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Q:
24+ On a histogram, which always refers to the highest point on the distribution?
a) mean
b) median
c) mode
d) none of the above
Q:
23 Which of the following measures of central tendency is potentially misleading if the data are collected on an ordinal scale?
a) mean
b) median
c) mode
d) none of the above
Q:
22 Alison received a score of 480 on the verbal portion of her SAT. If she scored at the 50th percentile, her score represents the _______ of the distribution of all verbal SAT scores.
a) mean
b) median
c) mode
d) average
Q:
21 Suppose a sample of children reported how many voices they heard in their heads on a particular day, and that hearing voices was a relatively uncommon experience. In this case the mode
a) will show that the most common number of voices heard is zero.
b) will tell us nothing about the children who do hear voices.
c) both a and b
d) none of the above
Q:
20+ The measure of central tendency that is most useful in estimating population characteristics because it is less variable from sample to sample is the
a) mode
b) median
c) mean
d) All of the above are equally useful in estimating characteristics of the population.
Q:
19+ In using ordinal data, which measure of central tendency is probably least useful?
a) mode
b) mean
c) median
d) You cannot use any measure of central tendency with ordinal data.
Q:
18 is the symbol commonly used for the
a) mean.
b) mode.
c) median.
d) none of the above
Q:
17 When the distribution is symmetric and unimodal, which of the following are always equal?
a) mean and mode
b) median and mode
c) mean and median
d) mean, median, and mode
Q:
16+ When the distribution is symmetric, which of the following are always equal?
a) mean and mode
b) median and mode
c) mean and median
d) mean, median, and mode
Q:
15 The most commonly used measure of central tendency is
a) the mode.
b) the median.
c) the mean.
d) all are equally common
Q:
14 The chief disadvantage of the median, when compared to the mean, is that
a) it is less stable than the mean from sample to sample.
b) its location cannot be calculated algebraically.
c) it is disproportionately affected by outliers.
d) it has no disadvantages.
Q:
13 The chief advantage of the median is that
a) it represents a score actually occurring in the data set.
b) it is best used with nominal scales.
c) *it is not disproportionately affected by extreme scores.
d) it is the most commonly occurring score.
Q:
12 The median location is defined as
a) b) *
c) p(Xi=mode) > p(Xj=any other score)
d) the average score
Q:
11+ Given the numbers 6 7 9 11 15 71 86, how many numbers fall below the median?
a) 3
b) 11
c) 6 to 86
d) 6, 7, 9, and 11
Q:
10+ We are most likely to randomly pick which score from an actual data set?
a) the mode
b) the median
c) the highest score
d) the lowest score
Q:
9+ The mode of the numbers 1 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 9 is
a) 6
b) 6.5
c) 6.1
d) 9
Q:
8+ Which of the following statements about the mode is false?
a) It must be an actual score that occurred in the data set.
b) It can consist of more than one number.
c) It can be calculated algebraically.
d) All of the above are false.
Q:
7+ Which of the following is useful with data collected with nominal scales?
a) median
b) mode
c) mean
d) none of the above
Q:
6 In which of the following situations would you be most likely to use the mean as a measure of central tendency?
a) You want to report data on family income so we know how families are doing.
b) You want to measure something that has a number of outliers.
c) You want to report the average weight of airline passengers so that the pilot can estimate the weight of the plane.
d) Your boss wants to know what size T-shirts to order for the next company picnic.
Q:
5 The median location is
a) the number closest to the mean.
b) the number of scores that occur at the median.
c) the highest point on a frequency distribution.
d) the position, in an ordered series, occupied by the median.
Q:
4 The median has at least one advantage over the mean in that
a) it is not much affected by extreme scores.
b) it is easier to calculate than the mode.
c) it is usually closer to the population mean than the mode.
d) it varies less from sample to sample.
Q:
3+ If we were interested in studying salaries in the National Basketball Association, the least useful measure of the typical salary would be
a) the median.
b) the mode.
c) the range.
d) the mean.
Q:
2+ For the following set of data [5 9 5 5 2 4], the mean is
a) 4
b) 4.5
c) 5
d) 6
Q:
1 The best measure of central tendency
a) is the mean.
b) is the median.
c) is the mode.
d) depends on the data and the question you want to ask.
Q:
17+ "5s" represents what numbers on a stem-and-leaf display according to Tukey?
a) 50-51
b) 52-53
c) 54-55
d) 56-57
Q:
16 On October 25, 1978 the Washington Post presented a graphic showing the declining purchasing power of the U.S. dollar. What was worth $1 in 1958 was worth only $0.44 in 1978. They illustrated the decline in value by showing a dollar that was 3 inches by 1 inch in 1959, and one that was 1.32 inches (44% of 3 inches) by .44 inches in 1978. What is wrong with this kind of a display?
a) You can"t equate dollars in 1958 with dollars in 1978.
b) The dollar actually increased in purchasing power over that period of time.
c) There is nothing wrong with doing this.
d) *The area of the dollar is reduced by more than .44%.
Q:
15 Inglehart (1990) presented data on the mean Satisfaction with Life scores for 24 developed countries. These data follow:Country Mean Satisfaction Country Mean SatisfactionPortugal 5.5 Canada 7.2Greece 5.8 Belgium 7.3Japan 6.4 Britain 7.5Spain 6.5 U.S.A. 7.55Italy 6.5 Ireland 7.7South Africa 6.6 Luxemburg 7.75France 6.6 Finland 7.75Argentina 6.72 Norway 7.85Hungary 6.95 Australia 7.9Austria 7.1 Switzerland 7.95Netherlands 7.2 Denmark 8.0West Germany 7.2 Sweden 8.0A histogram of these data would bea) reasonably symmetric.b) positively skewed.c) very bimodal.d) impossible to draw.
Q:
14 The data in the previous question show a much higher incidence of low birth weight babies from mothers who smoke. This finding is likely to be a reliable one because
a) everyone knows that smoking is a bad thing.
b) the smokers rate of low birth weight is twice that of the non-smokers.
c) the pattern of differences occurs reliably over each of 5 years.
d) there is a general increase in low birth weight over the years.
Q:
13+ The Center for Disease Control has published statistics relating maternal smoking to low birth weight. The data follow in terms of the percentage of birth weights < 2500 grams for mothers in each of the two groups. 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993Smokers 11.36% 11.25 11.41 11.49 11.84NonSmokers 6.02% 6.14 6.36 6.35 6.56Which of the following ways of presenting the data would be most informative?a) a histogramb) a time series graph with a line for smokers and one for non-smokersc) two pie chartsd) a stem-and-leaf display
Q:
12 The following graphic is adapted from one in Wainer (1984), plotting the number of private and public elementary schools (in thousands) in the U.S. between 1930 and 1970. Wainer was presenting it as a bad example, and I have made it worse. What is bad about this example? a) The three dimensional effect only makes the graph harder to read.
b) Any change in the number of private schools is difficult to see.
c) The time intervals on the abscissa are too broad.
d) *a and b but not c
Q:
11 A stem-and-leaf display is often
a) a simplified representation of the underlying data.
b) a quick way to draw a histogram.
c) more informative than the corresponding histogram.
d) all of the above
Q:
10 When we plot a histogram, the values on the X axis are
a) the real lower limits and real upper limits
b) the midpoints
c) the integers closest to the boundaries.
d) any of the above, depending on what makes the most sense at the time
Q:
9+ For the data referred to in the previous question, the distribution would best be called
a) bimodal.
b) unimodal.
c) symmetric.
d) balanced.
Q:
8+ Assume that we had the following set of data:Score 11 12 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25Frequency 2 1 5 8 6 12 13 10 15 9 8These data would most likely be characterized asa) positively skewed.b) normal.c) negatively skewed.d) uniformly distributed.
Q:
7 In the text there was a stem-and-leaf display showing the performance of students who attended class regularly and those who often skipped class. This display illustrated
a) that poor attendees did more poorly than good attendees.
b) the shape of the two distributions.
c) the dispersion of the two distributions.
d) all of the above
Q:
6 If you created a stem-and-leaf display of the math SAT scores of all entering students in a large Midwestern state university, the leaves would most likely be
a) the numbers 2 through 8.
b) the numbers 0 through 9 (with code |6|5 = 650).
c) t, f, c.
d) the symbols * and .
Q:
5+ If you created a stem-and-leaf display of the math SAT scores of all entering students in a large Midwestern state university, the stem would best be
a) the numbers 0 through 10.
b) the numbers 200 through 800.
c) the numbers 2 through 8.
d) it is impossible to tell
Q:
4+ Outliers are
a) extreme or unusual values.
b) the lowest value in a data set.
c) the lowest and highest scores in a data set.
d) all of the above
Q:
3 The "real lower limit" of an interval in a histogram is
a) the lowest integer value for scores in that interval.
b) the midpoint of the interval.
c) the lowest continuous value that would be rounded up into that interval.
d) the smallest width of the interval.
Q:
2+ Assume that you have a set of data with 70 values spread fairly evenly between 0 and 100. The optimal number of categories for a histogram of these data would be approximately
a) 4
b) 10
c) 25
d) 50
Q:
1 Frequency distributions are used
a) as a first step in examining data.
b) as a screening device to identify questionable values.
c) to organize data.
d) all of the above
Q:
57 Use two terms to describe the following data.
Q:
56 Answer the following questions based on the graph below. a) Is the graph symmetrical?
b) Is the graph unimodal or bimodal?
c) Do the data appear skewed? If so, positively or negatively?
d) Do there appear to be outliers? If so, for what values?
Q:
55 Answer the following questions based on the graph below. a) Is the graph symmetrical?
b) Is the graph unimodal or bimodal?
c) Do the data appear skewed? If so, positively or negatively?
d) Do there appear to be outliers? If so, for what values?
Q:
54 Draw a distribution that is negatively skewed.
Q:
Which graphical technique do you think displays the data least effectively? Why?
Q:
Where do the data tend to cluster?
Q:
Is the distribution symmetrical?
Q:
Create a histogram for these data using an interval of 5 (e.g., 0 to 5, 6 to 10).
Q:
Create a frequency distribution for these data.
Q:
Create a stem and leaf plot for these data.
Q:
The previous graph is symmetrical.
Q:
46 The following graph is unimodal.
Q:
45 An outlier refers to data that falls toward the middle of a distribution.
Q:
44 Skewness refers to how symmetrical or assymetrical a distribution is.
Q:
43 87 is the midpoint of the interval from 85 to 89.
Q:
42 When a variable has many values, and each value occurs rarely, a stem-and-leaf plot is preferable to a histogram.
Q:
41 In a frequency distribution, the number of observations that fall within an interval is plotted.
Q:
40 The following is a frequency distribution. 0122231000233344893011122234445666778940000111122355799500000002335
Q:
39 The leading digits are the leaves in a stem and leaf plot.
Q:
38 Given the following numbers, 10, 25, 37, and 40, the leading digits are 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Q:
37 Assume that you have a set of data with 70 values spread fairly evenly between 0 and 100. The optimal number of categories for a histogram of these data would be approximately
a) 4
b) 50
c) 10
d) 25
Q:
36 Boxplots are graphical displays that
a) emphasize the basic characteristics of the data.
b) focus on the median and spread of the data.
c) allow us to visually see how two or more distributions compare.
d) all of the above
Q:
35 Displaying data on graphs
a) can aid communication of results to an audience.
b) can organize data in logical order.
c) can be done with computers.
d) all of the above
Q:
34 A negatively skewed distribution
a) has a tail pointing to the left.
b) has a tail pointing to the right.
c) is symmetric.
d) is also positively skewed.
Q:
33+ If the distribution of the ages of people were positively skewed, which of the following is most likely correct?
a) There are about the same number of young people as old people.
b) There are more young people than old people.
c) There are more old people than young people.
d) none of the above
Q:
32 Kurtosis is
a) the constant in the midpoint equation when graphing histograms.
b) a little-used measure of the shape of a distribution.
c) a computer graphics program.
d) a disease common to people named Kurt.
Q:
31+ To get an accurate idea about the shape of a distribution,
a) relatively large samples of data are needed.
b) computer programs are needed.
c) three-dimensional plots are usually helpful.
d) stem-and-leaf displays are the only accurate methods of presentation.
Q:
30 A frequency distribution
a) displays the average of each score received.
b) offers no more information than a collection of raw data.
c) counts the number of times each score is received.
d) does none of the above.
Q:
29 In deciding on the number of stems to use in a stem and leaf display,
a) you should always break the stems into 5 stems per every 10 units.
b) you should normally make all of the stems the same width.
c) you should generally use 10 stems in all.
d) you should disregard the frequencies of the data.
Q:
28+ Which of the following distributions can be symmetric?
a) unimodal
b) bimodal
c) normal
d) all of the above
Q:
27+ The real lower limit and the real upper limit of the interval 40-49 are
a) 39.5 and 49.5.
b) 40 and 49.
c) 40 and 50.
d) 39 and 50.
Q:
26+ The onset of eating disorders was shown to occur most often during puberty and during the late teen years in girls. A distribution of the frequencies of onset of eating disorders by age would most likely be
a) unimodal.
b) normal.
c) bimodal.
d) all of the above
Q:
25 In making plots of data, which of the following rules is true?
a) Three-dimensional plots should never be used.
b) Rules of graphical presentation are prescriptive and should never be broken.
c) The ultimate goal in making plots is to make data attractive.
d) The point of representing data graphically is better communication.
Q:
24 A normal distribution must
a) have outliers.
b) be symmetric.
c) be positively skewed.
d) be negatively skewed.
Q:
23 In the above data set, the outliers would most likely be
a) 94 and 99.
b) 36 and 99.
c) 36 and 42.
d) There are no outliers.
Q:
22 The above data set appears
a) positively skewed.
b) negatively skewed.
c) normally distributed.
d) bimodal.
Q:
21+ A data set of test scores consisted of the following:36 42 55 60 63 75 77 7879 80 83 83 84 84 85 8586 87 91 91 92 94 99 On a stem-and-leaf display, the values of the tens digits (3 " 9) area) the trailing digits.b) the leaves.c) the less significant digits.d) the stems.
Q:
20 Someone asks you if you have seen the movie Titanic. Before you answer, you look back into your memory for all of the movies you have ever seen and review the titles one at a time. This is an example of
a) parallel processing
b) frequent processing
c) sequential processing
d) sensory memory
Q:
19+ Which of the following is the least important characteristic of graphics?
a) clarity
b) beauty
c) simplicity
d) neatness