Q&A Hero

Q: The power of television to put faraway issues in the minds of domestic audiences has been labeled the __________ effect.

Q: Prior restraint is prohibiting expression in advance.

Q: The Kodak brothers opened the first motion picture exhibition hall.

Q: While highly regarded, the New York Times is NOT a newspaper of record.

Q: Apparently reflecting an “if you can’t beat them, join them” philosophy, movie studios are streaming movies directly to paying customers. Among the streamers is A) Columbia. B) Miramax. C) Paramount. D) 20th Century Fox.

Q: It has been an ongoing journalism tradition since the Colonial Period that A) the public only approves of censorship for matters of national security. B)news should be defined by the readers’ interest not the government’s decree. C)reporters sometimes must lie to be able to find and report the truth. D) the news media should report on but not try to meddle in creating public policy.

Q: When was the first paper published in the original colonies that became the United States? A) 1540s B) 1650s C) 1690s D) 1710s

Q: Ulysses, by James Joyce, was banned because it focused almost entirely on sexual content.

Q: The mass media seldom traffic sexual content.

Q: What is viral advertising? A) pastel messages from the Viral & Hjelmberg shop in the 1920s B) advertising produced by Magnus Viral in the 1990s. C) short action stories on the web that friends pass on to friends D) advertisements about cold cures and healthcare products

Q: This theory states that the media tell people what to think about, not what to think. A) Two-step model B) Bullet model C) Mean-world theory D) Agenda-setting theory

Q: The process of the media telling people what issues they should pay attention to is called __________.

Q: In the Supreme Court’s ruling on Near v. Minnesota, prior restraint was banned except in extraordinary circumstances such as life-or-death situations or wartime.

Q: Mathew Brady is known for his photographic coverage of the U.S. Civil War.

Q: The New York Times established a reputation for courageous reporting with the Tweed scandal.

Q: A new technology that promises to do for viewing movies in a theater what HDTV did for viewing television at home is called A) d-cinema. B) HDMP. C) high-def projection. D) super screen.

Q: Word-of-mouth testimonials, friends talking to friends, is known as A) traditional advertising. B) media advertising. C) brand watch. D) buzz advertising.

Q: When media decide to cover certain issues and people, the media are producing an effect called A) status conferral. B) agenda setting. C) two-step flow. D) hypodermic needle model.

Q: The Internet is almost entirely __________ in terms of political content.

Q: Charles Schenck and Elizabeth Baer were arrested for distributing anti-war pamphlets about the Vietnam War.

Q: The technology involved in early film and movies was electrical chemistry.

Q: A compromise between free access and a subscription fee, paywalls allow online newspaper readers to access a limited number of stories for free but blocks them from more until they pay.

Q: First there was time shifting; now there is space shifting as consumers can watch television at any location with handheld screens. These have resulted in A) increased advertising revenue. B) longer programming on traditional TV. C) television adapting to its viewers habits. D) fewer shows being produced

Q: Some historians argue that yellow journalism may have helped to precipitate which war? A) the U.S. Civil War B) the Revolutionary War C) the Spanish-American War D) World War I

Q: Sports programming continues to be a huge profit center for television.

Q: A number of shorter ads competing against one another during the same commercial break on television is n known as A) subliminal messaging. B) ad clutter. C) subception. D) saturation advertising.

Q: Opinion leaders are key in understanding the A) narcoticizing dysfunction. B) powerful effects theory. C) two-step flow model. D) self-induced passivity.

Q: The Federal Communications Commission has largely abandoned the __________, a policy which required broadcasters to air all sides of controversial issues.

Q: The Alien and Sedition acts made it illegal to criticize government leaders and policies.

Q: Photography and movies have relied on chemical technology throughout most of their history.

Q: Newspaper chains are more concerned with strong news content than profit.

Q: Early technologies for time-shifting your television viewing required you to record and later playback programming, a newer time-shifting technology in which you don’t have to record is A) Betamax. B) dynamic video C) My-TV. D) video-on-demand.

Q: The Pulitzer-Hearst circulation war can be traced to A) a battle for the affections of Nellie Bly. B) a desire to use the newspaper as a stepping stone to political office. C) a quest to sell more copies. D) a desire to gain access to the wealthiest circles in New York City.

Q: A product that makes money but eventually leads to losses is called a loss leader.

Q: The requirement that stations offer competing political candidates the same opportunities and conditions for airing their viewpoints as their opponents is called the __________ rule.

Q: News media are called the third branch of government.

Q: Henry Luce started Life magazine in 1964.

Q: The year 2008 was particularly grueling for the newspaper industry with losses of an estimated 20,000 jobs.

Q: Time-shifting devices such as TiVo A) have been welcomed by television advertisers. B) undermine the attraction of television as an advertising vehicle. C) allow advertisers to reach potential customers in greater numbers. D) reduce costs for advertisers.

Q: Senator McCarthy’s inconsistencies, questionable behavior, and unsubstantiated accusations were finally revealed by A) Bob Woodward while working as a reporter for the Washington Post. B) Edward R. Murrow while working as a television reporter for CBS News. C) Richard Nixon while heading a U.S. House investigative sub-committee. D) Walter Cronkite while he was the anchorman for CBS Evening News.

Q: Television commercials have been shortened from 60 seconds in the early days of television to A) 45 seconds. B) 30 seconds. C) 15 seconds. D) 10 seconds.

Q: According to the two-step flow model, we are motivated less by the media and more by people we know personally and respect. These contacts are known as A) opinion leaders. B) researchers. C) cumulative contacts. D) network effectors.

Q: The Lazarsfeld studies in the 1940s found that most voters A) value friends and acquaintances’ opinions more than editorial endorsements. B) actively seek out media information in weighing choices of candidates. C) value media more than friends for advice. D) check their choices against media recommendations.

Q: The __________ to the U.S. Constitution says the government shouldn’t place restrictions on the press.

Q: The First Amendment brought the United States into line with nations worldwide in guaranteeing free expression.

Q: With the launch of Sports Illustrated in 1934, photography moved the magazine industry into new visual ground.

Q: There are more morning newspapers in the U.S. than afternoon newspapers.

Q: Compared to high-risk blockbusters, B-movies are popular with studios because they are usually a safe bet financially. They are described by all of the following EXCEPT A) casts consist of entirely unknown actors, never any stars. B) generally formulaic movies that offer little in terms of creative story-telling or moviemaking. C) likely to be sequels, remakes, or niche-audience films that lack broad appeal. D) unlikely to make a lot of money, but almost certain to return some profit.

Q: The communist scare fueled by Senator Joseph McCarthy was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A) an assassination attempt on McCarthy by Soviet KGB operatives. B) reports of a spy ring operating with the U.S. State Department. C) reporters accurately quoting and paraphrasing exactly what the Senator said. D) reporters failing to examine discrepancies in McCathy’s allegations.

Q: Roone Arledge created Wide World of Sports.

Q: Halftones allow us to see shapes and images produced by variously sized dots of ink.

Q: Newspaper chains grew considerably in the 1970s and 1980s.

Q: Throughout its history, movie theaters have adapted to the changing demands of the audience. Which of the following is NOT one of the adaptations? A) installed plush seats B) created multiplexes C) converted to digital D) prohibited iPods in theaters

Q: The problems that the text highlights with the Bennett model of news include all of the following EXCEPT A) deadline haste often undermined high-quality and in-depth reporting. B) ego-driven reporters aggrandized themselves and got front-page coverage with sensationalism. C) too often reporters simply accepted “the official version of stories” instead of investigating D) trends that weren’t tied to big, recognizable events were often overlooked and went unreported.

Q: Henry Luce, the publisher of Time and Life, created Sports Illustrated in 1954.

Q: Clutter in advertising is defined as A) too many visual elements competing for attention within an ad. B) an unhealthy mix of competing advertisers pitching the same product. C) too many ads running one after another in a television commercial break. D) too many agencies competing for the same advertising business.

Q: Who was the sociologist who became known for studying the effects of the media on elections? A) Walter Lippman B) Harold Lasswell C) Paul Lazarsfeld D) T.E. Lawrence

Q: Edmund Burke referred to the press as the __________ Estate.

Q: People who are known to have illegally downloaded music are receiving pre-litigation notices from the music industry warning them to pay an out-of-court settlement of several thousand dollars now or be sued in court for copyright violation.

Q: The Recording Industry Association of America is e-mailing individuals to inform them of their legal liability for violating federal copyright laws by unlawfully downloading or sharing music.

Q: Photography began to increase the communicative power of the written word in the mid-1900s.

Q: Benjamin Franklin was a harsh critic of newspaper chains.

Q: In the decades before World War II, going to a movie theater in the downtown section of a large city was a first class experience that probably included all of the following EXCEPT A) air-conditioning – the first ever available in public buildings in the U.S. B) cocktails and free hors d’oeruvres. C) lavishly decorated lobbies and lounges with plush velvet wall paper. D) well-groomed, uniformed doormen and ushers to escort patrons to their seats.

Q: Which one of the following helped develop the concept of journalistic objectivity in news? A) the Spanish-American War B) creation of the Associated Press C) increase in advertising revenue D) government regulation

Q: The first play-by-play broadcast of a baseball game took place in 1943.

Q: Running a condensed version of an ad after the original has been introduced is a practice called A) trailing. B) barraging. C) bunching. D) waving.

Q: A newspaper publisher “outranks” its editor, even an editor-in-chief.

Q: A new form of television that includes brief episodic stories for delivery through the Interneis called A) Zines B) WebTV C) Webisodes D) InterTV

Q: As it evolved, the Bennett model of news became all of the following EXCEPT A) deadline-driven. B) event-based and reactive. C) objective and neutral in tone. D) bylined to feature highly visible reporters.

Q: Newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer fueled audience interest in sports after organizing the first separate sports department in his New York World in the 1880s.

Q: Bunching is A) running multiple condensed versions of an ad after the original has been introduced. B) using less-expensive media to promote a campaign that’s already run. C) scheduling ads in intensive bursts. D) promoting a product during a specific, limited period.

Q: Sociologist Paul Lazarsfeld conducted voter behavior studies in the 1940s and found that A) his research supported the powerful effects theory. B) the bullet theory was essentially true for political issues and candidates. C) Individuals were influenced more by the mass media than by their friends. D) voters were more influenced by other people than by the mass media.

Q: When the votes were all counted, Linda McMahon, queen of World Wrestling’s Smackdown, had __________ her $50 million campaign for the U.S. Senate.

Q: Meg Whitman, former CEO of eBay, spent close to $200 million on her 2010 campaign to become governor of California.

Q: It is estimated that more than half of all college students illegally download music and movies.

Q: Pulp fiction is a derisive term for cheap novels.

Q: The belief that individuals underestimate the impact media have on them personally but overestimate the impact media messages have on other people is called the A) aggressive stimulation theory. B) consistency theory. C) third-person effect. D) selective exposure.

Q: The role of television and other visual media in politics can certainly be disputed.

Q: The Recording Industry Association of America has decided not to pursue legal action against college students who illegally download music.

Q: Movable metal type allowed more effective exchanges of information among scientists and other scholars.