Q&A Hero

Q: Approximately what percentage of Americans agreed that most of us buy and consume more than we need? a. 20% b. 40% c. 60% d. 80%

Q: Considering the differences between a news story on TV and one on the Internet is part of a. making cross-channel comparisons. b. becoming more skilled at designing messages. c. not taking privacy for granted. d. taking personal responsibility.

Q: The text suggests that before putting any message out on the Internet, you should a. triple check it for spelling and grammar errors.

Q: Which is the hardest media literacy guideline to follow? a. Making cross-channel comparisons b. Becoming more skilled at designing messages c. Not taking privacy for granted d. Taking personal responsibility

Q: Which of the following indicates high levels of development or media literacy? a. A person who watches television by default until she falls asleep b. A person who easily gets angry without being able to control emotions c. A person who purposely watches television to manage his mood d. None of the above

Q: At the highest level of development or media literacy, people a. feel a personal identification with characters. b. share the media experience with others. c. analyze aesthetic and moral elements. d. All of the above

Q: Reality TV is a genre that appeals to a. only people at the lowest levels of media literacy. b. people at the medium level at media literacy. c. only people at the highest levels of media literacy. d. people at all levels of media literacy.

Q: The key question to ask when examining your opinions is, a. Are my opinions always right? b. Do my opinions match public opinion? c. Are my opinions well reasoned? d. Are my opinions strong enough?

Q: When a message meets our expectation, a. we stop our exposure and look for another message. b. we continue our exposure in an automatic state. c. we continue our exposure with increased mental effort. d. None of the above

Q: If you seek out a media message as the best way to meet a particular need, a. you are making too much effort. b. you are minimizing your exposures. c. you are maximizing your exposures. d. None of the above

Q: If you engage in habitual exposure patterns with no personal goals, a. you are media literate. b. you are a tool of the mass media. c. you enjoy the mass media. d. you hate the mass media.

Q: If you do not occasionally explore the range of media messages out there, a. you will likely default to a narrower and narrower focus over time. b. you will focus on messages that best fulfill your needs. c. you can still have an accurate awareness of your exposure. d. your range of exposure will expand

Q: When you explore new websites, TV shows, or magazines, you a. waste your time. b. focus on personal goals. c. broaden your exposure. d. None of the above

Q: The key to knowledge is that it is a. hard to understand. b. easy to understand. c. complicated. d. useful.

Q: We allow the media to determine for us how much information we get when we a. are in the self-reflexive state. b. have low interest in a topic. c. already have strong knowledge structures about the topic. d. All of the above

Q: What is a media literate approach to dealing with television content? a. Avoiding fantasy elements b. Categorizing content as either fantasy or reality c. Being aware of the fantasy-reality continuum d. Not watching any reality television shows

Q: All of the following statements are true, except a. fantasy messages can be very entertaining because of their imaginative or humorous appeal. b. fantasy messages can stimulate us to think creatively. c. fantasy is a model to imitate. d. All of the above messages are true.

Q: Examining your mental codes involves a. asking yourself to what extent you have programmed your media habits to serve your needs. b. asking yourself to what extent the mass media have programmed your media habits to meet their needs. c. reprogramming your mental codes to better satisfy your needs. d. All of the above

Q: Examining your mental codes means asking yourself a. to what extent you have programmed your habits to serve your needs. b. what your needs are. c. what your opinions about the media are. d. All of the above

Q: The purpose of developing a personal media literacy strategy is to a. forsake all automatic processing. b. gain control over the process of influence that the media currently dominate. c. consume more media products. d. None of the above

Q: A combination of an awareness of your goals along with the drive energy to seek information and experiences to attain your goals refers to your a. personal locus. b. mental code. c. literacy score. d. fluid intelligence.

Q: Analyzing your goals means asking yourself a. what kind of people make you happy. b. how you most enjoy spending your time. c. what you really want to achieve in life. d. All of the above

Q: Thinking about where goals came from means reflecting on a. media content. b. media audiences. c. media professionals. d. role models.

Q: Define and exemplify manifested media effects and process effects.

Q: Define and exemplify immediate effects and long-term effects.

Q: Name, explain, and exemplify three types of media effects.

Q: Define and exemplify unintentional and intentional media effects.

Q: Name and discuss three characteristics about a person that constitute influences on the media effects process.

Q: To increase your media literacy you need to a. recognize immediate effects. b. recognize long-term effects. c. consider what you have internalized from the media culture. d. All of the above

Q: If we limit our attention to only manifested effects, we will greatly overestimate the degree of influence the media exert on us. a. True b. False

Q: The public and media critics are fixated on manifested effects. a. True b. False

Q: An immediate effect lasts only for a short period of time. a. True b. False

Q: Long-term effects happen only after many exposures to media messages. a. True b. False

Q: Physiological-type effects are within our conscious control. a. True b. False

Q: Media only seem to exert a negative influence on society. a. True b. False

Q: You can experience intentional and unintentional effects at the same time. c. True d. False

Q: We are always in a process of being influenced by mass media messages. a. True b. False

Q: Cognitive abilities have no influence on the way in which a person is affected by the media. a. True b. False

Q: It is possible to control the process of media effects in your life. a. True b. False

Q: What can we do to expand our media literacy regarding media effects? a. Understand that effects are constantly occurring b. Understand that the media work with other factors in our lives c. Understand that you can control the effects process in your own life d. All of the above

Q: The valence of an effect refers to whether it is a. weak or powerful in nature. b. in a positive or negative direction. c. influential at the individual or societal level. d. None of the above

Q: When the goals of the media are in conflict with your goals, it typically results in a. intentional effects. b. physiological-type effects. c. negatively valenced effects. d. contradictory effects.

Q: Intentional media effects refer to those effects that a. individuals seek out to fulfill specific needs. b. occur in the attentional state. c. occur in the self-reflexive state. d. have a positive valence.

Q: Unintentional media effects a. only happen when we are in a state of automaticity. b. can occur at the same time as intentional media effects. c. are always negative. d. are always long term.

Q: Sandra reads The New York Times every day to stay informed about recent world affairs. Thus, for Sandra, the effect of becoming informed is a. cognitive type and intentional. b. attitudinal type and positive. c. intentional and long-term. d. cognitive type and unintentional.

Q: Nicholas starts playing video games because he is bored over Christmas break. Eventually, he becomes addicted to the games and spends less and less time on his homework. This effect on his dedication to school work is a. intentional and emotional type. b. unintentional and behavioral type. c. negative and attitudinal type. d. negative and intentional.

Q: Which of the following factors influence the media effects process? a. Characteristics of a person b. Characteristics of a message c. Both characteristics of a person and characteristics of a message d. Neither characteristics of a person nor characteristics of a message

Q: Which of the following factors influence the media effects process? a. Cognitive abilities b. Sociological factors c. Motivations d. All of the above

Q: Allisons parents taught her from an early age that happiness is not dependent on financial success. Because of this, her belief in the meaning of happiness is resistant to change. This is an example of which influence that can contribute to the media effects process? a. Media exposure habits b. Development maturities c. Sociological factors d. Arousal

Q: The fact that some people judge others based on the impossible beauty standards set by the media is an example of a. an attitudinal-type effect. b. a behavioral-type effect. c. an opinion-type effect. d. an emotional-type effect.

Q: The effect of gradually losing the ability to feel sympathy for victims both in media portrayals and in real life after years of exposure to media violence is called a. desympathization. b. desensitization. c. the numbness effect. d. the callous effect.

Q: Rebecca listens to classical music to relax (i.e., reduce her heartbeat and rate of breathing). The intended media effect here is a. emotional type. b. behavioral type. c. physiological type. d. psychological type.

Q: Physiological-type media effects a. are usually beyond our conscious control. b. can wear down over time. c. involve our automatic bodily systems. d. All of the above

Q: A macrotype effect refers to an effect that a. influences more than one person at the exact same time. b. lasts for a long period of time. c. is particularly powerful. d. influences institutions, organizations, and society.

Q: All of the following are true about media and the institution of family, except a. divorce rates have been climbing since television penetrated our culture. b. many popular television series portray married life in a negative manner. c. television is the only factor that has influenced the trend toward the breakdown of the traditional family. d. media have the potential to bring the family together to share a common experience.

Q: Which of the following is true about the timing of media effects? a. Long-term effects are easier to notice than immediate effects. b. Long-term effects are enduring, while immediate effects are fleeting. c. Long-term effects can show up after a single exposure. d. Immediate effects occur during or immediately after exposure.

Q: Perhaps the most pervasive yet overlooked media effect is a. the cognitive-type effect. b. the behavioral-type effect. c. the attitudinal-type effect. d. the emotional-type effect.

Q: By observing role models such as famous athletes and musicians, we gather information about what it takes to by happy and successful. This is an example of a. an attitudinal-type effect. b. a cognitive-type effect. c. an aspirational effect. d. a brainwash effect.

Q: All of the following are types of media effects, except a. belief-type effect. b. attitudinal-type effect. c. emotional-type effect. d. valence-type effect.

Q: Media effects on attitudes a. are stronger at the specific level than at the general level. b. are related to beliefs because beliefs are standards. c. are always unintentional. d. are called belief-type attitudes.

Q: Name and discuss the steps you need to take to increase your media literacy with regard to content.

Q: Mass media effects a. occur after exposure to negative messages. b. are constantly occurring in a complex process. c. are only changes in behaviors. d. only happen to children and teens.

Q: If we have a narrow perspective of what media effects are, we will be a. less affected by negative influences. b. motivated to increase our media literacy. c. unable to perceive the many effects that are occurring around us. d. in greater control of the medias influence on us.

Q: Media effects that we easily observe, such as people cheering for a team when watching a football game on TV, are known as a. process effects. b. baseline effects. c. visible effects. d. manifest effects.

Q: The media constantly influence our thoughts and feelings, whether or not this influence is apparent to others. The effects are called a. manifest effects. b. process effects. c. fluctuation effects. d. subliminal effects.

Q: On which types of effects are the public and media critics fixated? a. Manifest effects b. Process effects c. Baseline effects d. All of the above

Q: According to the text, the timing dimension of a media effect refers to a. a viewers maturity level when experiencing the effect. b. how long an effect lasts. c. when evidence of the effect starts to show up. d. None of the above

Q: When you are influenced by a media message during exposure, you experience a. an immediate effect. b. an intended effect. c. a real-time effect. d. an exposure effect.

Q: Long-term effects manifest a. immediately and last for a long time. b. after exposure to one powerful media message. c. only after many exposures. d. when we least expect it.

Q: Name and explain the story formulas of the traditional subgenres of the entertainment genre.

Q: Describe the process of video game design, step by step.

Q: Messages that share the same content formulas have been placed in the same genres. a. True b. False

Q: According to the text, the issue of reality entails making a simple decision about whether something actually happened. a. True b. False

Q: Every media message is a mix of reality and fantasy. a. True b. False

Q: Next-step reality does not apply to news programs. a. True b. False

Q: People expose themselves to the media to find messages they cannot get in real life. a. True b. False

Q: A tragedy must have characters that are noble and good. a. True b. False

Q: An important element of the mystery formula is withheld until the mystery is solved. a. True b. False

Q: To get in the flow, people must immerse themselves in a task so that they lose all track of time and place. a. True b. False

Q: To increase our media literacy, we need to increase our capacity to compare patterns of media messages with corresponding patters in the real world. a. True b. False