful professionally.

Q: Emotional appeals are especially important in what stage of the persuasive process? a. understanding b. enactment c. agreement d. integration

Q: The likelihood of meeting the needs Maslow discussed depends on our ability to participate effectively in a very diverse social world.

Q: Which stage in the persuasive process is most associated with consciousness raising? a. integration b. co-active c. understanding d. awareness

Q: What kind of speech would you present to persuade listeners that Oswald acted alone when he assassinated President Kennedy? a. a speech addressing disputed facts b. a speech addressing attitudes and values c. a chronological speech d. a stock issues speech

Q: Nonverbal metacommunication often reinforces verbal communication.

Q: What kind of persuasive speech would you present in support of a disputed tax cut? a. a speech addressing disputed facts b. a problem"solution speech c. a speech advocating action or policy d. a speech of exhortation

Q: The interpersonal needs theory, which asserts that our tendency to create and sustain relationships depends on how well they meet three basic needs, which are affection, inclusion, and pleasure.

Q: William Schutz (1966) developed the interpersonal needs theory.

Q: All of the following are types of persuasive speaking except a. speeches addressing disputed facts. b. speeches addressing attitudes, beliefs, and values. c. speeches addressing the meaning of formal occasions. d. speeches advocating action or policy changes.

Q: Egocentric people cannot take the perspectives of others.

Q: Most how to speeches should follow a sequential design.

Q: Narratives are the most important form of information for workplace briefings.

Q: Humans generally do not focus on higher (more abstract) needs until more basic needs are first met.

Q: The majority of our interactions involve I-It communication.

Q: A speech comparing the first and second Iraq wars would best represent a literal analogy.

Q: According to a nationwide poll, a majority of people perceive communication problems as the number one reason marriages fail.

Q: A figurative analogy compares subjects drawn from the same field of experience.

Q: Online communication provides a context for effectively monitoring our interactions with others.

Q: A categorical speech design breaks a topic into natural or customary divisions.

Q: A sequential speech design moves listeners through space.

Q: The transactional model of interpersonal communication emphasizes the dynamism of interpersonal communication and the multiple roles people assume during the process.

Q: All of our communication involves personal interaction.

Q: Speeches of explanation face few challenges when their information runs counter to generally accepted beliefs.

Q: Most of us take socialization for granted.

Q: The phrase "We Americans are not socialists!" provides an example of creating perspective through contrast.

Q: Presentation aids can be particularly useful with speeches of demonstration.

Q: Love would be placed in which of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? a. Self-actualization b. Safety and Protection Needs c. Belonging Needs d. Self-esteem e. Physical Needs

Q: Effective description relies heavily on the artful use of language.

Q: Sharpay notices that she is the only person who has not spoken in a group conversation. She reminds herself to be involved and to show she's interested in the group's talk, so she speaks up. Sharpay's noticing and changing her communication to be more effective in the situation is an example of: a. irreversibility. b. monitoring. c. person-centeredness. d. systemic thinking. e. content-level meaning.

Q: A speech offering information on a complicated subject, such as a latest approach to cancer treatment, would best be characterized as a speech of explanation.

Q: The author argues that most of us take ____ for granted. a. affection b. content c. belonging d. responsiveness e. socialization

Q: A speech on how to perform CPR would best be characterized as a speech of demonstration.

Q: Intensity in a speech can be enhanced by the use of presentation aids and colorful language use.

Q: According to research discussed in Chapter 1, for intimates, talking about a vision of a shared future a. Is the most powerful ties that link people. b. is uncommon in romantic relationships. c. reveals the "dark side" of the relationships. d. provides a way for partners to communicate in secret code.

Q: Speeches addressing distrustful listeners should rely primarily on illustrative examples and narratives to support their assertions.

Q: Zach says to his friend, "I meant that as a sarcastic remark, not as a comment on you at all." Zach's statement is an example of: a. metacommunication. b. emoticons. c. conveyors. d. illustrators. e. distortion.

Q: Objectivity is usually misleading and hence not relevant to informative speaking.

Q: Symbols such as ;-) or :-( are called ____ and are used to convey inflection and nonverbal features of communication. a. metacommunication b. emoticons c. conveyors d. illustrators e. distortion