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Q:
Cindy was in an accident 10 years ago. Since the accident, her cortex has ceased to function, but her brain stem has continued to function. This allows her to breathe on her own. This is an example of a
a. persistent vegetative state.
b. coma.
c. psychological fugue.
d. whole-brain death.
Q:
When a person's cortical functioning ceases but brainstem activity continues, a person is said to be in a
a. persistent vegetative state.
b. coma.
c. psychological fugue.
d. clinical death state.
Q:
According to most hospitals, lack of brain activity
a. is the sole indicator of whole-brain death.
b. only has to be absent in the brainstem for whole-brain death to be declared.
c. only has to be absent in the cortex for whole-brain death to be declared.
d. must occur in the brainstem and cortex for whole-brain death to be declared.
Q:
For a person to be declared dead, what criteria must be met?
a. the eight criteria established by the President's Commission for the Ethical Study of Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research
b. other conditions that might mimic death, such as coma or hypothermia, must be ruled out
c. lack of brain activity in the brain stem and cortex
d. all of the above conditions need to be met for a person to be declared dead
Q:
Which of the following is not a criteria for whole-brain death?
a. total lack of responsiveness to even the most painful stimuli
b. no eye movements, blinking, or pupil responses
c. no postural activity, swallowing, yawning, or vocalizing
d. a flat EEG for at least 12 hours
Q:
There are eight criteria for whole-brain death. In order for whole-brain death to be declared, how many criteria must be met?
a. 5 out of 8
b. 4 out of 8
c. 2 out of 8
d. all 8 must be met
Q:
Which of the following is not an official criteria for determining whole-brain death?
a. no spontaneous movement
b. no spontaneous respirations
c. no motor reflexes
d. stable body temperature for 24 hours
Q:
A lack of heartbeat and respiration are the two criteria for
a. cortical death.
b. brain death.
c. clinical death.
d. biological death.
Q:
The concept of death
a. is similar across cultures.
b. is completely unknown in some societies.
c. varies across cultures.
d. is a purely Westernized abstraction.
Q:
The field of study that deals with death, dying, bereavement, grief, and social attitudes toward these issues is called
a. deathology.
b. thanatology.
c. extinctism.
d. fatalology.
Q:
Randy just found out that teaching elementary school is a lot more work than he thought. This is an example of
a. occupational expectation.
b. occupational development.
c. specification changes.
d. reality shock.
Q:
Reality shock is
a. realizing that school is actually difficult.
b. realizing that you must move away from home.
c. discovering that you do not like your major.
d. discovering that the real world doesn"t work exactly like it says in the book.
Q:
Which of the following is a generational difference in occupational expectations?
a. Baby boomers are more likely to change jobs than millennials.
b. Millennials are more likely to change jobs than baby boomers.
c. Baby boomers are more likely to view traditional organizations with distrust and cynicism.
d. Baby boomers are more globally aware and prefer a work culture focused on employee development.
Q:
Young adults generally modify their career expectations at least once, usually on the basis of new information about
a. their academic ability.
b. their financial situation.
c. the likelihood they will be able to get a job in a chosen profession.
d. the economy.
Q:
When academically talented high school students were asked about their career expectations and outcomes, it turned out that 10 and even 20 years later
a. they were surprising accurate.
b. they were overwhelmingly inaccurate.
c. they were even more successful than they had predicted.
d. the majority of them had changed jobs at least three times.
Q:
Research shows that most people who know they have the talent and the opportunity to achieve their career goals
a. usually attain them.
b. usually suffer from reality shock.
c. tend to change their goals often.
d. tend to overestimate their abilities.
Q:
Modifying occupational goals happens for many reasons including
a. the person's interests change.
b. the occupation was not a good fit.
c. the person lacks certain essential skills and cannot acquire them.
d. all of the above.
Q:
Although people may have tendencies that relate to certain types of occupations, they are unlikely to choose those occupations or careers unless
a. their friends have also chosen the same occupation or career.
b. they believe they could be successful in the career choice.
c. they have parental approval of the career choice.
d. they feel they could make a lot of money in a certain career.
Q:
In Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), what you want to achieve is represented by the factor
a. self-efficacy.
b. interests.
c. outcome expectations.
d. choice goals.
Q:
The more complex version (the six-factor version) of the Social Cognitive Career Theory includes which two additional variables?
a. aptitude and achievement
b. income and education
c. supports and barriers
d. talents and skills
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the variables in the four-factor version of Social Cognitive Career Theory?
a. self-efficacy
b. interests
c. outcome expectations
d. barriers
Q:
Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) has two versions: a four factor and a________factor version.
a. six
b. seven
c. eight
d. five
Q:
Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) proposes that career choice is a result of the application of
________social cognitive theory, particularly the concept of self-efficacy.
a. Piaget's
b. Holland's
c. Bandura's
d. Vygotsky's
Q:
Which person devised a theory in which people choose occupations that optimize the fit between their individual traits and their occupational interests?
a. Terkel
b. Holland
c. Vallerand
d. Sandberg
Q:
Which theory posits that people build careers through their own actions that result from the "interface of their own personal characteristics and the social context"?
a. Career Context Theory
b. Career Construction Theory
c. Aptitude Career Theory
d. Personality-Work Construction Theory
Q:
Today we tend to think of careers as something people________rather than something people
____________.
a. need; want b. create; enter
c. enter; create d. desire; need
Q:
The concept of______describes how executives with better fit between their personal intentions and their firm's mission care more about their employee's happiness, job satisfaction, and emotional well-being.
a. meaning-mission fit
b. corporate sensitivity
c. employee-company wellness
d. corporate-mission-care
Q:
What occupation a person holds appears to have no impact on a person's need to derive_____ from their work.
a. money
b. a sense of meaning
c. status
d. career stability
Q:
How have companies adapted to having more older workers?
Q:
What are the effects of prevacation and postvacation workloads and homeloads?
Q:
What are developmental changes or trends in leisure activities?
Q:
The effects of job loss vary with gender, education, and ethnicity. Explain.
Q:
Describe gender discrimination, the glass ceiling, and the glass cliff.
Q:
Who is most likely to be affected by burnout?
Q:
What does it mean to be satisfied with one's job?
Q:
How do occupational expectations develop?
Q:
Describe the basic concepts of the six-factor Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT).
Q:
What is the meaning of work?
Q:
The process by which people remove themselves from full-time employment is called__________.
Q:
High postvacation workloads eliminate most of the positive effects of a vacation within about________.
Q:
European American men help with chores less than either________ or________ men.
Q:
The passage of the_______in 1993 entitled workers to take unpaid time off to care for dependents with the right to return to their jobs.
Q:
People who are___________for at least a year perceive their mental health more negatively than those who are employed or have stopped looking for work.
Q:
Denying a job to someone solely on the basis of whether that person is a man or a woman is called
_________________.
Q:
Compared to other countries, women in the United States tend to be employed at_________rates.
Q:
____is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion as a result of work stress.
Q:
Terkel (1974) reported that workers were most likely to feel________when they performed routine, repetitive actions.
Q:
In an effort to improve mentor-mentee matches, some organizations have taken a cue from dating and created
______________.
Q:
Mentoring fulfills Erikson's psychosocial crisis of__________.
Q:
A(n)________is a person who teaches the informal rules of an organization to a new colleague.
Q:
Finding out that textbook examples learned in school often do not match the real world of work can lead to
____________.
Q:
Holland's_______ theory proposes that people choose occupations to optimize the fit between their individual traits and occupational interests.
Q:
Researchers and career coaches write about four common meanings that describe work: developing self, union with others, expressing self, and .
Q:
When women choose careers in high paying fields such as science, technology, engineering, or mathematics, does that eliminate the wage gap?
a. Yes, women and men in these fields are paid the same amounts.
b. No, there remains a wage gap.
c. Yes, but only if women choose careers in engineering.
d. Yes, if women choose careers in mathematics and don't take time off to raise children.
Q:
Older adults in New Zealand reported that they volunteered because
a. it gave them a way to keep busy.
b. it provided them with a social opportunity to be around others.
c. it allowed them to give back to their local communities.
d. it allowed them to develop new skills and talents.
Q:
Why is there a trend for companies to hire older workers, particularly on a part-time basis?
a. They need the expertise older workers bring.
b. The type of benefits older workers may (or may not) need might make them less expensive employees.
c. Older workers are more flexible in terms of hours.
d. All of these are reasons why hiring older workers is a good option for many companies.
Q:
Overall, labor force participation for older adults in developed countries has been increasing most rapidly among
a. women.
b. men.
c. divorced people.
d. child-free individuals.
Q:
For an increasing number of people "retirement" includes
a. a significant drop in health.
b. a decrease in self-esteem.
c. working part time.
d. all of the above.
Q:
Whether retirement has negative effects on one's health has much to do with
a. how financially secure one is after retirement.
b. how many leisure activities one participates in.
c. whether one was forced to retire or did so voluntarily.
d. age at retirement. More negative health effects are seen in those who retire at younger ages.
Q:
How much savings does one need to have in order to be comfortable in retirement? A good rule of thumb is
a. 25% of your current income.
b. 45-50% of your current income.
c. 65-70% of your current income.
d. Because one cannot predict how long one will live or what health problems one might encounter in the future, there is no way to predict how much money one will need in retirement.
Q:
Between the years 2003 and 2013, the age at which people said they expected to retire
a. went up.
b. went down.
c. went up for women but down for men.
d. went down for those who were affluent and went up for those in lower income brackets.
Q:
Individuals usually retire when they
a. feel they've met all their professional goals.
b. have a spouse at home that requires care.
c. feel they are financially secure.
d. become grandparents.
Q:
Most people retire
a. because their company downsized and let them go.
b. because they accepted a retirement incentive package.
c. because they are in poor health.
d. by choice.
Q:
The Social Security Act was passed in which year? a. 1865b. 1900c. 1935d. 1969
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the ways leisure activities buffer us from stress?
a. Leisure activities distract us from negative life events.
b. They generate optimism about the future because they are pleasant.
c. They connect us to our past.
d. They encourage us to be passive in responding to stressful events.
Q:
What aspect of leisure activities remains constant across adulthood?
a. the type pursued
b. the quantity of activity
c. the intensity of involvement in the activity
d. the length of activity
Q:
While young adults prefer intense physical leisure activities like scuba diving and hang gliding, those in later middle age tend to spend more time in
a. educational activities like going back to school.
b. social activities like hosting parties.
c. sedentary activities like reading and watching television.
d. community-based activities like volunteering.
Q:
Which of the following variables is related to the kinds of leisure activities people choose?
a. education
b. income
c. health
d. all of these
Q:
Which of the following is not a major category of leisure activities?
a. experiential
b. developmental
c. social-public
d. psychological
Q:
The highest amount of work-family conflict is founda. when there are at least two preschool-age children in the home.b. when there are teenagers living in the home.c. when there are boomerang kids living in the home.d. when one of the spouses retires.
Q:
Men are most satisfied with a division of household labor based on equal number of hours spent, whereas women are most satisfied when mena. do an equal number of chores.b. do the most amount of work possible.c. are willing to do women's traditional chores.d. do traditional men's chores.
Q:
Women have_______ the amount of time they spend on housework, and men have_______ the amount of time they spend on such tasks.a. decreased; increasedb. increased; decreasedc. held constant; increasedd. decreased; held constant
Q:
Employed mothers have significantly less stress than both employed nonmothers and nonemployed mothers when they
a. have average or high control over their jobs.
b. have parents who live in close proximity.
c. work in nontraditional occupations.
d. work part time rather than full time.
Q:
Key factors in selecting care for one's children or parents include all of the following except
a. quality of care.
b. price.
c. hours of care.
d. close proximity.
Q:
In nearly______ of two-parent households, both parents work outside the home. a. 20%b. 40%c. 60%d. 70%
Q:
The________ one's education level, the__________ one's experience of stress immediately after losing one's job.
a. lower; lower
b. higher; lower
c. higher; higher
d. There is no predictable association between these variables.
Q:
In a comprehensive study of the effects of unemployment, losing one's job was related to lower mental health, life satisfaction, and subjective physical health. These effects disappeared with
a. relocation.
b. family support.
c. government financial assistance.
d. reemployment.
Q:
What is the relationship between employment status and stress?
a. People who were employed did not experience stress about job loss.
b. Only actual threat of job loss led to stress, not perceived threat of job loss.
c. Those who perceived their jobs were in jeopardy, even if they were not, showed stress levels equal to unemployed people.
d. People who were unemployed showed the lowest levels of stress.
Q:
Around the world, large numbers of employees each year participate in______aimed at improving existing skills or adding new job skills.
a. retraining
b. community service
c. motivational seminars
d. team building exercises
Q:
Which of the following occurs when there is a lack of promotional opportunity in the organization or a person decides not to seek advancement?
a. career deceleration
b. obsolescence
c. career plateauing
d. depression