Q&A Hero

Q: This technological innovation of the 1440s allowed scientists to print their theories and experimental results for wide dissemination. A) photography B) printing paper C) rotary press D) movable metal type

Q: The key factor in the amazing growth in the number and size of newspaper chains in the 1970s and 1980s was A) an increasing public hunger for more news. B) an unexpected decline in television viewing. C) increased profitability among newspapers made them a desirable purchase. D) new telecommunications systems made it easier to manage papers in multiple locations.

Q: Organizing a “front organization” that looks like a grassroots group but is actually sponsored as part of some organization’s or individual’s public relations campaign is called __________.

Q: PRIZM is a system that has classified and grouped every ZIP code according to the demographic characteristics of the people who live within those areas.

Q: In the Burden opinion, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the First Amendment protection of the print media, even if they are unbalanced and unfair in their coverage.

Q: The Schenck case determined that A) stolen government documents cannot be used in public media. B) the government has no special powers against free expression during wartime. C) the government can only take wartime actions if classified information is being revealed. D) the government can limit free expression when the nation is at war.

Q: In terms of ethics, being concerned about your own personal safety and well being is a reflection of your duty to __________.

Q: Although the Chinese invented paper and created the first print culture, their movement toward the mass production of printed works in China stalled because of A) a lack of materials. B) the Chinese language having more than 5,000 basic characters. C) an internal civil war. D)insufficient financial support.

Q: The term wasn’t developed until much later, but the first “newspaper chain” in the U.S. was created by A) Benjamin Day B) Benjamin Franklin C) Frank Gannett D) William Randolph Hearst

Q: Roone Arledge created what popular sports program for ABC in 1961? A) Wide World of Sports B) Friday Night Fights C) Monday Night Football D) WWF Smackdown

Q: Who created Sports Illustrated? A) Jim McKay B) James Gordon Bennett C) Vince McMahon D) Henry Luce

Q: PR professionals who work on campaign management, survey research, media relations, image consulting, and more for elected officials specialize in __________.

Q: Habits of youth stick with a generation as it gets older.

Q: The fairness doctrine has been strengthened in recent years.

Q: A constitutional prior restraint violation probably has occurred when A) the government heads off an utterance before it is made. B) an editor eliminates controversial passages from a Danielle Steel manuscript. C) an author reconsiders a passage that might offend readers. D) a U.S. senator recants something she said in an interview.

Q: A statement that defines acceptable and unacceptable behavior is called a(n) __________.

Q: The man who invented movable type and printed at least 200 Bibles with it was A) Richard Hoe. B) Frederick Ives. C) Johannes Gutenberg. D) Martin Luther.

Q: Newspaper readership in the U.S. peaked in A) 1958. B) 1984. C) 2001. D) 2008.

Q: Describe how public radio and commercial radio differ in terms of station ownership, sources of financial support, and general programming content. With these differences in mind, discuss which type of stations you would expect to be more responsive to its audience members and their interests.

Q: Behavioral targeting works best on Google.

Q: Following rules to make morally right decisions is called __________ ethics.

Q: This innovation made the printing press an agent for mass communication. A) paper in rolls B) lithographic film C) printing ink D) movable metal type

Q: Newspaper circulation in the U.S. continues to A) skyrocket. B) decline. C) increase but more slowly than before because of the Internet. D) hold steady after years of steady increases.

Q: Given that commercial radio stations get essentially all of their revenue from advertisers and not from listeners, discuss whether listeners or advertisers are more important to stations. Explain why it is or isn’t important for stations to keep their listeners happy.

Q: Targeted marketing has made it easier for advertisers to find potential customers.

Q: In 1921, Pittsburgh radio station KDKA was the first to carry what type of programming? A) rockabilly music B) rhythm and blues music C) play-by-play football games D) play-by-play baseball games

Q: When public relations people engage in lobbying they often prefer to call it __________.

Q: Cohort analysis identifies audience motivations.

Q: The fairness doctrine refers to a former government rule that said that whenever the media covered an issue with two sides, the station was required to air all sides of the issue.

Q: The Alien and Sedition acts of 1798 A) protected free speech. B) penalized speech that was critical of government. C) dictated that only U.S. citizens had free speech. D) reinforced free speech in statute.

Q: Among the techniques used for audience analysis are demographics, geodemographics and psychographics.

Q: If it has offered a political candidate airtime, a broadcaster must offer the candidate’s opponent equal time under similar circumstances.

Q: What is the implied function of the media that is contained in the First Amendment? A) to operate without government subsidies B) to report on the American way of life C) to be watchdog of government D) to offer advice and consent to government.

Q: The code of ethics for journalists developed by the American Society of Newspaper Editors is called the __________ of Journalism.

Q: In addition to printing technology, mass media have been based on all of the following EXCEPT A) chemical technology. B) digital technology. C) electronic technology. D) nanotechnology.

Q: Newspapers in the 21st century include people with all of the following job titles EXCEPT A) bookkeepers. B) editors. C) publishers. D) typesetters.

Q: Describe how radio’s two-tier infrastructure reflects both local and national influences. Include at least two examples from each level of policies, practices, or people that show either a local or a national perspective.

Q: Kindle is an e-book reader to which books can be downloaded.

Q: Amazon.com was created to sell music online.

Q: 22 Celebrity coverage of sports began in 1910 with prize-fighter John L. Sullivan covering a title heavyweight fight in A) Vanity Fair. B) the New York Times. C) Sports Illustrated. D) World Fight News.

Q: Influencing public policy, especially legislation and regulations, is called __________.

Q: Calling the media the fourth branch refers to its role as a watchdog to the official three branches of government.

Q: The free expression provision of the U.S. Constitution is contained in the A) Fourth Amendment. B) Third Amendment. C) Second Amendment. D) First Amendment.

Q: Law and __________ don’t always coincide; the fact that something is illegal does NOT always mean it is also unethical.

Q: The first of the electronic media was A) film. B) sound recording. C) television. D) e-mail

Q: The basic organizational structure of most newspapers includes all of the following operating units EXCEPT A) business. B) circulation. C) production. D) sports.

Q: Discuss how file sharing and other electronic distribution of music via the Internet has changed the landscape of the recording industry, including distribution and sales. Cite three companies that were affected by these changes and explain how they were helped or hurt. .

Q: Although professional media associations periodically tweak their ethics codes to keep them current, when complex issues with conflicting duties arise these codes have only limited value in defining the right course of action.

Q: Photography and movies have relied on this technology throughout most of their history. A) chemical technology B) print technology C) electronic technology D) digital technology

Q: The basic organizational structure of most newspapers includes all of the following operating units EXCEPT A) advertising. B) circulation. C) entertainment. D) new-editorial.

Q: Explain how the long-time dependency between the radio and recording industries developed and cite the benefits that each receives from the other..

Q: eBay has almost 100 million users around the world.

Q: What was the response of major recording labels when independent producers introduced rap music? A) They initially missed the significance of it. B) They quickly added rap artists to their labels. C) They attempted to kill rap music. D) They bought indie labels.

Q: In the wake of its Gulf Oil spill __________ dramatically increased its spending for online search ads that it hoped might counter negative news coverage with more positive views of the company.

Q: A pilot is a successful TV sitcom going into reruns.

Q: Though not a formal part of the government’s structure, the press is expected to serve a watchdog function.

Q: The First Amendment protects all of the following EXCEPT A) the right to bear arms. B) the freedom of the press. C) the freedom of religion. D) the right to assemble peaceably.

Q: Traditional media products and new products are emerging from A) analog technology. B) landlines. C) digital technology. D) broadcasting.

Q: All of the following statements about the history of the newspaper industry are true EXCEPT A) as a whole, the industry never reached the profit levels of the book industry. B) chain ownership dramatically increased in the 1970s and profitability soared. C) the newspaper business model was essentially unchanged for more than 150 years. D) newspapers were the first major mass media industry.

Q: Describe the ways Pandora’s operations differ from over-the-air radio stations, especially how its playlists differ from those of radio stations. Then discuss the implications of these differences for building a community of listeners and explain which approach you think is best.

Q: The Internet Regulatory Commission is the chief oversight agency for the Internet.

Q: What happened immediately after Natalie Maines of the Dixie Chicks criticized President George Bush for the Iraq War? A) Their music sales skyrocketed. B) Legislation was introduced to censor artists. C) Their music was banned from many radio stations. D) There was no impact on music sales.

Q: __________ is based on the belief that appearances make a difference, so it’s important to create, nurture, publicize, and sometimes repair how an organization looks to the public.

Q: When USA Today was being developed, several different prototypes were designed to test readers’ reactions.

Q: The four characteristics used to distinguish the major ink-on-paper media from one another include all of the following EXCEPT A) binding. B) content. C) regularity. D) size.

Q: Match each organization in the left column with its product or accomplishment on the right.. 1) Sony Music BMG A) On-demand radio 2) Pandora B) All Things Considered 3) RIAA C) Radio listener survey company 4) FRC D)Represents the recorded music industry’s interests 5) CPB E) Lets listeners program their own musical choices 6) Arbitron F) One of the Big Four 7) Clear Channel G) First government regulatory agency for U.S. media 8) NPR H) Helps fund noncommercial broadcasting 9) TuneIn Radio I) Radio station chain

Q: Domain names are identifying labels for websites.

Q: Sam Phillips was important in the emergence of rock ‘n’ roll because he A) specialized in black artists singing popular white music. B) discovered Elvis Presley. C) defended payola even after being convicted. D) invented the term “rock ‘n’ roll.”

Q: Media relations which obtains publicity through the mass media is part of the broader tactical function of __________.

Q: Many movie directors don’t like their creative control contravened by test screenings.

Q: The mass media have a formal responsibility defined in the U.S. Constitution to be watchdogs over government.

Q: What is the Google Print Library Project? A) It catalogues every book that’s ever been written. B) It indexes history’s most notable books. C) It digitizes 15 million English-language books for online access. D) It indexes all the books, essays and articles that influenced the U.S. Constitution.

Q: The issue of plagiarism is becoming more critical with the broadening acceptance of the rampant copying that has been facilitated by digital media.

Q: Regrettably, the __________ format which has the potential for serious public dialogue most often ends up airing little more than showmanship and bluster.

Q: Internet developers always envisioned a system that could be used by commerce.

Q: Early rock `n’ rock music can be best understood as an evolution that sprang from A) the blues. B) country/western music. C) protest music. D) rockabilly.

Q: The three key tactics of most long-term public relations campaigns are promotion, __________, and advocacy.

Q: Prototype research is the term used for the newest trend in polling methods.

Q: The press is known as the third estate.

Q: What company went out of business after losing a 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case that ruled promoting illegal copying of intellectual property, in this case music, is an infringement on copyright? A) Knap-Star B) Grokster C) Betamax D) Music Downloader