Q&A Hero

Q: 40 Which of the following do NOT go together? a) categorical data, frequency data b) measurement data, quantitative data c) quantitative data, frequency data d) frequency data, count data

Q: 39 The mean number of arrests for those who rarely attended high school would be a) a statistic. b) a parameter. c) a parametric test. d) an inference.

Q: 38 In the preceding question the dependent variable will most likely be treated as a) a categorical variable. b) a discrete variable. c) a continuous variable. d) a qualitative variable.

Q: 37 A psychologist was interested in relating the number of times a young adult had been arrested to that person's attendance in high school. The number of arrests is a) the independent variable. b) the dependent variables. c) the covariate. d) a parameter.

Q: 36 Which of the following is not a descriptive statistic? a) mean b) standard deviation c) t-statistic d) median

Q: 35 Statistics are a) only useful in analyzing experimental research in psychology. b) useful in teaching a logical approach to data (information). c) impossible to calculate without a background in calculus. d) all the data in a population.

Q: 34 Because it is impossible to make an unlimited number of observations, researchers often collect data from _______ instead of from _______. a) samples; populations b) parameters; populations c) statistics; samples d) parameters; statistics

Q: 33+ The amount of time it takes you to open a child-proof container is an example of a) frequency data. b) measurement data. c) count data. d) categorical data.

Q: 32+ Without a random sample, we cannot a) calculate statistics. b) collect quantitative data. c) accurately estimate the parameters of a population. d) consult a decision tree to decide on an appropriate statistical procedure.

Q: 31 An example of a statistical inference is a) generalizing data from a sample of girls to a population of girls. b) generalizing data from a sample of girls to a population of people. c) categorical data. d) the relationship between height and weight.

Q: 30 When is it most important to know the exact calculational formulae used to calculate a statistic? a) when it is frequently used b) when it is very complex c) when it deals with more than two groups d) when the formula is important in defining the concept

Q: 29 If you were interested in finding out how learning increases with increases in studying, what statistical question would you be asking? a) Is there a relationship? b) Is there a difference? c) Is there a variable? d) A decision tree is needed to answer this question.

Q: 28+ A researcher obtained attractiveness ratings on a scale from 1 to 100. She then classified people into "attractive" and "unattractive" groups on the basis of these scores. In this example, the researcher used _______ data to create _______ data. a) descriptive; inferential b) inferential; logical c) categorical; measurement d) measurement; categorical

Q: 27+ Which of the following is NOT a potential contextual cue in the study of mice injected with morphine? a) the morphine dose injected b) the room the injection occurs in c) the color of the cage the injection occurs in d) the size of the cage the injection occurs in

Q: 26 In deciding on which statistical procedure to employ for a set of data, which of the following questions is least important? a) Are the data measurement or categorical? b) Are we looking for differences or relationships? c) How many participants contributed to the data set? d) How many groups and variables are involved?

Q: 25 Which of the following is a logical, as opposed to a statistical, conclusion? a) If a sample of mice overdoses on morphine in novel contexts, the population of mice will also overdose. b) If mice overdose on morphine in novel contexts, human beings may also overdose in novel contexts. c) If a relationship is present, there is also a difference. d) If one child is left-handed, then all children are left-handed.

Q: 24+ Which of the following would come closest to recruiting a random sample of college students? a) drawing 50 telephone numbers from a hat containing the phone numbers of all students b) advertising for 50 volunteers with posters in the dining halls c) asking 50 people in the library on Saturday morning to participate d) calling the first 50 names from an alphabetical list of all students

Q: 23 Why is the study of mice injected with morphine useful to humans? a) Mice cannot overdose on morphine. b) Mice display tolerance to morphine, just as addicts develop tolerance to heroin (a derivative of morphine). c) Mice do not show effects of context in their tolerance to morphine. d) The study of mice cannot be related to human drug addicts.

Q: 22 Descriptive and inferential are forms of statistics, while _______ are forms of data. a) measurement and categorical b) parameters and statistics c) populations and samples d) random and nonrandom

Q: 21+ In order for a researcher to be able to estimate accurately the parameters of a population from his or her sample, the sample must be a) very large. b) racially diverse. c) low in variability. d) random.

Q: 20+ Which of the following is what we mean by "statistics"? a) average of the heights of college basketball teams b) a set of procedures for handling data c) the batting averages of the local baseball team's starting players d) All of the above are examples of statistics.

Q: 19+ Which of the following is false? a) The average score on an example for a class is a descriptive statistic. b) A sample refers to the observations drawn from a population. c) Categorical data is also known as frequency data. d) We usually collect data from an entire population.

Q: 18 Why is it appropriate to assess the number of ears college sophomores have by counting one sophomore's ears, but it is not appropriate to assess how intelligent professors are by giving one professor an IQ test? a) There is less variability in number of ears for sophomores than intelligence for professors. b) There is more variability in number of ears for sophomores than intelligence for professors. c) It is appropriate to only give one professor the IQ test. d) College sophomores are harder to assess than professors.

Q: 17+ When given a cup of coffee before a race, a sample of runners were found to run the race faster than without coffee. If we then conclude that on average runners run faster after drinking coffee, this would be an example of a) an illogical inference. b) an inferential inference. c) a statistical inference. d) a descriptive inference.

Q: 16 One of the most i

Q: 15+ Which of the following best illustrates the conclusions that statisticians draw from experiments? a) Y = 12X2 + 3X " 7 b) The average of the sample is 12.4. c) Male teenage delinquents show higher levels of testosterone on average than do male non-delinquents. d) The Gross National Product increased 2 points last year.

Q: 14 Inferential statistics are primarily concerned with a) making inferences about a population from a sample. b) describing what the data look like. c) relationships rather than differences. d) none of the above

Q: 13 The branch of statistics dealing with making comparisons between two different conditions in which subjects were tested is called a) descriptive statistics. b) test statistics. c) correlational statistics d) inferential statistics

Q: 12+ Which of the following is least likely to be a factor in selecting among statistical procedures? a) the type of data we have collected b) how many observations we have c) whether we are looking at relationships or differences d) how many groups or variables we have

Q: 11 The important thing in estimating the proportion of blue M&Ms that the manufacturer produces is a) the randomness of the sample. b) the size of the sample c) the variability from bag to bag. d) all of the above

Q: 10 Suppose that you dumped out a bag of M&MsTM and found 48 blues, 35 greens, 30 reds, and 15 browns. Which of the following seems like the most reasonable conclusion to draw? a) The manufacturer produces the same proportion of each color. b) The manufacturer produces more blue M&Ms than any other color. c) It is impossible to tell what the manufacturer is doing. d) The manufacturer produces exactly 48/128 = 37.5% blue M&Ms.

Q: 9+ Which of the following is the appropriate pairing? a) Population: Statistic ; Sample: Parameter b) Population: Parameter ; Sample : Statistic c) Population: Statistic ; Statistic : Sample d) Parameter: Statistic ; Sample : Population

Q: 8 To produce good estimates of population parameters we need to have a _______ sample. a) normal b) independent c) random d) systematic

Q: 7 Another name for measurement data is _______ data. a) frequency b) categorical c) quantitative d) numerical

Q: 6+ Which of the following is most likely to be measured categorically? a) weight gain in first year college students b) level of authoritarianism in a sample of public accountants c) species of dogs appearing in the Sunday comics d) deterioration in driving performance under the influence of alcohol

Q: 5 You would need the largest sample if you wanted to obtain a fairly accurate estimate of a) the average allowance of high school sophomores in Burlington High School. b) the average income of college students in the United States. c) the average family income in California. d) the average starting salary of graduating history majors.

Q: 4 If you want to study the effect of hormonal changes as boys reach adolescence, your sample would most likely include a) pre-adolescent and post-adolescent boys. b) adolescent boys. c) pre-adolescent and post-adolescent girls. d) adult men.

Q: 3+ If you want to study the effect of hormonal changes in adolescent boys, your population would be a) all people in the world. b) all males. c) all adolescents. d) all adolescent males.

Q: 2 The effect of context on morphine tolerance would most likely be seen by differences in a) the averages of paw-lick latencies in the same and different contexts. b) the variability of paw-lick latencies within the same and different contexts. c) number of mice tested under each context. d) both a and b

Q: 1 To understand an example, you need to understand the logic behind the experiment that serves as the example. Morphine tolerance in the example in Chapter 1 would be shown when a) paw-lick latencies decrease over time with repeated injections of morphine. b) paw-lick latencies increase over time with repeated injections of morphine. c) paw-lick latency do not vary as a function of time. d) short latencies indicate reduced pain sensitivity.

Q: Healthy recommended levels of HDLs are at least above______ in men and________ in women. a. 40 mg/dL; 50mg/dL b. 50 mg/dL; 40 mg/dL c. 40 mg/dL in both men and women d. 50 mg/dL in both men and women

Q: The most popular medications for treating high cholesterol come from a family of drugs called a. beta blockers. b. statins. c. benzodiazepines. d. SSRIs.

Q: In terms of cholesterol, which of the following is most important? a. having low levels of HDLs b. having equal levels of LDLs and HDLs c. having a healthy ratio of LDLs to HDLs. d. having a high level of LDL (over 160 mg/dL)

Q: Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) a. help keep arteries clear. b. are a type of neurotransmitter. c. are tested using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). d. cause fatty deposits to accumulate in arteries.

Q: Lowering one's cholesterol is important in lowering one's risk for a. cardiovascular disease. b. lung cancer. c. anxiety disorders. d. dementia.

Q: Due to slowing metabolism rates, older adults need a. fewer calories. b. more vitamins. c. more carbohydrates. d. to exercise more slowly.

Q: How much energy the body needs is termed a. body mass index. b. metabolism. c. body-energy expenditure. d. caloric intake.

Q: Exercise has a positive effect on______ , which are closely associated with cognitive functioning. a. the prefrontal and hippocampal brain areas b. the brain stem and temporal lobe c. the cerebellum and occipital lobe d. the parietal lobe and cerebellum areas

Q: Healthy living and good aging are promoted most significantly by exercise and a. having parents who lived to very old age. b. a healthy diet. c. not smoking. d. an optimistic attitude.

Q: Your friend Janelle is interested in calculating her maximum heart rate before she begins her aerobics class. You tell her she can do this by a. multiplying her age by 2 and adding 100. b. adding her age to 220 and dividing by 2. c. adding her age to 220. d. subtracting her age from 220.

Q: Aerobic exercise places moderate stress on the heart by maintaining a pulse rate between________ of the person's maximum heart rate. a. 5 and 20% b. 20 and 40% c. 50 and 80% d. 60 and 90%

Q: __________ , in conjunction with a healthy lifestyle, can slow the physiological aging process. a. A good outlook on life b. Immunizations c. Good relationships with family d. A program of regular exercise

Q: The focus of________ prevention programs is avoiding additional medical problems; the focus of______ prevention programs is functioning. a. primary; secondary b. secondary; tertiary c. quaternary; tertiary d. tertiary; quaternary

Q: Working with an occupational therapist after surgery to improve mobility is an example of a. primary prevention. b. secondary prevention. c. tertiary prevention. d. quaternary prevention.

Q: Efforts specifically aimed at improving the functional capacities of people with chronic conditions are called a. primary prevention. b. secondary prevention. c. tertiary prevention. d. quaternary prevention.

Q: Jose has been in the hospital for several weeks due to heart problems. Everyday a nurse helps Jose sit up in bed and move around some to prevent fluid buildup and blood clotting. This could be seen as a a. primary prevention. b. secondary prevention. c. tertiary prevention. d. quaternary prevention.

Q: ________involves efforts to avoid the development of secondary chronic conditions and manage the pain of primary chronic conditions. a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Quaternary prevention

Q: In terms of the main pathway in Verbrugge and Jette's (1994) model,________ occurs between pathology and impairments. a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. tertiary prevention d. quaternary prevention

Q: A cancer screening test is an example of a. primary prevention. b. secondary prevention. c. tertiary prevention. d. quaternary prevention.

Q: ______is instituted after a condition has begun but before any serious impairments have occurred. a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Quaternary

Q: Immunizations are an example of a. primary prevention. b. secondary prevention. c. tertiary prevention. d. quaternary prevention.

Q: _______prevention is any intervention that prevents a disease or condition from occurring. a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Quaternary

Q: According to the Administration on Aging (AoA), 70% of older adults with_________are unaware they have a serious health condition. a. diabetes mellitus b. hypertension c. high cholesterol d. breast cancer

Q: One goal of low-cost programs aimed at improving the health of older people is to a. lower the rates of abuse and neglect of older persons. b. address the lack of awareness many older people have regarding their own chronic health problems. c. increase rates of aerobic exercise among the elderly. d. reduce the rates of anxiety and depression in older people.

Q: The Healthy People 2020 Initiative sets targets for a healthier population based upon three broad goals. Which of the following is not one of these goals? a. increasing the length of healthy life b. increasing access to psychological counseling services for all c. reducing health disparities among Americans d. achieving access to preventive services for all

Q: The key strategies for successful aging include all of the following except a. maintaining an optimistic outlook. b. having plenty of resources. c. having a social network. d. having sound health habits.

Q: SOC stands for a. social, occupational, and compensatory b. selection, optimization, and compensation c. standard, operational, and control d. subjective, optimistic, and compensation

Q: An important point about quality of life is that a. it is an objective assessment. b. one's assessment always corresponds to other's evaluations. c. its assessment is highly subjective. d. it is elusive and impossible to measure.

Q: A person's subjective assessment or value judgment of his or her own life is known as a. quality of social support. b. successful life. c. successful aging. d. quality of life.

Q: Because older adults are more prone to injury, exercise programs a. should be discouraged. b. should focus on low impact aerobic approaches. c. should be high energy activities. d. should involve heavy weight lifting.

Q: Medicare Part D a. covers inpatient hospital services, skilled nursing facilities, and hospice care. b. covers outpatient hospital services and medical equipment and supplies. c. provides some prescription drug coverage. d. provides financial reimbursement to partner-caregivers.

Q: Inpatient hospital services, home health services, and hospice care are covered under Medicare a. Part A. b. Part B. c. Part C. d. Part D.

Q: To be eligible for Medicare, a person must meet one of three criteria. Which of the following is not one of those criteria? a. be over age 65 b. be disabled c. be below the poverty line d. have permanent kidney failure

Q: Over 52 million United States citizens rely on______for their medical insurance. a. Medicaid b. Medicare c. private insurance companies d. Social Security

Q: By_______, all the Social Security Trust Fund assets will be gone. a. 2014b. 2024c. 2033d. 2043

Q: How much of one's wages are provided by Social Security depends upon a. what level of education one attained. b. how much one made total across the entire employment career. c. how much one made on average during one's employment career. d. at what age one retires.

Q: Since its inception in 1935, two trends have increased the cost of the Social Security program. One is that the proportion of people who reach age 65 has increased dramatically. What is the other trend? a. Due to revisions of the original law, Social Security now represents a primary source of income for many. b. The rate of chronic illnesses has been going up since 1935. c. People's incomes have been declining since 1935. d. People are now saving more money for retirement than ever before.

Q: Which of the following most accurately describes Social Security? a. It is a pay-as-you-go system. b. It is a savings plan. c. It is a loan given by younger generations to older generations that must be paid back. d. It can go up or down dramatically like the stock market.

Q: Contrary to popular belief, Social Security is not a(n) a. entitlement plan. b. pay-as-you-go plan. c. savings plan. d. health insurance plan.

Q: Social Security is funded by a. the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). b. private donations. c. profits earned by U.S. corporations. d. payroll taxes.