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Q:
Julian Assange, the driving force behind WikiLeaks, believes that powerful organizations, particularly governments and corporations, should operate openly.
Q:
The Hutchins Commission recommended that journalists and other media people use
A) an Aristotelian system of ethics.
B) a deontological system of ethics.
C) a pragmatic system of ethics.
D) a social responsibility system of ethics.
Q:
Which of the following media was among the first to demassify in the 1950s?
A) television
B) radio
C) magazines
D) newspapers
Q:
Critics concerned about how much influence mass media trade groups seem to exert on government regulators and the legislative process often point out
A) how ill-prepared the regulators are for doing their jobs.
B) that most media executives earn much larger salaries than the regulators.
C) the “Washington turnstile” that moves people back and forth between jobs in the media and government jobs as regulators for those same media.
D) the enormous political power and huge amounts of money that PACs and other special interest groups use in lobbying for new laws and regulations.
Q:
The first programming created by NPR was
A) Morning Edition.
B) All Things Considered.
C) A Prairie Home Companion.
D) Fresh Air.
Q:
What was the name given to the economic collapse of most investments in Internet commerce in 2000?
A) dot-com bust
B) eCollapse
C) interecession
D) financial bust
Q:
The Drudge Report, which initially reported the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal, was created with millions of dollars from its founder’s inheritance.
Q:
Advising candidates and groups on public policy issues, usually in elections, is known as
A) canvassing.
B) political communication.
C) electioneering.
D) media relations.
Q:
What kind of sampling matches the demographics of the people polled?
A) probability sampling
B) geo-demographic sampling
C) quota sampling
D) measured-interval sampling
Q:
The __________ function of the media helps people fit in to society.
Q:
In the spiral of __________, those with minority views are intimidated into not speaking up so that their opposing viewpoints fall into obscurity.
Q:
This national newspaper, launched in 1982, offered readers a “first-person” tone and enhanced graphic features that set it apart from its competition.
A) The New York Times
B) The Wall Street Journal
C) USA Today
D) Newsday
Q:
The following are all trade groups EXCEPT
A) theMotion Picture Association.
B) the Association of American Publishers.
C) the Recording Industry Association of America.
D) the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations.
Q:
Originally developed to focus on news, politics, and societal trends, many talk radio stations devolved into emphasizing all of the following EXCEPT
A) controversial and often wacky or vitriolic, personalities.
B) humor, including call-in comedy competitions.
C) self-help, heath and relationship advice.
D) sports boosterism and trivia.
Q:
David Filo and Jerry Yang developed what search engine whose name was inspired by a name in Gulliver’s Travels?
A) Google
B) Yahoo
C) Lilliput Express
D) Genie
Q:
Traditional newsroom values and ethics play a lesser role in news on the Internet.
Q:
Lobbyists are expediters because they know
A) about “the skeletons in the closet” and how to use such information.
B) local traditions and customs.
C) how government works and have personal contacts in powerful places.
D) how to protect their clients from harsh publicity.
Q:
The margin of error for a survey is
A) insignificant if enough people are surveyed.
B) critical to determine accuracy.
C) good enough as long as it’s near 5 percent.
D) needs to be 2 percent or lower for any level of confidence.
Q:
According to Andy Grove, the final stages of an aging industry follow a predictable three-stage course that occurs in the this order:
A) ignore new challenges, radical reforms, and resist change.
B) resist change, ignore new challenges, and radical reforms.
C) ignore new challenges, resist change, and radical reforms.
D) resist change, radical reforms, and ignore new challenges.
Q:
Which characteristic does NOT represent the majority of listeners to political talk shows on radio?
A) Republican
B) lower economic class
C) white
D) male
Q:
All of the following statements about Google are true EXCEPT
A) it was initially developed as a project called “Backslash.”
B) it often crashed Stanford University’s Internet connections while it was being developed.
C) its advantage over earlier search engines was ranking the search results it returned.
D) its name is a variation of the mathematical term “googol.”
Q:
To one extent or another, all news organizations choose and shape the news they report based on their perceptions of their audience.
Q:
Public relations people engaged in performing government relations are called
A) propagandists.
B) Ivy Leaguers.
C) PR agents.
D) lobbyists.
Q:
A good probability sample selection for polling
A) requires polling one in every six people.
B) gives every member of the population being sampled an equal chance.
C) will include an equal number of males and females.
D) will vary depending on the topic.
Q:
The _________ theory suggests that media do not have powerful immediate effects, but rather produce profound effects over time.
Q:
WikiLeaks was also the first to reveal the Canadian government’s secret plans to let illegal aliens sneak across its border into Alaska.
Q:
Believing that the killing of a small child in a poor urban area deserves the same journalistic attention as the killing of a small child in a rich suburban area is an example of
A) a pragmatic ethic.
B) a utilitarian ethic.
C) an egalitarian ethic.
D) the Golden Mean.
Q:
Whether they admit it or not, journalists make some story decisions on the basis of what their competitors are covering.
Q:
One of the best examples of effectively handling a public relations crisis came from
A) BP’s handling of the Gulf Coast oil spill.
B) British Petroleum’s response to an explosion and fire in a Texas oil refinery.
C) Lucky Strike’s “torches of freedom” smoking campaign created by Edward Bernays.
D) Tylenol’s handing of tampering that killed several people.
Q:
In polling for a population of 500,000 or greater, how many people are needed for 95 percent confidence with less than 5 percent error margin?
A) 384
B)1,483
C) 3,840
D) 18,340
Q:
Maxwell McCombs and Don Shaw articulated a theory that the mass media tell people what to think about, not what to think, and called it __________.
Q:
Among the accomplishments of WikiLeaks was posting evidence of corruption that led to changes in Kenya’s constitution and a more open government.
Q:
The veil of ignorance
A) allows reporters to get away with plagiarism.
B) protects journalists that accept gifts.
C) allows one to judge a decision by its results.
D) is a key part of egalitarian moral decision-making.
Q:
Network television broadcasts became a nationwide societal unifier because
A) they attracted huge audiences who all watched the same cultural fare.
B) prime time viewing hours encouraged people to stay at home with their families.
C)TV sets were manufactured in the United States and their sale created an economic boom.
D) people could choose from a wide variety of different types of programming.
Q:
What is crisis management?
A) helping a client or organization through an emergency
B) covering up the mess a predecessor has made
C) protecting the corporate hierarchy from intensive press scrutiny
D) masking the absence of a strategic plan
Q:
Probability sampling requires
A) questioning as many people as possible.
B) mostly guesswork.
C) a precise cross-section of the population.
D) that every member of the population have an equal chance to be interviewed.
Q:
__________ are people who are respected by others and to whom others look for information and guidance about what to think.
Q:
One danger of WikiLeaks is that the information posted there has never been verified; it’s accepted at face value and posted as is.
Q:
A problem with pragmatic ethics is
A) racial bias inevitably gets in the way.
B) people don’t know if their moral actions will have good results.
C) possible harm done to the silent majority.
D) well-meaning people may disagree on what’s best.
Q:
President Franklin Roosevelt’s nationwide radio addresses rallying support for programs to combat the Great Depression demonstrated the mass media’s ability to A) give equal time to opposing political viewpoints. B) unify the country by presenting common messages and shared experiences. C) make a profit by presenting political messages. D) combine information and entertainment.
Q:
Trade groups usually are formed when
A) massive layoffs unite workers across company lines.
B) related companies unite to achieve common goals.
C) unions threaten a strike that will affect an entire industry.
D) business revenues decline.
Q:
Many radio stations began dropping their expensive news operations during the 1990s when
A) the public appetite for news decreased.
B) advertising revenue began to decline.
C) the Federal Communications Commission dropped its public service requirement.
D) cable television stole their audience.
Q:
Which company is the leader in search engines?
A) Yahoo
B) Live Search
C) Google
D) Internet Explorer
Q:
The volume of news on a given day determines the length and size of a newspaper, with leftover room devoted to advertising.
Q:
The Pew Research Center studies
A) television and radio audiences.
B) attitudes toward politics and public policy issues.
C) print-media audiences.
D) local television audiences.
Q:
The __________ purports that people are motivated less by the media and more by opinion leaders.
Q:
WikiLeaks claims that those who provide classified or other secret information for its site are engaged in “principled leaking”.
Q:
John Stuart Mill believed that morally right decisions
A) were those that promoted democracy.
B) resulted in happiness for as many people as possible.
C) conformed to religious doctrine.
D) avoid extremes.
Q:
Intense rivalry between most successful media companies to reach the largest possible audience and beat out their competition
A) is as old as the mass media themselves and continues to drive the media today.
B) is no longer a part of the media environment as a result of the Internet.
C) intensified and later began to fade during the 20th century.
D) was an act staged by some unscrupulous media moguls to make more money.
Q:
The continuing trend in mass media ownership is the
A) consolidation into fewer but bigger companies dominating each industry.
B)resurgence of family-owned companies.
C) break-up of large companies into smaller spin-off ones.
D) increasing regulation of media ownership changes by the government.
Q:
What set National Public Radio and its flagship program All Things Considered apart from other radio news programming?
A) long-form stories
B) headline news
C) breaking news
D) two-minute news segments between Top 40 hits
Q:
Sergey Brin and Larry Page developed what search engine in 1996?
A) Yahoo
B) Google
C) Genie
D) Respondus
Q:
The principle of utility most closely parallels the democratic principle of
A) life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
B) one person, one vote.
C) innocent until proven guilty.
D) majority rule.
Q:
English thinker John Miltonadvocated exposure to competing ideas as the best way to discover truth in a concept he termed the
A) information-persuasion dichotomy.
B) marketplace of ideas.
C) information revelation function.
D) media market.
Q:
An industry dominated by a few companies is called
A) a monopoly.
B) conglomerated.
C) an oligopoly.
D) saturated.
Q:
The programming innovator who created the all-news radio format was
A) Edward R. Murrow.
B) Gordon McLendon.
C) Garrison Keillor.
D) Walter Cronkite.
Q:
What was the first commercially successful Internet browser called?
A) Explorer
B) CompuServe
C) Firefox
D) Netscape
Q:
The news hole in a newspaper is more consistent than a news hole in a television newscast.
Q:
John Kenney, who created BP’s unsuccessful campaign to enhance its image ruefully admitted that the biggest reason it failed was that it was
A) “a false front without substance.”
B) “mere marketing.”
C) “over-shadowed by similar campaigns from other oil companies.”
D) “woefully underfunded for such a massive campaign.”
Q:
WikiLeaks.org may be able to use the Internet to force humans to adopt new governance structures by encouraging people who are aware of government wrong-doing to post documentary evidence proving it on their site.
Q:
The most obvious form of mass media intended to persuade is
A) advertising.
B) books.
C) newspapers.
D) television.
Q:
Steve Jobs co-founded
A) Google.
B) Apple Computer.
C) Microsoft.
D) News Corp.
Q:
Such radio pioneers as Edward Murrow helped radio pioneer breaking news coverage during
A) World War I.
B) World War II.
C) the Cold War.
D) the Vietnam War.
Q:
What Internet service provider first dominated the Internet in the 1990s?
A) CompuServe
B) America Online
C) Google
D) Prodigy
Q:
Rachel Maddow beat Larry King of CNN in the ratings more than half of the time in her first two months on the air with MSNBC.
Q:
In an elaborate attempt to make-over its image British Petroleum went so far as to drop its long-time name can henceforth call itself BP, saying that “BP” stood for
A) balanced petroleum.
B) better performance.
C) better petrol.
D) beyond petroleum.
Q:
What does the Gallup Organization usually measure?
A) human nature and behavior
B) television audience size
C) magazine circulation
D) radio audience size
Q:
The broad category of theories that say mass media effects are mostly indirect or even non-existent is called __________ .
Q:
The early business model for Internet portals with access limited mostly to proprietary content was called
A) limited-access portal.
B) shielded content.
C) walled gardens.
D) firewall protected.
Q:
Right-wing commentator Rachel Maddow has proven the skeptics wrong by managing to survive in what had been the “old boys’ club” of cable network political commentators.
Q:
What is it called when a company’s image is promoted rather than a product?
A) institutional advertising
B) image management
C) adversarial PR
D) puffery
Q:
Arbitron is known for
A) tracking television network audiences.
B)measuring radio audiences in local broadcast markets.
C) using people meters.
D) tracking audience members who cross-over from one medium to another.
Q:
Other names for the overrated powerful effects theory are the hypodermic needle model or the __________ model.
Q:
News reporters who are assigned to and stay with a particular military unit while it conducts its missions are “embedded.”
Q:
Media people can carry out the categorical imperative by
A) treating others as they would like to be treated.
B) applying moderation in all things.
C) following what they would want to be universal law.
D) seeking happiness for the greatest number.
Q:
During the 1970s, AM stations experienced a declining audience as listeners fled to
A) television.
B) cassette recordings.
C) FM radio.
D) cable television.
Q:
The first three phases in the process of turning a new technology into a successful mass media industry include all of the following EXCEPT
A) Inspiration – the spark of an idea about a new way to communicate, i.e., a new medium.
B) Invention – creating new equipment and/or processes needed to operate a new medium.
C) Entrepreneurship – developing a viable way to make money from a new mass medium.
D) Industry – imitators arise to compete with the pioneers in the new medium.
Q:
Comedies, dramas, variety shows and quiz shows, which once dominated network radio programming, migrated to television during which decade?
A) 1930s
B) 1940s
C) 1950s
D) 1960s
Q:
The Internet emerged as a major mass medium in the
A) 1970s.
B) 1980s.
C) 1990s.
D) 2000s.
Q:
The watchdog function of news media is implied in the U.S. Constitution.