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Q:
The concept of the grand jury was brought to the American colonies by early settlers and later incorporated into the ____________________ Amendment of the US Constitution.
Q:
Which of the following is true of the child-saving movement?
a. Child savers were interested only in the welfare of abused and neglected children
b. Child savers believed in treatment, not punishment
c. Child savers disputed the concept of parens patriae
d. Child savers advocated the incarceration of dangerous juveniles in adult facilities
Q:
The ____________________ mandated that no defendant shall be kept in pretrial detention simply because they cannot afford money bail.
Q:
A(n) ____________________ is a charging document drawn up by a prosecutor and submitted to a grand jury.
Q:
_____ bail is when the defendant pays a percentage of the bond to a bonding agent, who posts the full bail.
Q:
are primarily administrators who deal directly with the warden on custodial issues.
a. Captains
b. Lieutenants
c. Officers
d. Sergeants
Q:
A number of prison experts have noted that group violence often occurs in response to at corrections facilities.
a. overcrowding
b. deprivation
c. violence
d. heightened security
Q:
With ________ bail, the defendant is released after promising to obey some specified rules in lieu of cash, such as attending a treatment program.
Q:
What is the deprivation model?
a. The deprivation model theorizes that the most effective method of dealing with inmate violence is to deprive inmates of privileges such as access to television and recreation.
b. The deprivation model theorizes that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration inmates feel at being deprived of freedom, consumer goods, sex, and other staples of life normally available outside the institution.
c. The deprivation model theorizes that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration inmates feel at being deprived of quality food, time outdoors, and exercise.
d. The deprivation model theorizes that depriving inmates of visits from associates in the free world will significantly reduce the amount of contraband that enters the prison facility.
Q:
A ___________ release is when the determination of an arrestee's eligibility for release and the actual release of the arrestee are deferred until after he or she has been removed from the scene of an arrest and brought to the station house or police headquarters.
Q:
Holding an offender in secure confinement before trial is referred to as _______.
Q:
Which would NOT be considered to be a reason for violent behavior in prisons?
a. A reputation for violence may lead an inmate to become a target of assault.
b. It enhances self-image in an environment that does not respect other attributes, such as intelligence.
c. In the case of rape, it gives sexual relief.
d. It serves as a means of acquiring material goods through extortion or outright robbery.
Q:
In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court find that severe overcrowding in California state prisons denied inmates satisfactory levels of mental and physical health care, and therefore amounted to unconstitutional cruel and unusual punishment?
a. Brownv.Plata
b. Hudsonv.Palmer
c. Cruzv.California
d. Wolffv.McDonnell
Q:
At the ____________________, defendants are informed of the formal charges and asked to enter a plea.
Q:
Zack has just pled not guilty by reason of insanity to killing his parents and his brother. He was arrested walking down the street without any clothes on with dried blood all over him. He has always been an introvert, and people used to call him names and say that he was crazy. Over the past couple of years, Zack has had a lot of black-out type situations where he doesn"t remember the days before he finds himself somewhere unfamiliar doing something strange.At Zack's trial, the prosecution opens their questions by calling on the cleaning lady who found the dead bodies. She tells the court that Zack has always been a demon child and there was always something wrong with him. The judge instructs the jury not to listen to the explanation of who Zack was and how he behaved because:a. she is not an expert in cleaning up blood.b. her testimony was not fact but her opinion.c. her opinion boosts the prosecution's case.d. the defense has already entered a directed verdict.
Q:
The socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison population is called:
a. gleaning.
b. prisonization.
c. institutionalization.
d. immersion.
Q:
An inmate who is exists on the fringes of prison society.
a. a disorganized criminal
b. doing time
c. gleaning
d. jailing
Q:
Zack has just pled not guilty by reason of insanity to killing his parents and his brother. He was arrested walking down the street without any clothes on with dried blood all over him. He has always been an introvert, and people used to call him names and say that he was crazy. Over the past couple of years, Zack has had a lot of black-out type situations where he doesn"t remember the days before he finds himself somewhere unfamiliar doing something strange.Zack has just fired his attorney or the man who they say is his attorney. He wants to represent himself. What issues will he have?a. He is indigent.b. He may not get an impartial jury.c. He may not be competent.d. He may not get a speedy trial.
Q:
Zack has just pled not guilty by reason of insanity to killing his parents and his brother. He was arrested walking down the street without any clothes on with dried blood all over him. He has always been an introvert, and people used to call him names and say that he was crazy. Over the past couple of years, Zack has had a lot of black-out type situations where he doesn"t remember the days before he finds himself somewhere unfamiliar doing something strange.Zack has spent the better part of two years in a locked psychiatric facility awaiting trial. He feels ill from the medicine they make him take, he doesn"t recognize the man that they say is his attorney and now he cannot remember his full name. At this point what is Zack's most important legal issue at trial?a. His forced treatment and medicineb. Mental competencyc. Compulsory processd. adequate legal representation
Q:
Inmates who take advantage of prison resources, such as libraries or drug treatment programs, by are working to improve themselves to prepare for a return to society.
a. being disorganized criminals
b. doing time
c. gleaning
d. jailing
Q:
Dwayne is the Chief of Police for Big City, Ohio. He has money in his budget to hire new police officers and maintain and boost morale by offering bonuses. Dwayne happens to have a girlfriend with whom he has become increasingly serious. He would like to buy her some jewelry but his wife doesn"t know of his infidelity and certainly can"t know that his affair has turned serious enough to buy jewelry. His wife actually knows about his girlfriend and has become addicted to pain pills in an attempt to forget about Dwayne's infidelity.At Dwayne's wife's arraignment, what will occur first?a. She will voluntarily sign up for rehab.b. She will get a lesser sentence for pleading guilty.c. She will be informed of the charges against her.d. She will receive a sentencing date.
Q:
Inmates who are are establishing themselves in the power structure of the prison culture.
a. disorganized criminals
b. doing time
c. gleaning
d. jailing
Q:
Dwayne is the Chief of Police for Big City, Ohio. He has money in his budget to hire new police officers and maintain and boost morale by offering bonuses. Dwayne happens to have a girlfriend with whom he has become increasingly serious. He would like to buy her some jewelry but his wife doesn"t know of his infidelity and certainly can"t know that his affair has turned serious enough to buy jewelry. His wife actually knows about his girlfriend and has become addicted to pain pills in an attempt to forget about Dwayne's infidelity.Dwayne's wife has been arrested and charged for attempting to buy pain pills from an undercover police officer. She knows she needs help and decides to plead guilty. What can her defense attorney do at this point?a. Waive the preliminary hearingb. Request a plea bargain at the police stationc. Have her plead nolo contendered. Have her claim she was under duress
Q:
Which pattern of inmate behavior includes following rules and generally doing whatever is necessary to speed up their release so they can continue their chosen careers?
a. disorganized criminal
b. doing time
c. gleaning
d. jailing
Q:
Dwayne is the Chief of Police for Big City, Ohio. He has money in his budget to hire new police officers and maintain and boost morale by offering bonuses. Dwayne happens to have a girlfriend with whom he has become increasingly serious. He would like to buy her some jewelry but his wife doesn"t know of his infidelity and certainly can"t know that his affair has turned serious enough to buy jewelry. His wife actually knows about his girlfriend and has become addicted to pain pills in an attempt to forget about Dwayne's infidelity.When Dwayne borrows $15,000, he gets a visit from the Internal Affairs Board (IAB). Apparently, the IAB had already convened a grand jury to investigate him for using his city budget to take his girlfriend out to eat at expensive restaurants. What is next for Dwayne?a. He will be arrested.b. He will be charged.c. He will be indicted by a grand jury.d. A presentment is issued.
Q:
Inmates develop their own language, or:
a. dialect.
b. argot.
c. code.
d. slang.
Q:
Sara, an 18-year old college student uses cocaine occasionally and was just arrested for buying $200 worth. After spending the night in jail, she is ready to put this whole episode behind her. When she appears before the judge, she has a public defender representing her and the attorney has assured Sara that this is no big deal as it was her first offense.Sara had a midterm exam to study for and forgot about her court date. What will happen to her?a. A bounty hunter will come looking for her.b. She will have to pay the full amount of her bail.c. She can now ask for a new trial date.d. She will voluntarily check in to rehab.
Q:
Explain the difference between active and passive sex offender notification laws.
a)No two sex offender notification laws have exactly the same provisions, but all are
Q:
Sara, an 18-year old college student uses cocaine occasionally and was just arrested for buying $200 worth. After spending the night in jail, she is ready to put this whole episode behind her. When she appears before the judge, she has a public defender representing her and the attorney has assured Sara that this is no big deal as it was her first offense.Sara finally calls her parents. They are troubled by her addiction and want her to go to rehab, so they give her some money. This is enough to cover about 10 percent of the bail fee. In order to get back to her classes and life, what is the best option for Sara?a. Post direct bailb. Post surety bailc. Request a reduction in baild. Get an unsecured bond
Q:
Identify five issues that prisoners face when they reenter society.
Q:
Sara, an 18-year old college student uses cocaine occasionally and was just arrested for buying $200 worth. After spending the night in jail, she is ready to put this whole episode behind her. When she appears before the judge, she has a public defender representing her and the attorney has assured Sara that this is no big deal as it was her first offense.Sara's college was paid for by loans and scholarships. She doesn"t have any money for bail; the money she used to buy the cocaine was what was left in her checking account. She doesn"t talk to her parents too often, and she wouldn"t ask them for money anyway. What is the likely outcome of Sara's case at this point?a. Police/pretrial jail citation releaseb. Pretrial detentionc. Appeal to the Manhattan Bail Projectd. File in favor of bail reform
Q:
Contrast probation, parole, mandatory release, pardon, and furlough.
a)Probation is a criminal sanction in which a convict is allowed to remain in the
Q:
Sara, an 18-year old college student uses cocaine occasionally and was just arrested for buying $200 worth. After spending the night in jail, she is ready to put this whole episode behind her. When she appears before the judge, she has a public defender representing her and the attorney has assured Sara that this is no big deal as it was her first offense.Sara's bail is surprisingly high for $200 of cocaine. In fact, her lawyer calls it excessive. What can Sara and her lawyer do to change the situation?a. Ask for RORb. File a motion for violation of the Eighth Amendmentc. Request a police field citation released. Enroll Sara in treatment to reduce bail
Q:
Identify six issues that relate to female inmates.
Q:
Describe the handsoff doctrine of prisoner law and the two standards used to determine if prisoners' rights have
been violated.
Q:
Which of the following is a reason for which a jury can nullify the facts and evidence of a case?a. The jury believes that the law is unjust.b. The jury believes the punishment is excessive.c. The jury believes the law is being unjustly applied.d. All of the above are reasons for jury nullification.
Q:
Which of the following is false regarding opening statements?
a. The prosecutor offers the first opening statement.
b. Neither attorney is permitted to make prejudicial remarks.
c. Opening remarks are more effective in a bench trial than a jury trial.
d. The purpose of opening remarks is to identify what will be proved by way of evidence in the trial.
Q:
Under which circumstances or "legitimate security interests" may correctional officers use force?
Q:
The Batson doctrine holds that:
a. peremptory challenges based on race by the defense are unconstitutional
b. prosecutorial peremptory challenges based on race are unconstitutional
c. the use of "content" questions is unconstitutional
d. peremptory challenges may not be limited to less than five by state statute
Q:
What are the requirements to become a correctional officer?
Q:
Discuss the six general job categories among correctional officers.
Q:
Which is true of peremptory challenges during jury selection?a. They are unlimited in number.b. They require a stated reason for dismissal of a prospective juror.c. They are constitutionally compelled to have a basis in "content" questions.d. They can be used to excuse jurors for no particular reason.
Q:
Discuss the various ranks of custodial staff at most prisons.
Q:
The process of determining the appropriateness of jurors to sit on the jury is known as:
a. voir dire.
b. venire.
c. the jury array.
d. the process of rebuttal.
Q:
The standard required to convict a defendant charged with a crime at the adjudicatory stage of the criminal process is:
a. proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
b. absolute certainty.
c. clear and convincing evidence.
d. preponderance of the evidence.
Q:
The defendant's right to an impartial trial and jury under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments often runs into direct conflict with the _____ Amendment's guarantee of the press and public access.
a. First
b. Second
c. Fourth
d. Fourteenth
Q:
Why might an inmate become violent within prison today, as explored by the text?
Q:
Discuss trends of age and mental illness among prison inmates and how this affects the administration of prisons.
Q:
List and discuss John Irwin's four categories of inmate behavior.
Q:
In what 1976 case did the court rule unconstitutional a trial judge's order prohibiting the press from reporting the confessions implicating the defendant in the crime?
a. Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart
b. Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court
c. Gannett Co. v. DePasquale
d. Turner v. Murdoch
Q:
Discuss the concept of prisonization and how inmates adapt to prison society.
Q:
The right to a public trial is guaranteed by the _____ Amendment.
a. First
b. Fifth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
Q:
Which of the following is not a result of diversion programs?
a. Allowing the offender to make restitution to the victim or pay back the community through volunteer services
b. Increase in costs to the criminal justice system
c. Reduction in prison population
d. Continuation of employment
Q:
What is a total institution? Discuss how it applies within the prison culture.
Q:
In the notification model, information on sex offenders is made open and available for public scrutiny.
Q:
According to the court, which of the following was the reason for the speedy trial guarantee?
a. To improve the credibility of the trial
b. To avoid extensive pretrial publicity and questionable conduct of officials
c. To reduce the anxiety for the defendant awaiting trial
d. All of the above were rationales for the speedy trial guarantee
Q:
While not explicitly stated in the Constitution, the court has found support for legal self-representation in the _____ Amendment.
a. First
b. Fifth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
Q:
Laws that require local law authorities to alert the public when a sex offender has been released into the community are _______________________________.
Q:
The _____ Amendment guarantees the defendant the right to a jury trial.
a. Second
b. Fourth
c. Sixth
d. Fourteenth
Q:
A community-based form of early release that places inmates in residential centers and allows them to reintegrate with society is a(n) ___________________________.
Q:
The _____ Amendment contains the confrontation clause.
a. First
b. Fourth
c. Sixth
d. Fourteenth
Q:
Who chooses whether a trial will be before a judge or a jury?
a. Prosecutor
b. Defendant
c. Judge
d. Court administrator
Q:
A form of temporary release in which an inmate is allowed to leave the prison for a short amount of time is a(n)
__________________________.
Q:
A(n) is the release of an inmate from prison at the end of his or her sentence without any further correctional supervision.
Q:
In women's prisons the inmates form , where they play specific roles, with the more experienced convicts acting as "mothers" to younger inmates.
Q:
Which of the following is false regarding diversion programs?
a. There is no court supervision of these programs.
b. Offenders are placed in diversion programs before their formal trial or conviction.
c. Pretrial diversion programs are intended to encourage community treatment participation by the offender.
d. Restitution may be part of a diversion program.
Q:
Which of the following is an advantage of diversion programs?
a. It allows the offender to postpone prison/jail time until diversion completion.
b. Rehabilitation services can be accessed while in the community.
c. The cost is higher but so is the success rate.
d. Diversion allows the inmate out of their cell for longer lengths of time.
Q:
In , the Supreme Court ruled that overcrowding, excessive noise, inadequate heating, and unsanitary bathrooms were not cruel and unusual.
Q:
What state completely eliminated plea bargaining in 1975?
a. Alaska
b. Oregon
c. Indiana
d. Alabama
Q:
The basic human necessities that correctional facilities are required by the Constitution to provide to inmates are
___________________________.
Q:
refers to a standard for establishing a violation of an inmate's Eighth Amendment rights, requiring that prison officials were aware of harmful conditions in a correctional institution and failed to take steps to remedy those conditions.
Q:
It is unlikely that plea bargaining will be eliminated in the future because it:
a. ensures even-handed justice in the system.
b. eases the pressure of congested caseloads.
c. encourages defendants to waive their rights.
d. results in sentencing disparity.
Q:
Which is a common reason for a defendant to waive the preliminary hearing?
a. Defendant has already decided to plead guilty.
b. Defendant wants to speed up the criminal justice process.
c. Defendant hopes to avoid the negative publicity that might result from the hearing.
d. All of these are common reasons to waive the preliminary hearing.
Q:
Officers who provide security at prison gates, oversee visitation procedures, act as liaisons for civilians, and handle administrative tasks such as the paperwork when an inmate is transferred from another institution are
______________________________.
Q:
What procedure is often used as an alternative to the grand jury?
a. The initial hearing
b. The arraignment
c. The preliminary hearing
d. The criminal trial
Q:
spend their entire shifts in isolated, silent posts high above the grounds of the facility using walkie-talkies to communicate.
Q:
A _____________ is an identifiable group of three or more individuals who pose a threat to the safety of other inmates or members of the corrections community.
Q:
To stand trial, a criminal defendant must be considered:
a. guilty beyond reasonable doubt.
b. mentally competent.
c. pro se.
d. willing to challenge for cause.
Q:
A is a group of inmates who band together within the corrections system to engage in social and criminal activities.
Q:
At the ________, the judge informs the defendant of the charges against him or her and appoints counsel if one has not yet been retained.
a. trial
b. arraignment
c. indictment
d. information