Q&A Hero

Q: The flush factor is a term to describe A) the elimination of television shows with low ratings. B) firing a television personality after sweeps week. C) viewers leaving their television sets during commercials to go the bathroom. D) discarding embarrassing results from a flawed poll.

Q: Match each media expert on the left with the appropriate finding or descriptor from the right column. 1) Orson Welles A) Worries about the spiral of silence’s impact 2) Ernest Dichter B) Found little media effect on election outcomes 3) Albert Bandura C) Demonstrated radio’s power to scare listeners 4) Maxwell McCombs and Don Shaw D) Early proponent of cathartic theory of violence 5) Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann E) Classic Bobo doll beater 6) George Gerbner F) Bemoaned America’s cultural imperialism 7) Paul Lazarsfeld G) Media help lead society’s agenda-setting 8) Herbert Schiller H) His motivational research put sexual innuendo in cars 9) Southern Belle I) Media violence makes people fear for their own safety 10) Aristotle J) Typical newspaper headline stereotype

Q: Hammad bin Khalifa founded Al-Jazeera, a Qatar-based satellite news channel for Arab audiences.

Q: Which of the following is most likely considered an accidental source of plagiarism? A) swapping stories B) PR-generated material C) monitoring the competition D) subliminal memory

Q: Industrial media production can be successfully accomplished by almost anyone who has access to an Internet-capable computer and basic software skills.

Q: The __________ stimulation theory suggests that people are inspired to commit real-life violence by media depictions of violence.

Q: Media systems in Islamic regions fit a single mold.

Q: Which journalistic practice comes close to crossing the line into plagiarism? A) quoting liberally from a speech delivered by a politician B) quoting extensively in a review C) showing a clip in a movie review on television D) institutionalized exchange of stories

Q: Social media and mass communication are both mediated forms of communication.

Q: A cooperative is an organization owned and run jointly by members that share profits or benefits.

Q: The Big Four recording companies account for roughly 84% of the U.S. market and 75% of the global market for recorded music.

Q: One of the alternative financial models for media companies that was carefully examined before being totally rejected was the idea of using community foundations to operate them.

Q: One of the most successful indies in recording industry until it was bought out was Motown.

Q: When Harvard sophomore Mark Zuckerberg posted pictures of sorority members on his blog and asked people to vote for the “hotter” one, it marked the beginning of A) American Idol. B) Facebook. C) MySpace. D) America’s Next Top Model.

Q: News media coverage of their misdeeds or ineptness has caused the resignation of state governors, U.S. cabinet officials, and even one President of the United States.

Q: Dialogic theory states its best to use the telephone when communicating with a hostile news reporter.

Q: When polled with handwritten diaries, many people overstate the time they spend watching A) steamy programs. B) sophisticated programs. C) prime time cartoons. D) sitcoms.

Q: The co-dependence of the news media and government officials is an enduring and important element in the operation of U.S. democracy.

Q: Most public relations ignores mass media, leaving that to advertising.

Q: A black week in television is A) a week of programming by African-Americans. B) when no ratings are conducted. C) when a station goes off the air. D) a week without network programming.

Q: The __________ effect states that people release violent inclinations by seeing them portrayed.

Q: U.S. broadcasts into Cuba from Television Marti have been declared illegal by the International Telecommunications Union, an arm of the United Nations.

Q: What is plagiarism? A) drawing on work in the public domain B) quotations from a book in a book review C) using dialogue clips to promote a film D) using someone else’s creative work without permission or credit

Q: Their ability to exchange user-generated content is one of the main reasons “social media” became the common name for this 21st century form of communication.

Q: The Christian Science Monitor is an example of a publication that is not sponsored by an institution.

Q: The music industry is concentrated in major companies known as the Big Six.

Q: Blogs are A) on the decline after peaking in 2008. B) primarily for interpersonal communication only. C) of little importance as a form of mass communication. D) have the potential to make an computer-user a mass communicator.

Q: Public relations is a mass medium.

Q: Which is a television ratings sweeps month? A) January B) March C) June D) February

Q: A(n) __________message is one that cannot be consciously perceived.

Q: In treaties signed by most nations, including the United States, they have agreed to respect and not interfere with one another’s sovereignty over broadcasting within their national borders.

Q: What is prudence? A) extreme caution B) reliance on principles C) applying wisdom to a situation D) upholding a categorical imperative

Q: Mass communication would NOT have been possible WITHOUT the invention of technologies such as the printing press, broadcast transmitters, and Internet servers.

Q: When events such as giveaways coincide with sweeps weeks, it is an example of A) slanted results. B) a black week. C) flushing. D) hyping.

Q: Guided by Ernest Dichter’s __________, automobile manufacturers in the 1950s filled car ads with suggestive phrasing and sexual innuendo to link automobiles and sex partners in men’s minds.

Q: Blogging has worked against government control in many countries.

Q: Failing to examine and reexamine accepted practices leads to A) situational ethics. B) reliance on habits rather than principles. C) utilitarianism. D) ignoring the needs of individuals.

Q: Group communication involves an audience of more than one, all within earshot.

Q: Most of the 12,000 magazines in the United States are published by organizations that produce and distribute them to select audiences.

Q: A radio station’s playlist contains all of the songs that its DJs are allowed to play on the air.

Q: Russ Kirk, an Arizona blogger, drew 4 million hits a day after posting A) photographs of flag-draped coffins containing soldiers. B) information on the Monica Lewinsky-Bill Clinton scandal. C) photographs of the Virginia Tech shootings. D) information on Senator Trent Lott.

Q: Most news companies are cautious about reporting events or issues that might offend advertisers and make them less likely to advertise.

Q: A constituency with which a public relations professional attempts to establish beneficial relations is called a client.

Q: __________ is the Austrian psychiatrist who theorized that the human mind is unconsciously susceptible to suggestion and hidden motivations.

Q: The Iranian government tries to block radio signals from sources it considers unfavorable.

Q: Potter’s Box A) provides clear-cut answers. B) provides no answers, just a process to guide a decision. C) offers practical solutions. D) has been disproven as an effective tool.

Q: Feedback is defined as the response to a message.

Q: Robert Murdoch built one of the planet’s largest media empires, which includes Fox television networks.

Q: A big problem in the early days of rock and roll on radio, payola virtually disappeared after federal prosecutions in 1959 cleaned up the radio industry.

Q: The scandal that undid Senator Trent Lott was first reported on A) a blog. B) an online newspaper. C) a radio program. D) a network newscast.

Q: Soft news is designed to satisfy audience information wants, not needs.

Q: Where does Potter’s Box link codes of ethics to readers, society, employer and self? A) Loyalties B) Definition C) Situation D) Principles

Q: Once technology is brought into a communication situation it can no longer be considered interpersonal communication.

Q: The purchase of the Knight Ridder newspaper chain and the subsequent sale of some of its newspapers by McClatchy is an example of divestiture.

Q: Although radio stations get a discount, their purchase of music to play on the air is an important source of revenue for the recording industry.

Q: A journal-like web site with continuing narrative, generally personal, is called a(n) A) e-journal. B) blog. C) PDA. D) e-zine.

Q: “Muckraking” is a term used by journalists to describe unethical behavior of public officials.

Q: Public relations is an important management tool.

Q: The Broadcast Ratings Council A) surveys broadcasters. B) accredits ratings companies. C) rates television networks. D) confirms audience size.

Q: One culture’s dominance over another is called __________.

Q: Silver Splinter is a system for feeding specially coded Internet messages that are designed to penetrate China’s highly-effective Golden Shield firewall.

Q: US-supported trans-border mass media include Radio Farda which broadcasts in the Farsi language and Radio Liberty which beams signals into Russia.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a function of sorting through the “values” quadrant in Potter’s Box? A) identifying underling values B) matching values to available choices C) identifying moral principles associated with the values D) listing the positive and negative values

Q: People who use media, the industries that advertise in media and the companies built around media have a symbiotic relationship.

Q: Google has consistently earned more revenue than any other U.S. media conglomerate.

Q: Radio airplay of a recording company’s music is important because it helps the recording company know what artists and sounds should be recorded next.

Q: The Japanese term for “Cell phone novel” is A) keitai shosetsu. B) shogun san. C) yakusa. D) Yoshi.

Q: The public backlash from the Watergate scandal almost destroyed investigative journalism.

Q: Public relations is a persuasive communication tool to establish beneficial relationships.

Q: Congressional investigations into false and inflated claims about broadcast ratings prompted networks to create the A) Audit Bureau of Ratings. B) Pew Research Center. C) Broadcast Ratings Council. D) Institute of American Public Opinion.

Q: The first Japanese cell phone novels targeted A) busy commuters riding trains back and forth to work. B) housewives who were at home and able to read during the day. C) teen-aged girls, especially those in high school. D) young male adults who liked their fact action and erotic tone.

Q: The decision to not report on the actions of drug cartels made by fearful news executives in Mexico and other locations is a journalistic failure and amounts to self-censorship.

Q: Jeans makers successfully linked “Wear Denim to Work Day” with fund-raising efforts for key women’s charities to promote themselves as social responsible corporations and sell more jeans.

Q: Who was the first pollster to measure how many people listened to network radio programs? A) George Gallop B) A.C. Nielsen C) Archibald Crossley D) Rupert Murdoch

Q: The process through which news, ideas, and information are spread is called the __________ of innovations.

Q: In using Potter’s Box, dealing with the quadrant for “situation” involves A) imposing values. B) agreeing upon principles. C) applying the loyalties. D) selecting the facts.

Q: Technology makes it possible to draw clear distinctions between interpersonal communication and mass communication.

Q: Early in the 21st century, readership losses, primarily to the Internet, eroded confidence among advertisers in using newspapers and magazines.

Q: Radio and recorded music are based on very different technologies, but what they have in common is their interest in mass marketing sound.

Q: Newspapers earn less from advertisers than readers.