Q&A Hero

Q: All of the following statements about stereotyping in the mass media are true EXCEPT A) benign stereotypes are not objectionable and pose few, if any, problems. B) the FCC has banned any broadcast of demeaning stereotypes over the public airwaves. C) newspapers typically use lots of stereotypes in their headlines. D) stereotypes are a kind of shorthand that can communicate a lot quickly and easily.

Q: Political leaders float __________ to get an advance peek at public reaction.

Q: Shouting “fire” in a crowded movie theater could be deemed illegal because it endangers the public.

Q: An uplink is a ground station that beams a signal to an orbiting communication satellite.

Q: Muckraking is an early 1900s magazine practice of lowering advertising rates during a depression.

Q: The mindsets of executives in early television and motion pictures were so similar that an eventual melding of the industries was inevitable.

Q: Trying to ensure news coverage, President Theodore Roosevelt issued many announcements on __________ because he knew Mondays were such slow news days his stories would get reported.

Q: Librarians and book publishers endorsed the Patriot Act.

Q: Telstar was the first communication satellite to transmit telephone signals.

Q: Long-form journalism is just one of the many innovations of magazines.

Q: The Paramount decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1948 forced movie studios to give up their theaters.

Q: Since neither the Bennett model of news nor the Hutchins model is totally suited to today’s news environment, a new hybrid model has been introduced by A) The Associated Press. B) CNN. C) John Vivian, author of The Media of Mass Communication. D) The New York Times.

Q: Movie studios that controlled the whole process from conception to production to showing films in studio-owned theaters were engaged in practicing the studio system.

Q: The Hutchins Commission wanted the media to provide a context for the news as well as an account of the day’s events that was all of the following EXCEPT A) comprehensive. B) equally balanced. C) intelligent. D) truthful.

Q: After the Pacifica case, broadcasters became more careful about indecency at times that children might be listening.

Q: Ad guru Bob Greenberg says the entertainment era that assembled mass audiences for advertisers to reach is coming to an end and advertisers need to adopt new approaches.

Q: When a movie director puts a white hat on a cowboy to depict a “good guy,” that shorthand communication is known as A) product placement. B) evocation. C) historical transmission. D) stereotyping.

Q: Adolph Zukor established the movie business as we know it.

Q: Although welcomed by some, especially academicians, the Hutchins Commission Report was criticized by all of the following EXCEPT A) Henry Luce, the publisher of Time and Life, who had funded the commission’s work. B) journalists who thought it encouraged inappropriate “editorializing.” C) Richard Nixon who wanted to place more government control on the media. D) Robert McCormick of the Chicago Tribune who commissioned a book to rebut the report.

Q: The Pacifica case on broadcast indecency involved Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show.

Q: Advertising guru Bob Greenberg believes that the 30-second television spot will continue as a viable advertising avenue.

Q: People who picked up the phrase “yadda-yadda-yadda” from watching Seinfeld are intentionally or unintentionally demonstrating the effects of A) role modeling. B) socialization. C) status conferral. D) third-person effect.

Q: Sound bites have become much __________ in length than they used to be.

Q: In the wake of 9/11, Congress overwhelming voted to enact the Patriot Act to combat terrorism despite the fact that it infringed on many constitutionally guaranteed rights including free speech.

Q: The concept of using geosynchronous satellites for worldwide communication was advocated by sci-fi author Arthur C. Clarke.

Q: Time and Newsweek have much less circulations than Reader’s Digest.

Q: In 1895, Guglielmo Marconi used Morse code, a telegraph key, and his knowledge of Hertzian waves to successfully send the first wireless messages.

Q: Sports Illustrated is consistently among the top three magazines for total circulation.

Q: The studio system can also be called the star system.

Q: The Hutchins Commission called on the news media to become more social responsible by A) offering a more balanced analysis of politically sensitive issues . B) presenting the news in a context that gives it meaning. C) reducing the number of celebrity-focused stories and concentrating more on ideas. D) reducing the ability of advertisers to influence what news gets reported.

Q: Special conditions about sexual media content and children were established in the Ginsburg case.

Q: What is the name for a magazine published by a manufacturer to plug a single line of products? A) viral mag B) ‘zine C) product placement D) plugger

Q: When a child walks by a television set or a computer screen that contains adult images and themes, the child is involved in A) prosocialization. B) intergenerational eavesdropping. C) anti-social behavior. D) role modeling.

Q: The voice clip of a news source in a newscast is a(n) __________ bite.

Q: In the Pentagon Papers case, it was determined that the government’s concern with national security outweighed freedom of the press.

Q: Government restrictions on sexual media content gradually eased in the late 20th century.

Q: What is a program-length commercial disguised as a newscast or entertainment called? A) product placement B) branding effort C) infomercial D) stealth ad

Q: What media function is served when people use the media to learn about how to fit in with other people? A) surveillance B) diversion C) entertainment D) socialization

Q: When the news media obsess on reporting polls during a political campaign, they are treating the campaign like a(n) ___________.

Q: The First Amendment allows the government to halt anything that might jeopardize national security at any time.

Q: Granville Woods pioneered a wireless way to communicate with moving trains.

Q: Only half of all U.S. magazines have circulation of more than 100,000 copies.

Q: Getting the audience to suspend disbelief is a major component of movies.

Q: The term “yellow journalism” which became synonymous with sensationalism and excess actually came about as a result of A) a botched attempt to print sensational headlines in red ink that came out looking yellow. B) an ownership struggle over the rights to publish a comic strip called “The Yellow Kid.” C) a racial slur aimed at the Chinese workers who printed most newspapers in the 1890s. D) the yellowish tint of the cheap paper used for newspapers in the 1890s.

Q: One of the biggest circulation wars of the Yellow Journalism Era was between A) the Baltimore Sun and Benjamin Day’s New York Sun. B) Robert McCormick’s Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun-Times. C) the New York Times and the New York Sun. D) Pulitzer’s New York World and Heart’s New York Journal.

Q: The Miller Standard determines whether material can be broadcast when children might be able to hear or see it.

Q: The term applied to extensive use of word-of-mouth advertising is A) blitzing. B) buzz marketing. C) gossip riding. D) stealth selling.

Q: How does the spiral of silence model function? A) Overloaded by media messages, audience members increasingly “tune out” until they have surrounded themselves with silence. B) As messages accumulate, fewer and fewer are heard until a virtual silence develops. C) The lack of immediate feedback in many media discourages two-way communication. D) The vocal majority intimidates opposing views into silence and thereby makes the majority view appear to be a universal consensus.

Q: Media stories about the Watergate cover-up, Monica Lewinski, Hilary Clinton’s investments, Jack Abramoff’s wheeling-dealing, John Edwards’ infidelity, and other political __________ are still outnumbered by stories about political and public policy, but not by as much as they used to be.

Q: Although the right to free expression has very few exceptions today, the Supreme Court has discussed circumstances in which censorship is sometimes warranted.

Q: Samuel Morse invented the telephone in 1844.

Q: There are about 18,000 magazines in the U.S. today.

Q: The legal basis for determining whether sexually explicit media content is obscene or not is the Miller standard.

Q: Dave Balter specializes in what type of marketing? A) television commercials B) word-of-mouth C) sales promotion D) radio commercials

Q: The redundancy of advertising takes advantage of Noelle-Neumann’s A) information overload theory. B) cumulative effects theory. C) spiral of silence model. D) uses and gratifications theory.

Q: Journalists like conflict in part because it always involves __________ which is the essence of news.

Q: Under the Incitement Standard, government can silence someone only when the statement advocates a lawless action, even if such action is unlikely to occur.

Q: The telegraph allowed for long-distance communication between point A and point B.

Q: The Daily, a newspaper available only in digital form as an app for iPads, is a risky experiment that could influence the future of newspaper operations.

Q: The barriers between Hollywood and television have come down, and they now have a synergetic relationship.

Q: What period of journalism during the late 1800s was marked by sensationalism that often included untrue stories? A) Yellow Press B) Victorian Period C) Manifest Destiny D) Age of Expansion

Q: All of the following are characteristics of the Penny Press EXCEPT A) their one-cent selling price didn’t even cover the cost of producing the newspaper. B) their one-cent selling price was still higher than average working people could afford.. C) they established the newspaper industry’s financial dependence on advertising. D) they were the first medium to truly attract and appeal to a mass audience.

Q: Pornography is protected by the First Amendment, but obscenity is not.

Q: The practice of product placement first began and became popular in A) motion pictures, especially in the 1980s. B) radio during the early years of rock `n’ roll. C) television when advertisers sponsored entire programs. D) women’s magazines with small packets of perfume.

Q: Who was the German scholar whose media studies resulted in the cumulative effects theory that says the media may not have immediate effects, but their effects over time are profound? A) Herbert Schiller B) Don Shaw C) Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann D) Max Ernst

Q: A study of CBS Evening News found that 60 percent of the opening stories featured the __________.

Q: The Incitement Standard determines whether expression could be banned for promoting lawless actions.

Q: The first sound recording and playback machine was called the phonograph.

Q: One way USA Today differed from other newspapers was its flashy presentation and short stories.

Q: The early television industry was modeled after movies.

Q: People so overwhelmed by the high volume of news available to them that they withdraw from involvement in public issues are examples of A) cumulative withdrawal. B) information anxiety. C) narcoticizing dysfunction. D) passive participiality.

Q: __________ is the term for the selection process used in media coverage that shapes how people see issues.

Q: Clarence Brandenburg spoke at a Ku Klux Klan rally and was arrested because he said hateful and threatening things. His conviction was later overturned because his speech was far-fetched and not considered an imminent threat.

Q: Television programming cannot be presented in 3-D because of the human eye’s persistence of vision.

Q: After Rupert Murdoch bought the Wall Street Journal, he made changes to make it more directly competitive with the New York Times.

Q: At their inception, movies were a chemistry-based medium.

Q: The U.S. pornography industry’s revenue can be tracked precisely and legally through government-required financial reports.

Q: The advent of TiVo has prompted new advertiser interest in A) product placement. B) brand names. C) 30-second spots. D) infomercials.

Q: Which of the following is an example of stealth advertising? A) “R-O-L-A-I-D-S spells relief” B) the Marlboro Man C) positioning Johnson & Johnson’s baby shampoo as an adult product by using athletes D) FedEx Field, a sports stadium outside of Washington, D.C.

Q: The notion that the media lull people into passivity is called A) the passivity premise. B) the nonactivity notion. C) the narcoticizing dysfunction theory. D) the hypodermic needle model.