Q&A Hero

Q: Beliefs are based on our feelings toward objects, people, events, or ideasand how we are inclined to act toward them.

Q: Commercials for home security systems best reflect our need for recognition.

Q: Commercials encouraging you to donate to charities that provide for needy children best reflect our need for altruism.

Q: A hypothesis is A.necessary for quantitative research. B.an educated guess or a presumption based on the review of the research literature. C.the definition of one variable. D.in the form of a question. E.used when conflicting results are found in the research literature.

Q: Regardless of who prepares the research report, the researcher is responsible for the accuracy of data contained in the report.

Q: Because it is more difficult for researchers using qualitative methods to completely plan their research process, they are allowed to avoid informed consent procedures.

Q: Speeches that show your audience how they can improve themselves and enhance their chances for success touch on achievement and recognition needs.

Q: Deodorant ads suggesting that if we smell, others will not want to be with us best reflect our relational needs.

Q: According to poll after poll, it is safe to assume that most women are less interested in politics than men.

Q: When an individual refuses to participate, ethical guidelines suggest that researchers try other persuasive techniques to encourage participation.

Q: Informed consent creates obligations and responsibilities for the researcher.

Q: By demographics, we mean attitudes that serve as disruptive barriers to communication.

Q: Research sponsors and universities can differ to which ethical standards are required. Before collecting any data, researchers should check with their institution (and sponsor, if applicable) to determine which standards must be followed and which approvals are needed.

Q: Speeches citing the terrorist attacks of 9-11 best reflect our need for comfort.

Q: There is one agreed-upon and published set of ethical standards and practices for conducting communication research.

Q: Few people are really moved to give and receive affection, companionship, approval, and support from others.

Q: Ethnocentrism is the belief that our way of life is the "right" and superior way.

Q: Maslow's most basic level contains one's physiological needs.

Q: The best time to consider the ethical standards for conducting research is in the planning of the research process.

Q: Match the following terms and the descriptions: 1) Has the potential to occur when researchers explore sensitive topics, or use methods in which participants re-live negative situations. 2)A person who pretends to be participating in the research project but is really helping the researcher with the conditions of the study. 3)Purposely and necessarily misleading participants so they are ignorant about the purpose of the research study. 4)Opportunity for researcher to explain the purpose of the study and expected results 5)Overly invasive physical procedures 6)Information or data the participant provides is controlled by the researcher so others do not have access to it. 7)Information that can identify participants are not attached to the data. A. psychological harm B. confederate C. deception D. debriefing E. physical harm F. confidentiality G. anonymity

Q: Emphatic listening involves seeking out constructive applications of the messages we hear.

Q: Audiotaping and videotaping can be used in data collection if: A.participants consent to be taped. B.participants know what is to be recorded. C.participants know how the recording is being made. D.the researcher protects the confidentiality of participants who are recorded. E.All of the above.

Q: Informed consent is: A.when participants voluntarily agree to participate in your research project. B.when participants voluntarily agree to participate in your research project after being given basic information about the research process. C.explaining the research procedure to individuals before they are chosen to participate in your research project. D.the letter researchers send to participants asking them to participate in the research project. E.the form participants sign after they have participated in the research project.

Q: Positive trigger words generally relate to values and traditions that we hold dear.

Q: Listeners' attitudes toward a topic rarely affect their ability to listen.

Q: An institutional review board, or human subjects review committee, can make which of the following decisions? A.Approve the research proposal. B.Require changes in the research proposal. C.Deny the research proposal. D.All of the above. E.None of the above.

Q: Chance associations with words often distract listeners from a speaker's message.

Q: Justice is achieved when: A.other researchers agree that your project was adequately planned. B.the research team finds the results they hypothesized. C.the research team publishes their research results. D.all participants are treated as equal and benefit from participating in the study. E.individuals who want to participate in a research project are chosen to participate.

Q: Listening just for the facts is ineffective listening.

Q: Respect for persons is achieved when: A.research participants are treated as capable of making decisions for themselves. B.researchers take extra steps to protect those participants who are not capable of making their own decisions. C.participants voluntarily participate in the research project. D.participants agree to participate after being given a description of the project and their involvement. E.all of the above.

Q: Emphatic listeners prioritize reason and logic over the emotional aspects of a speech.

Q: Beneficence is achieved when: A.researchers' rights are protected. B.the results of a research project benefit the public. C.the well-being of research participants is protected. D.research risks are taken into consideration in the designing of a project. E.none of the above.

Q: Critical listeners are generally less susceptible to manipulative persuasion.

Q: The discussion section of a research paper interprets, integrates, and critically analyzes the published literature relevant to your study.

Q: The list of references at the end of relevant articles or books is an appropriate place to find helpful resources for your research.

Q: Preoccupation with personal concerns is one of the most common barriers to effective listening.

Q: Many websites or which the URL ends with .com are regarded as quality resources written by knowledgeable experts.

Q: When listeners pay attention, they are showing support for the speaker.

Q: Listening skills are not related to job advancement.

Q: Opinions offer personal judgments, whereas inferences represent independently verifiable units of information.

Q: In the inductive research model, observations tend to drive theory development.

Q: Theory can be well-developed and confirmed in one research study.

Q: A listener who analyzes and evaluates a message's content is defined as a critical listener.

Q: As you discover information in the library, it may be necessary to adjust or revise your initial question or topic.

Q: Listeners can make themselves more resistant to the manipulative use of trigger words by habitually listening to entire messages before responding.

Q: The goal of library research is to determine if the answer to your question is available.

Q: Understanding the speaker's verbal and nonverbal language occurs during the constructive listening phase.

Q: The steps of the research process are independent.

Q: Emphatic listening prioritizes critical evaluation of a message's truth value.

Q: Asking new questions is the step in the research process that both completes and re-starts the research cycle.

Q: The deductive research model moves from a known or assumed position to the particulars of a specific case.

Q: Comprehensive listening involves actively seeking constructive applications of the messages one hears.

Q: Good listeners are born, not made.

Q: Put the following descriptions of the steps of theory building in order from start to finish: 1)Step 3 2)Step 4 3)Step 2 4)Step 6 5)Step 1 6)Step 5 A. Moves from the specific event or observation to a more generalized form. B. Develops predictions. C. Creates an explanation for the event or observation. D. Confirms, revises, expands, or abandons the tested proposition. E. Describes the event or observation that needs understanding. F. Develops test for the proposed theory.

Q: Ineffective listening skills can have both personal and global consequences.

Q: Anytime you use the work of others, you must: A.provide a citation indicating in the text of your paper only the year of the work you are using. B.provide a citation indicating in the text of your paper what idea you are using and whose idea it is. C.decide whether or not to cite the author or to leave the citation out. D.provide a citation in the bibliography or list of references only.

Q: In reading academic journals or scholarly books, conclusions drawn by the authors are found in what section: A.the abstract. B.the literature review. C.the methods section. D.the discussion section. E.in any of these.

Q: Which of the following are guidelines for ethical listening as discussed in your text? a. open your mind to new ideas and information b. provide honest feedback c. look for constructive applications of messages d. all of the above

Q: Both the deductive and inductive research models begin with A.reviewing and building from existing theory. B.collecting data. C.identifying the research problem. D.interpreting the findings. E.none of the above.

Q: What is a statement that contains personal judgments? a. fact b. inference c. opinion d. truth

Q: Researchers should rely on the one or two methods they know to answer any and all research questions and hypotheses.

Q: All of the following are criteria for evaluating the ethical qualities of a speech except a. does the speech reflect responsible knowledge? b. does the speech convey respect for the audience? c. does the speech avoid taking controversial positions? d. does the speech avoid inflammatory language use?

Q: Which of the following critical standards of effective evidence use would be violated if a speaker used examples of juvenile crime in Europe to argue that American kids are out of control? a. relevant b. representative c. recent d. reliable

Q: The substantive content of the research question or hypothesis drives the selection of the method.

Q: What is the characteristic of evidence that directly relates to the issues being discussed? a. relevant b. representative c. recent d. reliable

Q: A research question is preferred over a hypothesis if the researcher cannot formulate a tentative proposition after reviewing the existing literature.

Q: A theory is a related set of ideas that explains how or why something occurs or happens.

Q: What is the first step in overcoming a bias? a. recognizing you have one b. taking a critical inventory c. performing a perception check d. listening for content

Q: A speech critique should balance a. evaluation and acceptance. b. critical and constructive skills. c. ethos and identification. d. vigilance and compassion.

Q: Match the following descriptions with the type of questions researcher investigate: 1)Questions of definition 2)Questions of relationships 3)Questions of policy 4)Questions of value A. Provide definitions for phenomena B. Examine the aesthetic or normative features of communication C. Examine if and how two phenomena are related D. Examine courses of action for their effectiveness

Q: Match the following descriptions with the 12 characteristics of science: 1)Replicable 2)Explore all possible explanations 3)Heuristic 4)Possibility of error 5)Objectivity 6)Public record 7)Evidence 8)Skepticism 9)Testable 10)Measurement and observation 11)Generalizability 12)Self-correcting A. different settings and with different participants B. Necessary to demonstrate that the proposition is true C. Findings from one study lead to more questions for the next study D. Expected to occur; researchers use standard procedures and techniques to help minimize it E. Requirement of researcher to minimize personal bias F. Available to anyone; not proprietary research G. Based on data H. Researchers do not rely on what appears to be obvious I. Can be investigated J. Identifying and capturing the phenomenon K. Extending findings to similar situations or similar people L. Publishing results provides an opportunity for researchers to improve their procedures

Q: The following are the guidelines for providing speakers with constructive criticism excepta. open and close your critiques on a positive note.b. provide speakers a realistic assessment of limitations.c. analyze the speech rather than criticizing the speaker.d. offer suggestions for improvement.

Q: Communication researchers A.may use quantitative or qualitative methods. B.may use research questions or hypotheses. C.publish their studies in academic journals and scholarly books. D.collect data for their investigations. E.all of the above.

Q: Communication research from the social science perspective A.is the discovery of answers to questions through the application of scientific and systematic procedures. B.uses quantitative and qualitative methods. C.is based on the assumption that research can uncover patterns. D.is empirical. E.all of the above.

Q: Jeff believes the Federal government needs to cut spending, yet he refuses to consider a proposal to cut spending because it is supported by members of the "other party." What barrier to effective listening does Jeff's behavior reflect? a. personal bias b. chance associations c. personal concerns d. flawed messages

Q: Trigger words invoke which of the following reaction(s) in listeners? a. emotional b. rational c. temporary d. critical

Q: Getting up and closing a window or door because you are having trouble hearing would be one way to handle what sort of problem? a. physical noise b. flawed message c. presentation problem d. semantic overload

Q: Thinking about the date you have after class represents what form of listening barrier? a. presentation problems b. personal concerns c. chance association of words d. listening burnout

Q: What should you not do when taking notes during class? a. try to write down everything you hear b. be alert for signal words c. come to class prepared with a notebook and pen or pencil d. summarize what you hear

Q: If you are listening to a lecture about Cherokee native Americans and it reminds you of driving your Jeep Cherokee in the mud, you have succumbed to what barrier to effective listening? a. presentation problems b. personal concerns c. chance association of words d. listening burnout