Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following speaking styles would be most useful when timing and exact wording are important? a. manuscript b. memorized c. extemporaneous d. impromptu

Q: What is generally considered the most effective speaking style for making brief presentations? a. impromptu b. manuscript c. memorized d. extemporaneous

Q: What should you determine first if you have to give an impromptu speech? a. your main points b. your organizational pattern c. your purpose d. what supporting material to include

Q: What type of speaking is considered "spur of the moment"? a. extemporaneous speaking b. impromptu speaking c. manuscript speaking d. spontaneous speaking

Q: All of the following are ways to communicate with "body language" except a. figurative language use. b. eye contact and facial expressions. c. movements and gestures. d. dress and personal appearance.

Q: What term is used to describe the connection created between the speaker and the listener as a result of an effective speaking style? a. attitude b. immediacy c. adjustment d. intimacy

Q: All of the following are true of extemporaneous speaking except a. it emphasizes the importance of exact wording. b. it emphasizes audience interaction and eye contact. c. it emphasizes thorough preparation and practice. d. it emphasizes learning to interact with audience feedback.

Q: Which of the following are true of an effective presentation? a. reflects a clear desire to communicate with the audience b. comes across as natural and conversational c. creates a sense of immediacy with the audience d. all of the above are true of an effective presentation

Q: Sentence fragments and slang expressions are sometimes acceptable in speeches.

Q: Oral language is less spontaneous than written language.

Q: Which of the following are true of ethical use of language? a. It should serve to unite, rather than dividing people. b. It should support, rather than substituting for reason. c. It should illuminate, rather than distorting reality. d. All of the above are true of ethical language use.

Q: Your text offers all of the following advice for using metaphors in your speeches excepta. avoid the use of trite or overused metaphors.b. avoid mixing metaphors.c. use metaphors that match the seriousness of your topic and message.d. all of the above advice is offered.

Q: The phrase "lady liberty" best reflects what form of language use discussed in your text? a. personification b. alliteration c. malapropism d. antithesis

Q: What do we call a word that imitates or represents the sensation of noise, smell, flavor, or touch? a. alliteration b. ideograph c. amplification d. onomatopoeia

Q: "Sally sells seashells by the seashore" exemplifies what figure of speech? a. connotation b. antithesis c. alliteration d. parallel construction

Q: "Public speaking is a skill. Public speaking is an art. Public speaking is the essence of democracy" is an example of _____. a. parallel construction b. alliteration c. inversion d. antithesis

Q: When the expected order of words in a sentence or phrase is reversed to make the statement more memorable, what is the speaker using? a. antithesis b. inversion c. parallel construction d. alliteration

Q: When John F. Kennedy exhorted, "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country," he used what powerful form of figurative language? a. balancing b. parallel construction c. antithesis d. amplification

Q: Words like "freedom" and "equality" that condense and express widely shared political beliefs are called a. metaphors. b. non sequiturs. c. amplification. d. ideographs.

Q: What is the statement "She stuck to him like glue" an example of? a. simile b. personification c. maxim d. ideograph

Q: What do we call phrases such as "Obamacare" that create a new meaning by combining existing terms? a. slang b. neologism c. doublespeak d. alliteration

Q: Images of "family," "light and darkness," and "stormy seas" are all examples of _____. a. cultural ideographs b. strategic rhetoric c. enduring metaphors d. literal analogies

Q: What is a popular phrase like "silence is golden" called? a. a maxim b. an ideograph c. an old saying d. a simile

Q: The politician who argued against locating a "nuclear waste suppository" in his backyard was probably guilty of a. alliteration. b. malapropism. c. abuse of pathos. d. marking.

Q: Which of the following terms is most concrete? a. creature b. mammal c. dog d. my dog Jake

Q: Which of the following terms is most abstract? a. creature b. mammal c. dog d. my dog Jake

Q: Why would someone use doublespeak? a. to emphasize and amplify key ideas b. to clarify and focus key ideas c. to confuse and mislead audiences d. for emotional effect

Q: When Martin Luther King, Jr. likened the Civil Rights struggle to cashing a "check" at the "bank" of American justice, he was engaging what figure of effective language use? a. slang b. metaphor c. antithesis d. rhetoric

Q: What is another word for the emotional intensity or vividness of language? a. correctness b. cultural sensitivity c. color d. conciseness

Q: _____ refers to technical language related to a specific field that may be incomprehensible to most listeners. a. Neologisms b. Euphemisms c. Ideographs d. Jargon

Q: Using words precisely and simply is an example of which of the six C's of oral language? a. clarity b. cultural sensitivity c. concreteness d. colorfulness

Q: Despite the variety in how researchers might write their qualitative research reports, the one thing that must be included is: A.when the fieldwork was conducted. B.the extent of the researcher's involvement in the field. C.steps used to analyze the data. D.to what extent data were triangulated or checked. E.all of the above.

Q: Many qualitative research reports begin with: A.the presentation of the study's hypotheses. B.the full disclosure of research participants' identities. C.an introductory premise to frame the descriptions and analyses. D.information that would explain to the reader why qualitative methods were used. E.an explanation of why statistical tests were not used in the study.

Q: The strong negative associations most people have with the term "drugs" best reflects its _____ meaning. a. operational b. connotative c. denotative d. active

Q: Authorial voice: A.is the decision authors make about which author will be listed first on the research report. B.is the decision about who will do the telling of the story in reporting qualitative data. C.provides insight into how the data were analyzed. D.is always first person for reporting qualitative data. E.never reveals the author's interpretations of the data.

Q: Because the focus of the qualitative research report is on the substance of what the researcher found, there is no need to report how the data were collected.

Q: Regardless of which introductory technique is used, the objective of the author of a qualitative research report is to draw the reader into the experiences of the participants in the communication environment studied.

Q: Most authors of qualitative research reports will find that they have too much data rather than not enough.

Q: To arouse the emotions of listeners, what potential barriers must speakers overcome? a. time, distance, and apathy b. time, apathy, and paradox c. time, passion, and apathy d. time, passion, and paradox

Q: An effective oral style of language use differs from written in all of the following ways except a. more colorful and intense. b. less audience-centered. c. more spontaneous and less formal. d. favors simple word choice.

Q: The qualitative written research report has the same sections as the quantitative written research report.

Q: The objective of the researcher reporting qualitative data is to increase the reader's understanding of how humans construct and share meaning.

Q: Match the following terms and descriptions of qualitative report writing styles. Some responses can be used more than once. 1) Author uses a dispassionate, third-person voice. 2) Author makes himself or herself visible with liberal references to "˜I" 3) Author uses metaphors, phrasings, and imagery to create striking stories. 4) Describes how the researcher's point of view develops and changes. 5) Focuses on the minute details of everyday life. 6) Author creates dramatic tension during the telling of the story. A. Writing style of the confessional B. Writing style of the impressionist C. Writing style of the realist.

Q: Which of the following are true of effective language use? a. It shapes the way we think about the world around us. b. It can arouse feelings and emotions. c. It can unite audiences around a shared sense of purpose. d. All of the above are true of effective language use.

Q: Using the terms "the sword" to represent an entire military force provides a good example of synecdoche.

Q: In the qualitative research report: A.it is acceptable to reveal the identity of the research participants. B.anonymity is not as important as confidentiality. C.the researcher must keep his or her agreement about confidentiality and anonymity with participants. D.simply changing the participant's name is always enough to maintain anonymity.

Q: Using onomatopoeia can awaken the sensory experience.

Q: A writing strategy, or style, used in qualitative research reports is: A.thematic. B.chronological. C.separated text. D.puzzle explication. E.all of the above.

Q: The method section in a qualitative research report: A.is unnecessary due to the unstructured nature of qualitative research. B.should not include references as to when the field work was conducted. C.does not need to include the steps and methods for analyzing the data. D.should include information about the research methods and procedures used in the study.

Q: "Sally sells seashells by the seashore" is a good example of onomatopoeia.

Q: Crystallization: A.involves triangulating the data. B.is less flexible than traditional reporting of qualitative research. C.involves the combination of forms of analysis, presentation and representation of qualitative data in written research reports. D.is the dominant form of written research reports in social science.

Q: Repeating the same pattern of words for main ideas is called parallel construction.

Q: In writing a qualitative research report, it is common for the researcher to: A.turn the writing responsibilities over to others. B.complete the report in the first attempt at writing it. C.continually revise the document to improve the claims and conclusions drawn. D.avoid using frameworks that may structure the relationships among claims or conclusions. E.complete the manuscript without showing it to anyone.

Q: Antithesis suggests a speaker has a clear, decisive grasp of options.

Q: The results and discussion section of a qualitative research report includes: A.all of the data the researcher collected. B.one quote for each claim the researcher is making. C.more description than analysis. D.more analysis than description. E.a balance between description and analysis.

Q: Ideographs are special words like "freedom" and "progress" that reflect basic political beliefs.

Q: A neologism refers to the use of classical logical arguments to address current issues.

Q: Triangulation is used by researchers to overcome threats to external validity.

Q: Data are said to be theoretically saturated when new categories are not emerging from the researcher's analysis.

Q: T F Metaphors of "light" and "darkness" are inherently manipulative and should not be used by speakers.

Q: Grounded theory to demonstrate the relationship between researcher and participants.

Q: Alliteration treats inanimate subjects, such as ideas or institutions, as if they had human form or feeling.

Q: The effective use of metaphors reveals unexpected similarities in striking ways.

Q: In analyzing qualitative data, researchers must ask themselves many questions about the data and the interaction scene to develop a credible interpretation of the data.

Q: Because controversial humor is popular on late-night television, you should make ample use of it when speaking on formal occasions.

Q: Computer programs can easily replace the researcher in analyzing qualitative data.

Q: Popular phrases that express widely shared beliefs such as "another day, another dollar" are called maxims.

Q: Analytical memos are written to share with research participants.

Q: Correct language use is generally more important on formal speaking occasions than with everyday conversations.

Q: A good standard is to spend as much time analyzing qualitative data as was spent collecting it.

Q: Malapropism refers to the use of strategic repetition to structure the main ideas of a speech.

Q: The quantity of data collected in a qualitative research project makes it difficult to find a coherent and meaningful representation.

Q: A researcher can enhance his or her credibility by: A.using triangulation methods. B.engaging in member checks or member validations. C.prolonging engagement with interactants. D.all of the above.

Q: Jargon has been described as the language that rolls up its sleeves, spits on its hands, and goes to work.

Q: Using the phrase "healthy forests" to label initiatives to expand clearcutting of old-growth forests is a good example of inversion.

Q: Open coding: A.is used in later passes after axial coding has been used. B.is restricted coding. C.is unrestricted and is the first pass through coding. D.should not be used in qualitative data analysis.

Q: When data is theoretically saturated: A.categories are still emerging. B.the data may not fit into a specific category. C.conducted from the role of the complete observer. D.no new categories are emerging and the existing category structure appears stable.

Q: Clarity refers to the emotional intensity of language.

Q: Jargon refers to shared words that most people know.

Q: Participants' quotes should: A.be used to substantiate researcher claims. B.be used sparingly. C.illuminate the researcher's analysis and interpretation. D.not be used to substantiate researcher claims. E.used only when they can reveal personal information about the participant.