Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Communication
Q:
Connotative definitions are effective for diffusing strong feelings about a subject.
Q:
Thematic analysis is based on participants' conceptions of their communication. Themes are designated by the criteria of:
A.coding, categorizing, and interpreting.
B.data triangulation, interdisciplinary triangulation, and investigator triangulation.
C.internal validity, external validity, and triangulation.
D.recurrence, repetition, and forcefulness.
E.reliability, validity, and credibility.
Q:
Reducing the data to a manageable size is accomplished with qualitative data by:
A.using numbers to represent data.
B.asking participants to stop talking when the researcher has heard enough.
C.leaving out data that does not fit the categories the researcher expects to find.
D.coding and categorizing data.
Q:
A dictionary definition reflects a word's denotative meaning.
Q:
Writing an analytical memo:
A.is a good way to share interpretations with research participants.
B.is a good step for capturing first impressions about the data.
C.becomes part of the dataset.
D.captures participants' interpretation or version of the interaction events.
E.is the same as memo writing.
Q:
Analysis:
A.is the process of the labeling and breaking down raw data.
B.brings order and structure to the data.
C.is messy, ambiguous, and time consuming.
D.reflexive.
E.all of the above.
Q:
The intense responses provoked by words such as "drugs" and "terror" reflect their connotative meaning.
Q:
Analyzing qualitative data:
A.begins only after all of the observations are completed.
B.is accomplished by reading through the field notes several times.
C.is best done by focusing on one element at a time.
D.takes half as much time as collecting the data.
E.begins by focusing on points on which all interactants agree.
Q:
Oral language can engage listeners at a personal level.
Q:
An analogous color scheme helps to suggest tension and opposition between ideas.
Q:
Stories or narratives can be a reliable guide to the storytellers' beliefs, attitudes, values, and actions.
Q:
Data produced by focus groups do not need to be analyzed if the moderator followed the focus group outline.
Q:
The color red signals stability in western culture.
Q:
Focus group moderators should plan for the group discussion to last at least 90 minutes.
Q:
Balanced presentation aids are generally more pleasing to look at.
Q:
Focus group participants can be solicited or selected through a sampling technique.
Q:
Presentation aids should be used to emphasize the speaker's most important ideas and information.
Q:
Graphic presentation aids should focus on multiple ideas at once to suggest the complexity of your message.
Q:
In field interviewing, debriefing the respondent is not necessary because the data collected are qualitative in nature.
Q:
In field interviewing, the interviewer should be careful not to introduce new language or terminology into the interview.
Q:
When selecting colors, speakers should consider cultural differences.
Q:
In field interviewing, closed questions are better for initiating dialogue and obtaining full descriptions.
Q:
The colors used for the text of the presentation aid should always blend into the background.
Q:
Video clips and visual images can be effective for transporting audiences to distant locales and realities.
Q:
Electronic interviewing is an effective substitute for face-to-face interviewing.
Q:
Chalk and marker boards should never be used with serious presentations.
Q:
Counting the number of times a theme appears in your field notes is a good way to analyze field notes.
Q:
It is likely that a researcher will collect more field notes than can be used.
Q:
Handouts should be distributed before a speech so that listeners can read along while you are speaking.
Q:
The speaker should stand to the side of presentation aids and maintain eye contact with listeners.
Q:
In selecting respondents for field interviews, researchers use probability sampling techniques to identify respondents.
Q:
A researcher conducting a qualitative study must balance what is being observed with what he or she knows or can draw upon from the scholarly literature.
Q:
Ethnography is best described as the
A.study of communication in its natural environment.
B.holistic description of interactants in their cultural or subcultural environment.
C.collection of data with the researcher in the role of the complete observer.
D.study of communication phenomena which have been fully explored.
E.study of a large number of similar communication events.
Q:
Acronyms are composed of the initial letters of words to help the audience remember a message.
Q:
A flow chart can be used to show power and responsibility relationships in organizations.
Q:
Commercially prepared maps typically contain too little detail to use as presentation aids.
Q:
The focus group moderator
A.should be seen as credible by participants.
B.should share important demographic characteristics with participants.
C.should be skilled in guiding a group in discussion.
D.should avoid the spoke-and-wheel pattern of questions and answers.
E.all of the above.
Q:
Ideally, participants in a focus group should:
A.have homogeneous backgrounds, but dissimilar attitudes and perspectives.
B.have different backgrounds, but similar attitudes and perspectives.
C.be selected without any prescreening.
D.know the focus group moderator.
E.be given the focus group outline before the session.
Q:
A focus group:
A.is a facilitator-led group discussion.
B.consists of a facilitator asking the questions and respondents taking turns answering questions.
C.encourages participants to interact with one another, not just respond to the researcher's questions.
D.a and b.
E.a and c.
Q:
As a general rule, the more visual aids you have, the better.
Q:
A well-designed graph can make statistical information easier for an audience to understand.
Q:
Maps used as presentation aids should contain as much detail as possible.
Q:
In conducting field interviewers, the researcher:
A.needs to select locations and times that are comfortable and convenient for the interviewers.
B.should not be concerned about time.
C.should avoid establishing a frame of reference for the respondent so to be able to capture his or her spontaneous reaction and answers.
D.should follow the interview guide in exactly the same way in each interview.
E.none of the above.
Q:
Each graphic used in a speech should focus on one idea.
Q:
A field interview:
A.is a simple linear process of asking questions and getting answers.
B.is most effective when conducted over the telephone or e-mail.
C.is most effective when the interviewer can draw on terminology, issues, and themes introduced into the conversation by the respondent.
D.is rigidly structured with the interviewer asking the same set of questions of each respondent.
E.occurs spontaneously without prior planning by the interviewer.
Q:
Asking for volunteers to serve as presentation aids during a presentation is recommended for adding freshness and novelty to a speech.
Q:
Field notes:
A.are a continuous or sequential record of what was observed.
B.are created while the interaction occurs.
C.can be added to once you have read through and reflected on them.
D.are identified by the date, time, place, and people observed.
E.all of the above.
Q:
The speaker should maintain eye contact with the audience when using a presentation aid.
Q:
Counting the number of times a theme appears in your field notes is a good way to analyze field notes.
FALSE
Q:
When using some form of participant observation, a researcher looks for interdependence among the people observed, the social situation, and the context in which the interaction occurs.
Q:
In preparing for observing in the field, a researcher using qualitative methods would restrict the literature review to only studies that also report qualitative methods.
Q:
Using visual aids usually increases communication anxiety.
Q:
The reflexive nature of qualitative research is what distinguishes it from quantitative approaches.
Q:
What is characteristic of an analogous color scheme?
a. uses colors that are opposite on the color wheel
b. uses colors that are adjacent on the color wheel
c. combines colors that are opposite on the color wheel
d. suggests tension and opposition
Q:
Which color creates the impression of power or stability?
a. blue
b. red
c. green
d. white
Q:
Qualitative research is contextually bound to specific interaction and specific interactants.
Q:
A researcher using qualitative methodologies may find that their initial research question may change as evidence of the problem is observed (or not observed.).
Q:
What principle of design are you violating if you cram a great deal of information onto your presentation aid?
a. balance
b. visibility
c. simplicity
d. emphasis
Q:
What should you remember when preparing a PowerPoint presentation?
a. use contrasting colors and make them easy to read
b. use blank screens when not in use
c. do not present your entire speech from PowerPoint slides
d. all of the above
Q:
A researcher using qualitative methods should rely on his or her first impressions of the interaction.
Q:
The primary advantage of using qualitative methodologies is that it is easier to distance yourself from the interaction and the interactants enabling you to draw more objective conclusions.
Q:
What are some potential problems of using video during presentations?
a. They often upstage short presentations.
b. They require skillful editing to look professional.
c. Longer clips may distract attention from your central message.
d. All of the above.
Q:
When using presentation aids, speakers should alwaysa. use them when practicing their presentations.b. be prepared to speak without them if necessary.c. be careful not to speak to or read from them.d. all of the above are correct.
Q:
All of the following are potential drawbacks of using presentation aids except
a. poorly planned aids can hurt your ethos as a speaker.
b. poorly integrated aids tend to distract listeners and speakers.
c. they often put you at the mercy of technology working.
d. all of the above are potential drawbacks.
Q:
Qualitative methodologies are more subjective and initially less structured than quantitative methodologies. Thus, the researcher does not need to design the research process before collecting data.
Q:
A monochromatic color scheme
a. uses variations of a single color.
b. uses colors adjacent on the color spectrum.
c. uses two opposing colors for contrast.
d. uses Photoshop to edit out irrelevancies.
Q:
Match the following terms and descriptions of non-researcher roles in qualitative methodologies
1)Someone within the group who can validate and legitimize your presence.
2)The person who seems to be more central to the interaction than others.
3)Person who has the authority to allow you access.
A. Sponsor
B. Key informant
C. Gatekeeper
Q:
Match the following terms and descriptions of participant observation roles. Some responses can be used more than once.
1) Researcher does not reveal to others that he/she is simultaneously observing and assessing their actions.
2) Researcher openly acknowledges the research purpose, but at the same time takes an active role in the interaction.
3) Researcher takes on a secondary role within the interaction environment.
4) Researcher does not engage interactants in any fashion.
5) Researcher views the interaction as someone inside the system while others know and accept that research is being conducted.
6) Permission to observe is legitimated through the researcher's role as participating fully in the interaction.
7) Researcher is limited to what can be seen or heard.
8) Researcher interacts with other participants, but the interaction is not driven by being an actor within the interaction scene.
A. Complete observer
B. Conplete participant
C. Observe-as-participant
D. Parrticipant-as-observer
Q:
When preparing and using presentation aids, speakers should always
a. consider whether charts and graphs distort the meaning of important information.
b. cite sources of important information presented.
c. alert audiences to visual images that have been altered to convey a point.
d. all of the above.
Q:
What is the minimal size recommended for posters for most classroom presentations?
a. 3 x 5 feet
b. 5 x 7 inches
c. 8 x 10 inches
d. 14 x 17 inches
Q:
In qualitative research, snowball and network sampling are similar in that:
A.both are random sampling strategies.
B.both are nonprobability sampling strategies.
C.both rely on random assignment to conditions.
D.participants are actively sought.
E.b and d.
Q:
When using a handout with a brief presentation, it is best to
a. distribute it while making your presentation.
b. distribute it after making your presentation.
c. make it available on the Internet.
d. none of the above would be appropriate.
Q:
Respondent validation occurs when the researcher:
A.directs their questions to interactants who should know the answers.
B.works with at least two other researchers in collecting and interpreting the data.
C.asks participants to review the researcher's notes or interpretations.
D.makes observations and collects data at several different times.
E.uses several different forms of qualitative data.
Q:
Maximum variation sampling is:
A.the number of times a researcher will ask an individual to participate in a research project.
B.based on informational redundancy; a researcher seeks participants until the data received are the same as previously collected data.
C.a form of probability sampling.
D.the degree to which the sample varies from the population on important characteristics.
E.the number of variables included in the research design.
Q:
Which of the following would be best for a speech on the four benefits of using presentation aids in a speech?
a. an acronym combining the first letters of each benefit
b. a bar graph measuring their relative significance
c. a textual graph with a bulleted list of the four benefits
d. a model with abstract representations of each relative benefit
Q:
What would be the best choice of a presentation aid for illustrating the hierarchy of the U.S. military?
a. flow chart
b. graph
c. sketch
d. map
Q:
Gaining access is a critical step in qualitative research.
A.Gaining access is always easy.
B.Interactants in all interaction environments would welcome the observations of researcher.
C.Observing some interaction events may not be practical, or is difficulteven denied.
D.If a gatekeeper or sponsor is used, no ethical issues will be raised.
E.Once granted access, the researcher will be more effective if he or she maintains his or her typical communication style and demeanor.
Q:
What type of graph is best for displaying comparisons and contrasts?
a. line graph
b. bar graph
c. histogram
d. pie graph
Q:
Using a qualitative methodology and collecting data in the field, a researcher:
A.will not have control over what happens.
B.will have a great deal of control over what happens.
C.should be objective.
D.must refrain from developing additional questions or modifying the initial research question.
E.has no opportunity to ask interactants what communication events mean.
Q:
In qualitative research, the researcher:
A.is the primary data collector.
B.is likely to be in the research context for extended periods of time.
C.observes the communication firsthand.
D.takes on some form of participant observation.
E.all of the above.