Q&A Hero

Q: People who have a monochronic time orientation are A. careful about scheduling of time B. relaxed about their use of time C. rarely worried about wasting time D. comfortable waiting a long time for other people E. often from Latin American or African countries

Q: "People should wait until they are in their thirties to marry" is an example of a proposition of A) value B) policy C) fact D) attitude

Q: According to communication accommodation theory, we tend A. not to adapt our communication in different situations B. to change our communication if we dislike the receiver C. not to change our communication if we like the receiver D. to adapt our communication when seeking to establish relationships with others E. none of the options are correct

Q: "It is wrong for us to deny gay and lesbian couples the right to marry" is an example of a proposition of A) value B) policy C) fact D) attitude

Q: If Cadence wants to become closer to Ravi, according to communication accommodation theory, she should A. decrease her speech rate B. make less eye contact C. use more ambiguous wording D. adapt to Ravi's communication preferences E. all of the options are correct

Q: "Reducing the taxes that businesses pay will lead to lower unemployment and a stronger economy" is an example of a proposition of A) value. B) policy. C) fact. D) attitude.

Q: In a high-context culture, communicators A. presume that listeners share extensive knowledge with them B. do not feel a need to provide explicit information to listeners C. rely more on indirect and ambiguous language to create meaning D. all of the options are correct E. none of the options are correct

Q: A culture that values straightforward, direct talk can be described as A. no-context B. ethical C. empathic D. low-context E. high-context

Q: Which of the following definitions is most closely related to the concept of belief? A) the thoughts we have about what is true and real B) our general evaluations of people, ideas, objects, or events C) the manner in which we act or function D) our deeply held convictions about what is right and wrong morally

Q: World-mindedness involves A. demonstrating respect for other cultures B. accepting other people's expressions of their cultures C. avoiding the tendency to evaluate others' cultures D. treating members of other cultures with respect E. all of the options are correct

Q: The statement "School is fun" is an example of a(n) A) value. B) attitude. C) belief. D) behavior.

Q: "The process of influencing (often changing or reinforcing) others' attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors on a given topic" defines which of the following terms? A) persuasion B) interrogation C) coercion D) informing

Q: Julie is concerned about the thoughts and feelings of others; however, she often does not get her own needs met and is perceived as being too nice. What component of intercultural competence is she lacking? A. appropriateness B. effectiveness C. ethics D. behavioral flexibility E. common sense

Q: In group work, Melinda is direct, assertive, and explicitly communicates; however, she doesn"t realize that others can be offended by her communication. What component of intercultural competence is she lacking? A. appropriateness B. effectiveness C. ethics D. behavioral flexibility E. common sense

Q: "The act of using manipulation, threats, intimidation, or violence to gain compliance" is the definition of which of the following terms? A) persuasion B) interrogation C) coercion D) compliance gaining

Q: What strategy can be used to increase intercultural competence? A. ignore your perceptions B. demonstrate ethnocentrism C. convey emotional distance D. judge other cultures E. be flexible and open to new ideas

Q: Council member Dee Jackson finds herself in a difficult position. She firmly believes that approving a casino project to move forward in her community will stimulate the economy of the district she represents and will provide the money that is needed to fund both their ailing public schools and several public works projects that are critically needed. Unfortunately, she has discovered that her constituents and the other members of the city council oppose the casino being located in their community. Synthesizing what you have learned in this chapter, what advice do you have for Ms. Jackson? What should she consider as she develops her proposal and presents her appeal to her audience?

Q: While visiting Vietnam, Lan checks himself before making harsh judgments about Vietnamese culture and alternately examines a multitude of reasons behind the behaviors he observes. What intercultural competence strategy is Lan demonstrating? A. world-mindedness B. ethnocentrism C. attributional complexity D. rhetorical messages E. ethics

Q: Intercultural competence is comprised of all of the following EXCEPT A. effectiveness B. appropriateness C. prejudice D. ethics E. the ability to communicate with people from diverse backgrounds

Q: Consider the topic of the death penalty. First, construct a proposition of fact, a proposition of value, and a proposition of policy that would support elimination of the death penalty. What needs could a speaker taking a stance in repealing the death penalty appeal to in his or her speech? Second, construct a proposition each of fact, value, and policy that would support use of the death penalty for capital crimes. What needs could a speaker taking this position appeal to in his or her speech?

Q: Synthesizing what you have learned throughout this chapter and others, what role does ethics play in persuasive speaking? Why would we say that behaving ethically increases a speaker's chances of being successful at persuasive speaking? How does ethics relate to logical fallacies?

Q: The belief that one's own culture, including its values, beliefs, and practices, are superior to others is called A. world-mindedness. B. ethnocentrism. C. attributional complexity. D. communication accommodation theory. E. intercultural competence.

Q: World-mindedness is NOT A. demonstrating acceptance of and respect for other cultures. B. acceptance of other people's expression of their culture. C. avoiding the tendency to judge and evaluate others' cultures. D. believing that your own culture is superior to others. E. treating members of other cultures with respect.

Q: Describe the organizational patterns that work well for persuasive speeches. What advice would you give to a speaker to help determine whether each particular pattern would work well for his or her speech?

Q: If you are able to withhold judgment about your classmate's lack of eye contact and not assume it means he is rude, you are demonstrating what element of intercultural competence? A. world-mindedness B. ethnocentrism C. attributional complexity D. communication accommodation theory E. uncertainty avoidance

Q: What do we mean when we refer to logical fallacies? List, define, and provide examples of five forms of flawed logic, and explain what a speaker could do to avoid committing these fallacies.

Q: High-context cultures are often also A. individualistic B. low-context C. monochromic D. collectivistic E. polychromic

Q: What are the forms of rhetorical proof that Aristotle identified? Define each form of rhetorical proof and explain how a speaker would use each to effectively persuade an audience.

Q: What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs? How can a persuasive speaker use his or her knowledge of an audience's needs to create an effective speech?

Q: Which of the following findings regarding cultural display rules is FALSE? A. Chinese-Americans display less positive emotions than do Euro-Americans B. in traditional Mexican culture the expression of emotion is used less than among Euro-Americans C. within Mexican culture, directness and honesty are more important than preserving harmony D. most cultures use less direct language than Americans do in order to maintain harmony E. members of an ingroup can use more implicit language

Q: With regard to the direct use of language, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Americans tend to be direct, blunt, and honest B. Most cultures use less direct language than Americans do in order to preserve the dignity of others C. In Asian cultures, directness oftentimes clashes with the maintenance of group needs D. In Japan "OK" can actually mean No E. Members of an ingroup can use less explicit language

Q: Describe the differences among a receptive, a hostile, and a neutral audience, and explain how knowing this information helps a speaker to develop a persuasive speech. What particular advice do you have for a speaker who encounters each type of audience?

Q: Which countries have low-context cultures? A. Egypt, Switzerland, and Iran B. China, Japan, and Korea C. United States, Scandinavia, and Germany D. United States, Japan, and Germany E. United States, Korea, and Germany

Q: Compare and contrast the three types of propositions used for persuasive speeches, and provide an example of each type.

Q: Describe the criteria that make for a good persuasive speech topic. Provide an example of a poor topic and one that is suitable for a persuasive speech, and explain your evaluation of each topic.

Q: The proverbs "A stitch in time saves nine" and "Time is money" illustrate which cultural influence on communication? A. low-context B. high-context C. individualism D. monochronic time orientation E. polychronic time orientation

Q: The comparative advantage pattern is the best choice for a speaker whose audience is hostile and disagrees with the proposition that there is a problem in the status quo. A) True B) False

Q: If Maria were talking to Joe, who is from a low-context culture, she would be advised to A. use common terms, as he would not know high society terms B. expect that most of the message is in the words and not the context C. expect that most of the message is in the situation not the words D. use profanity to identify with Joe, who must be from a low class E. use silence to convey meaning

Q: Uncertainty avoidance indicates the extent to which a culture feels A. isolated from other cultures B. unsure about its status in the world C. the need to avoid modernization D. uncomfortable with unpredictability E. anxiety about its status

Q: Speakers should choose the refutational organizational pattern when their opposition has a stronger case than they do. A) True B) False

Q: While working on a small group project, one member prefers to manage and schedule meeting times, working on one problem at a time. He or she is manifesting what time orientation? A. multiculturalism B. monochromic C. polychromic D. personal E. individualistic

Q: Providing our audiences with proof that one action is likely to cause another can prevent us from committing the slippery slope fallacy. A) True B) False

Q: Prejudice is different from stereotypes in that A. prejudice can lead to stereotypes B. stereotypes can lead to prejudice C. we tend to communicate with outgroupers D. we tend to shy away from ingroupers E. we tend to exclude ingroupers

Q: "Our school year has always been set up so that students have three months off during the summer, so it makes no sense whatsoever to even consider a year-round schooling scheme." This argument is flawed because it represents an appeal to tradition. A) True B) False

Q: Persuasive speakers should avoid criticizing what others have said or done because such criticisms are always considered ad hominem arguments. A) True B) False

Q: Which of the following is a characteristic of a co-culture? A. it has more power than the dominant culture B. it strictly conforms to the dominant culture's values and norms C. Euro-American men are an example in the United States D. it has less power than the dominant culture E. none of the options are correct

Q: What is the basis of "ism"s such as racism, sexism, or ageism? A. ingroupers B. outgroupers C. benevolent prejudice D. hostile prejudice E. stereotype

Q: In a democratic nation like the United States, speakers can assume that whatever is the most popular opinion is the most logically sound alternative. A) True B) False

Q: If you believe that all people on SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) are inherently lazy and don"t deserve governmental assistance, what type of prejudice does your belief reflect? A. stereotype B. hostile prejudice C. benevolent prejudice D. outgroupers E. ingroupers

Q: Emotional appeals can put an audience in a frame of mind in which they are more receptive to logical and practical ways of dealing with the issue that has created the emotion. A) True B) False

Q: A syllogism is a specific kind of inductive argument. A) True B) False

Q: Which statement is FALSE regarding ingroup versus outgroup distinctions? A. We tend to like those who are like us. B. We are less likely to make a donation to an outgrouper. C. We form a more positive impression of members of an ingroup. D. Race is an important indicator to distinguish ingroups versus outgroups. E. We are more likely to perceive outgroupers as more trustworthy.

Q: "Over the last few years, we have increased our gas production, developed more fuel-efficient cars, and done a better job of conserving gas, but gas prices have continued to rise. Obviously the law of supply and demand is not the only factor that influences the price of oil products." These statements reflect deductive reasoning. A) True B) False

Q: If a Hispanic teenager refuses to speak Spanish outside the home, uses Spanglish inside, and only English everywhere else, what communication practice is he or she exhibiting? A. accommodation B. separation C. assimilation D. co-existence E. none of the options are correct

Q: Demonstration of goodwill toward the audience is a way of creating the speaker's pathos. A) True B) False

Q: Co-cultures have all of the following features EXCEPT A. they co-exist with the primary culture B. they can assimilate into dominant culture C. they can be learned D. they separate from the dominant culture E. they can accommodate their co-cultural identity

Q: Persuasive speakers are most effective when they combine all three forms of rhetorical proof into their presentations. A) True B) False

Q: Culture can be A. learned B. communicated C. layered D. lived E. all of the options are correct

Q: The Elaboration Likelihood Model suggests that a persuasive speaker should ensure that the way issues are presented to an audience is appropriate to their level of understanding. A) True B) False

Q: Your persuasive speech should target the needs your audience has already fulfilled because those needs are the most motivating to them. A) True B) False

Q: Culture is influenced by all of the following EXCEPT A. sexual orientation B. gender C. religion D. age E. education

Q: In low-power-distance cultures, differences in power are minimized, whereas in high-power-distance cultures, differences in power are accentuated.

Q: Esteem/ego needs typically require outside recognition of our achievement or success. A) True B) False

Q: China has high power distance, whereas the United States has moderate power distance.

Q: High-power-distance cultures can be characterized as authoritarian.

Q: Safety needs are our most basic needsthey are the things we need for survival. A) True B) False

Q: Communicators in high-context cultures tend to rely upon indirect, ambiguous languageand even silencewhen they communicate with one another.

Q: Determining whether an audience is receptive, hostile, or neutral provides the speaker with a clue to their latitude of acceptance or rejection. A) True B) False

Q: Members of low-context cultures assume that listeners share similar attitudes, values, and beliefs.

Q: Using graphic presentation aids helps most audiences comprehend and retain the information in a speech better than they would if they only heard the information. A) True B) False

Q: Members of high-context cultures need clear and explicit information to understand one another.

Q: In order to function effectively, examples need to be familiar to an audienceexamples that need to be described in detail usually have little impact on an audience's understanding. A) True B) False

Q: The United States is a high-context culture.

Q: Speakers are considered more knowledgeable and trustworthy when they know more than their audience does, so they should avoid defining terms for their audience. A) True B) False

Q: Audiences usually perceive speeches with a greater number of points to be more significant than speeches that are organized more simply. A) True B) False

Q: One suggestion for improving intercultural competence is to remember that difference doesn"t mean distance.

Q: The United States is an example of a highly feminine culture.

Q: Information overload refers to the experience of a speaker having too much information to cover within the time allotted and feeling unsure about what information to include and what to leave out. A) True B) False

Q: Effective informative speakers often have to put effort into generating audience interest in their topic by emphasizing how learning the information will benefit them, or they risk losing their audience members' attention. A) True B) False

Q: One can increase one's intercultural competence by possessing world-mindedness and practicing attributional complexity.