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Q:
Response rate is the same as sample size.
Q:
What is objective information free from?
a. narratives
b. testimony
c. bias
d. opinions
Q:
Which of the following Internet resources would be the best bet for locating a brief, but credible, primer on the philosophy of existentialism?
a. americanrhetoric.com
b. about.com
c. merriam-webster.com
d. whitehouse.gov
Q:
You have been given all the following advice for conducting research interviews except
a. plan a series of questions that reflect your specific purpose.
b. do not let respondents "spin" the truth.
c. summarize what you hear for verification.
d. all of the above advice is given.
Q:
All surveys and questionnaires should have explicit directions for participants, telling them how and where to mark their responses.
Q:
Likert-type scale response choices must be balanced at the ends of the response continuum.
Q:
The choices in a response set to closed questions should be exhaustive and mutually exclusive, but do not need to be equivalent.
Q:
What is it that we should know most importantly about an advocacy Web site?
a. where the money comes from
b. who designed and developed the site
c. the type of people who access this site
d. the sponsoring group's agenda
Q:
It is okay to include some items in a questionnaire for which you are unsure that participants will have adequate knowledge to respond. If this is the case, participants will know to ignore this item and go on to the next.
Q:
What type of Web sites are posted by activist groups, such as the Sierra Club and the National Rifle Association?
a. personal
b. advocacy
c. information
d. retail
Q:
Regardless of the researcher's level of experience, it is always wiser to develop a new and unique questionnaire or scale rather than modifying or adapting existing questionnaires or scales.
Q:
LexisNexis represents which of the following electronic resources?
a. a subject directory
b. a general search engine
c. an electronic database
d. an online catalogue
Q:
Surveys on the same topic written to achieve different objectives will be composed of the same questions and response choices, and be subject to the same interpretations.
Q:
When researching Web sources, we should always ask
a. are links to other reputable sources provided?
b. have I accessed an information or advocacy site?
c. is important information timely and current?
d. all of the above.
Q:
Google and Yahoo! are examples of what type of Internet resource?
a. general search engines
b. meta-search engines
c. subject directories
d. invisible gateways
Q:
What is an important advantage of using the Internet for research?
a. numerous Web sites posted by highly credible sources
b. general search engines for researching the latest "news"
c. provides a good starting place for gathering general knowledge
d. all of the above
Q:
An alternative to a self-report questionnaire is to ask the same questions in a one-on-one interview.
Q:
Match the following terms and descriptions of pretesting a survey or questionnaire:1)Those familiar with research methodology or the content of the survey or questionnaire point out potential problems.2)Helps uncover questions which can be interpreted in multiple ways.3)Individuals like the persons who will be selected for the research project complete the survey or questionnaire just as participants will in the research project.4)A third person monitors the researcher asking questions of the participant.A. Expert panel pretestingB. Cognitive pretestingC. Conventional pretestingD. Behavior coding pretesting
Q:
Match the following terms and descriptions about question types:1)Often uses the responses of strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, strongly disagree.2)Using this type of question in a written survey or questionnaire, leave more space than you believe respondents will need.3)Responses must be exhaustive, mutually exclusive, and equivalent.4)Respondents indicate degree to which they agree or disagree with one of two anchors.A. Likert-type scaleB. Open questionC. Closed questionD. Differential scale
Q:
Responsible knowledge of a topic includes all of the following except
a. understanding how your topic relates to the status quo.
b. understanding the main issues surrounding your topic.
c. awareness of latest developments surrounding your topic.
d. knowing what respected experts have to say about your topic.
Q:
What is the most valuable resource in the library?
a. reference librarian
b. online catalogue
c. databases
d. special collections
Q:
What is the best reason for becoming acquainted with your school library?
a. It is a good place to meet interesting and well-educated people.
b. It provides valuable resources for conducting in-depth research.
c. Its gatekeepers tend to discourage academic dishonesty.
d. The Internet is not a reputable source for conducting research.
Q:
Internal reliability is the degree to which:
A.researchers select the same questionnaire for studying the same research topic.
B.participants like the questions asked on a survey.
C.multiple items are consistent in measuring a construct or subconstruct on a questionnaire or survey.
D.all participants gave the same response to a questionnaire item.
E.none of the above.
Q:
A semantic differential scale:
A.is a type of open question.
B.is the same as a Likert-type response scale.
C.uses word anchors for each numerical responses.
D.uses a word anchor for the middle response.
E.is based on two bipolar adjectives.
Q:
Likert-type scales:
A.are a common response set for closed questions.
B.assign numerical values to each response choice.
C.are interval level data.
D.can contain a neutral middle response.
E.all of the above.
Q:
What is the primary value of personal knowledge?
a. It adds credibility and authenticity to presentations.
b. It makes substantive research less important.
c. It makes one speak responsibly.
d. It is generally considered more valid than published information.
Q:
A speech honoring the victims of 9-11 best reflects the general purpose of persuading an audience.
Q:
Researchers often include stimulus statements with questionnaires or survey. The purpose of the stimulus statement is to:
A.direct participants' attention to the type of questions they will be answering, as well as provide general instructions in answering the question.
B.trick participants into believing that the questionnaire is addressing an issue other than its real purpose.
C.warn participants that questions will address sensitive issues.
D.give clues to participants about the type of responses the researcher is seeking.
E.warn participants that the survey is a decoy for a sales call.
Q:
"The economy is bad" provides a good example of a specific purpose statement.
Q:
Closed questions are most effectively used when:
A.the question asks for sensitive information.
B.the potential responses are known in advance.
C.the researcher needs to include an abbreviation in the question.
D.the question asks about something that is relatively new or unique.
E.multiple responses are required for the participant to fully answer the question.
Q:
Recall cues are used:
A.to direct participants' attention back to the question.
B.to direct participants' attention away from sensitive questions.
C.to direct participants' attention to the issue in which the researcher is interested.
D.to capture numerical data.
E.more frequently with closed questions.
Q:
A topic analysis explores and develops topic areas in terms of what? when? how? where? and who?
Q:
A topic area inventory chart shows topic ideas you have considered, but have not yet used for a speech.
Q:
An open question:
A.is the same as an essay question.
B.provides data from the respondent's point of view.
C.provides data from the researcher's point of view.
D.can create responses that are not comparable.
E.b and d.
Q:
Effective speakers generally limit their specific purposes to information their audiences already know.
Q:
A good survey item is one that is:
A.reliable and valid.
B.straightforward.
C.vague or abstract.
D.a complex thought.
E.a and b.
Q:
A socially desirable response is:
A.the answer the researcher is looking for.
B.the answer the participants wants to give, but feels uncomfortable sharing.
C.the answer the participant believes the interviewer or researcher is seeking.
D.a nonverbal rather than verbal response.
E.a verbal response coupled with a nonverbal response that indicates the participant is being deceptive.
Q:
Double focus is rarely a problem for speakers.
Q:
Only the classical form of experimentation is susceptible to researcher influence and procedural bias.
Q:
The specific purpose states the desired effect you want your speech to have on your audience.
Q:
Invitations to speak outside class will usually indicate your general focus and purpose for speaking.
Q:
Results from descriptive designs should not be used an explanation for causality.
Q:
Some control is lost when an experiment moves from the lab to the field. Thus, field experiments are considered quasi-experiments rather than experiments.
Q:
Topic analysis uses a system of questions similar to that used by news writers.
Q:
In a factorial design, participants must be randomly assigned to conditions of all independent variables.
Q:
Mind mapping establishes certain basic patterns of expression we take for granted in order to free our minds for creative exploration.
Q:
A manipulation check verifies that participants regarded the independent variable in the various ways that the researcher intended.
Q:
Brainstorming is a controlled process of topic exploration that subjects ideas to rigorous scrutiny as generated.
Q:
Selecting a random sample is the same as randomly assigning individuals to treatment and control groups.
Q:
Brainstorming is a technique that encourages and harnesses free associations in response to the challenge of topic discovery.
Q:
The discovery phase of topic selection involves identifying general topic areas for exploration and refinement.
Q:
The underlying principle of random assignment of participants to treatment groups is that any differences among individuals before the treatment are minimized by the random assignment.
Q:
The strength of experimental designs is that the degree of control helps eliminate rival explanations for the changes observed.
Q:
A specific purpose should focus primarily on the speaker's intent to inform or persuade.
Q:
A good topic is one that involves you and one that you care about.
Q:
Experimental research designs must have a temporal component.
Q:
What is the final stage in the process of refining a speech topic?
a. developing a general purpose statement
b. developing a specific purpose statement
c. developing a thesis statement
d. developing a preview statement
Q:
In experimental research designs, participants in the control group never receive any form of treatment of the independent variable.
Q:
Match the following terms and descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more than once.
1) Two or more independent variables are tested for the influence on the dependent variable.
2) Answers the question, "Do two groups differ after the stimulus is presented to only one group?"
3) Answers the question, "Is the measurement of the dependent variable different at time 2 than at time 1?"
4) Can test for an interaction effect.
A. Factorial design
B. Pretest-posttest
C. Posttest only
Q:
What is the flaw in the following specific purpose, "To inform my audience about New York City?"
a. too urban
b. too general
c. too trivial
d. too technical
Q:
Match the following terms and the descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more thanonce.
1) Researcher manipulation of independent variables and random assignment of participants to conditions
2) Mainpulation of independent variables, but no random assignment of participants.
3) Temporal order of variables is not clearly determined.
4) The terms predictor variable and criterion variable are substituted for the terms independent variable and dependent variable, respectively.
5) Initially developed for study in the physical sciences.
6) Relies on natural variation of the independent variable
7) Also called correlational or non-experimental studies.
8) The classic model against which other forms of experimentation are evaluated.
A. Descriptive research design
B. Experimental research design
C. Quasi-experimental research design
Q:
Sometimes speakers forget that their audience doesn"t know as much about the topic as the speaker does. In doing so, what trap have they fallen into?
a. technicality
b. triviality
c. double focus
d. time
Q:
What is the general purpose of a speech to persuade?
a. create impressions and goodwill
b. share knowledge and enlightenment
c. celebrate shared values and traditions
d. influence beliefs and actions
Q:
A research protocol:
A.is the form the participant reads and agrees to before participating in the research project.
B.is the set of instructions the researcher reads to participants in an experiment.
C.details each procedural step of the research design.
D.is the questionnaire to which participants respond.
E.is the same for every research study.
Q:
Researchers can influence the results of any experimental design by:
A.simply being themselves. A researcher's characteristics can influence how participants respond.
B.unknowingly encouraging participants to respond in the way that supports the predictions of their hypotheses.
C.being blind to the experimental conditions.
D.selecting participants from a population with whom they are unfamiliar.
E.a and b.
Q:
What is the general purpose of a speech to inform?
a. create goodwill
b. share knowledge
c. manage impressions
d. give advice
Q:
In a longitudinal design:
A.there are multiple measurements of the dependent variable.
B.the length of time between measurements is relative to the topic of study.
C.the greater the length of time between measurements, the more likely it is that other factors can influence the dependent variable.
D.are particularly effective for evaluating the degree to which training has been effective or the degree to which knowledge has been retained.
E.all of the above.
Q:
What is wrong with the thesis statement, "What's wrong with politics"?
a. It fails to address a significant topic.
b. It is obscure and lacking in focus.
c. It over-relies on mind mapping.
d. It is difficult to find information on the Web.
Q:
When you scan newspapers, the Internet, and magazines to try and get ideas for your speech, what are you using?
a. media and Internet prompts
b. rhetorical trolling
c. interest charts
d. mind mapping
Q:
Treatment groups are:
A.used in descriptive research designs.
B.based on theory and reflected in the study's hypotheses.
C.the groups in which participants receive no stimuli.
D.compared to the control group.
E.b and d.
Q:
In a classical experiment, the researcher:
A.controls the treatment of manipulation of the independent variable.
B.relies on natural variation in the independent variable.
C.tests only one value of the independent variable.
D.ignores the independent variable.
E.ignores the dependent variable.
Q:
The specific purpose statement, "I want my audience to support federal action to combat greenhouse pollution, and a new program to promote recycling in our area" would probably fall into what trap of poor topic selection?
a. triviality
b. double-focus
c. polarization
d. technicality
Q:
The specific purpose statement, "I want my audience to dig the 60s" would probably fall into what trap of poor topic selection?
a. triviality
b. technicality
c. anachronality
d. promoting illegal activity
Q:
Experimental research:
A.most often occurs in the lab or other simulated environment controlled by the researcher.
B.produces data that are examined by statistical tests.
C.seeks to describe events rather than determine causation.
D.relies on nonprobability sampling for selection of research participants.
E.a and b.
Q:
For ethical reasons, you are advised to avoid all of the following topics except
a. anything that might promote hurtful or dangerous behavior.
b. anything that might promote illegal activities.
c. any topics upon which you cannot possibly speak with responsible knowledge.
d. all the above topics should be avoided.
Q:
Sample size is the same as the number of people you ask or select to participate.
Q:
Which would make the best specific purpose statement for persuading an audience to donate money to Habitat for Humanity?
a. My audience should understand that homelessness is bad for everyone in our society.
b. To convince my audience that Habitat for Humanity is a reputable group.
c. To persuade my audience to donate money to Habitat for Humanity.
d. To celebrate the fact that there are groups like Habitat for Humanity out there.
Q:
Convenience samples are never an appropriate choice for identifying research participants.
Q:
The smaller the sample, the greater the proportion of participants needed for the sample.
Q:
What are we trying to change when we practice mind mapping?
a. our fears and inhibitions
b. our social biases and stereotypes
c. our habitual patterns of thinking
d. our judgments about experiences