Q&A Hero

Q: What is another term for an indictment issued by a grand jury? a. True bill b. No bill c. Nolo contendere d. Nolle prosequi

Q: Situations in which a number of prisoners are beyond institutional control are .

Q: A(n) ____ is a charging document drawn up by a prosecutor in jurisdictions that do not use the grand jury system. a. warrant b. complaint c. indictment d. information

Q: is the theory that inmate aggression is caused when freedoms and services that the inmate has come to accept as normal are decreased or eliminated.

Q: Surety bail is where the defendant: a. pays a percentage of the bond to a bonding agent who posts full bail. b. is released after promising to obey specified conditions in lieu of cash. c. is released on own recognizance (ROR). d. pays the full bail amount out of pocket.

Q: Corrections budgets are straining under the financial pressures caused by the _____________ needs of aging inmates.

Q: Organized activities for inmates that are designed to improve their physical and mental health, provide them with skills, or simply keep them busy while incarcerated are .

Q: Which of the following statements is false regarding bail issues? a. It is expensive because the government must pay to detain those offenders who are unable to make bail but who would otherwise remain in the community. b. There is no racial or ethnic disparity in the bail process. c. It is unfair because a higher proportion of detainees receive longer sentences than people released on bail. d. It is dehumanizing because innocent people who cannot make bail suffer in the nation's deteriorated jail system.

Q: What type of bail system allows the defendant to be released with no immediate requirement of payment but leaves him or her liable for the full bail amount if he or she fails to appear in court? a. Surety bail system b. Deposit bail system c. ROR system d. Unsecured bond

Q: Inmates who are working to improve themselves to prepare for a return to society are .

Q: The determination of an arrestee's eligibility for citation release and the actual release of the arrestee are deferred until after he or she has been delivered by the arresting department to a jail/pretrial detention facility for screening, booking, and admission in a: a. police/pretrial jail citation release. b. police field citation release. c. police station house citation release. d. police/court bail schedule.

Q: is the socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison culture.

Q: Which bail system requires the defendant to pay a percentage of the bond to a bonding agent who then posts the full bail amount? a. Surety bail system b. Deposit bail system c. Release on recognizance (ROR) system d. Privately secured bail system

Q: Websites that provide sex offender registry information are considered a form of passive notification. a. True b. False

Q: Federal and state laws restrict public housing options for ex-convicts. a. True b. False

Q: What did the court establish in Stack v. Boyle? a. That individuals charged with misdemeanors are entitled to an absolute right to bail. b. That only the most heinous and violent crimes are unbailable. c. That all defendants are entitled to an absolute right to bail. d. That if a crime is bailable, the amount set should not be frivolous, unusual, or beyond a person's ability to pay under similar circumstance.

Q: Expiration release, also known as "maxing out," occurs when an inmate has served the maximum amount of time on the initial sentence, minus reductions for good-time credits. a. True b. False

Q: Some scholars contend that bail is problematic because it: a. is a weak incentive to show up to court. b. creates fear and coercion in the defendant. c. is discriminatory to the poor. d. is not guaranteed under the law.

Q: The culture in male prisons is similar to the culture in female prisons. a. True b. False

Q: The ____ Amendment to the Constitution prohibits excessive bail. a. Sixth b. Eighth c. Fourteenth d. Sixteenth

Q: Inmates have the same guaranteed rights as other Americans.a. Trueb. False

Q: Bail is typically granted in a felony hearing: a. only when the suspect has absconded. b. when there has been error in arresting an innocent individual. c. only at the police station. d. during court hearings.

Q: Prior to the 1970s, the courts applied the "handsoff" doctrine to prisoner law.a. Trueb. False

Q: Which of the following is a pretrial procedure? a. Bail b. Arraignment c. Plea negotiation d. All of these are pretrial procedures

Q: In the highly regulated, oppressive environment of the prison, correctional officers must use the threat of violence, if not actual violence, to instill discipline and keep order. a. True b. False

Q: A defendant's due process rights are not violated when a prosecutor threatens to reindict the accused on more serious charges if the defendant does not plead guilty to a lesser offense. a. True b. False

Q: Any promise made by a prosecutor during a plea negotiation must be kept after the defendant admits guilt in open court. a. True b. False

Q: A defendant's options for a plea are guilty, not guilty, or nolo contendere. a. True b. False

Q: Female correctional officers are less effective than their male counterparts in maintaining discipline in men's prisons. a. True b. False

Q: Officers who work the prison yard usually have the least seniority, befitting the assignment's reputation as dangerous and stressful. a. True b. False

Q: Relative deprivation is a theory that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration inmates feel at being deprived of freedom, consumer goods, sex, and other staples of life outside the institution. a. True b. False

Q: A grand jury hearing is open to the public. a. True b. False

Q: Critics suggest that bail is costly because the government must pay to detain poor offenders who would otherwise remain in the community. a. True b. False

Q: An arrestee can be given a police field citation release by the arresting officer. This is a promise to appear in court that is given at or near the actual time and location of arrest. a. True b. False

Q: Prison violence is often an outlet for racial tension. a. True b. False

Q: The Fifth Amendment guarantees you the right to a public trial. a. True b. False

Q: Violence is the cause of almost 9 of 10 inmate deaths in state prisons. a. True b. False

Q: Violence by inmates is used to establish the prisoner hierarchy by separating the powerful from the weak. a. True b. False

Q: Most formal trials are heard by a jury although some defendants can request a bench trial. a. True b. False

Q: A prisoner today is much more likely to have been incarcerated on a drug charge or immigration violation than was the case in the 1980s. a. True b. False

Q: The initial group of people chosen for jury duty are called voir dire. a. True b. False

Q: The prosecution can request a directed verdict. a. True b. False

Q: Jailing is the socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison population. a. True b. False

Q: One of the criminal sanctions available to the sentencing judge is commitment to a state hospital. a. True b. False

Q: The majority of inmates are under the age of 25. a. True b. False

Q: In a criminal case, a preponderance of the evidence is sometimes enough to convict. a. True b. False

Q: About 40% of women in federal prisons report some form of past abuse. a. True b. False

Q: Voir dire is when potential jurors are questioned by the prosecution and defense to determine if they can sit on the jury. a. True b. False

Q: By definition, a total institution is an institution that provides all of the necessities for existence to those who live within its boundaries. a. True b. False

Q: Most states impose qualifications, such as a high school education, on those called for jury service. a. True b. False

Q: Case 12-2Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a custodial officer he has performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well respected by the inmates and his fellow officers. Officer Hernandez found out that there is an opportunity to be promoted. He studies for the exam and reviews all the policies and duties for the employees at the correctional institution.During one of Sergeant Hernandez's daytime shifts, an inmate playing basketball in the yard collapses. The officers see him collapse and do not approach him. After 15 minutes the inmate gets up and complains to an officer that he has severe abdominal cramping and that he is very light-headed. Sergeant Hernandez makes the decision to deny the inmate's request for medical care. When the inmate returns to his cell, he collapses again, goes into cardiac arrest, and dies within 5 minutes. Which Supreme Court case ruled that it is a violation of an inmate's Eighth Amendment rights to deliberately fail to provide medical care?a. Hudsonv.McMillanb. Estellev.Gamblec. Wilsonv.Seiterd. Whitleyv.Albers

Q: There is no set time that defines a speedy trial. a. True b. False

Q: Case 12-2Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a custodial officer he has performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well respected by the inmates and his fellow officers. Officer Hernandez found out that there is an opportunity to be promoted. He studies for the exam and reviews all the policies and duties for the employees at the correctional institution.One of Sergeant Hernandez's responsibilities is to censor inmate mail in order to maintain prison security. Whichconstitutional amendment is related to the issue of censoring inmate mail?a. First Amendmentb. Fourth Amendmentc. Fifth Amendmentd. Eighth Amendment

Q: The state can never order a defendant to take medication when s/he is ruled incompetent to stand trial. a. True b. False

Q: Case 12-2 Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a custodial officer he has performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well respected by the inmates and his fellow officers. Officer Hernandez found out that there is an opportunity to be promoted. He studies for the exam and reviews all the policies and duties for the employees at the correctional institution. One of Sergeant Hernandez's rookie officers has been known to use excessive force. Sergeant Hernandez must evaluate if the level of force used by Officer Williams is a violation of an inmate's Eighth Amendment protections. Which Supreme Court case held that the use of force by prison officials violates an inmate's Eighth Amendment protections only if the force amounts to the "unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain"? a. Hudsonv.McMillan b. Estellev.Gamble c. Wilsonv.Seiter d. Whitleyv.Albers

Q: Diversion programs allow a defendant to enter treatment instead of trial. a. True b. False

Q: Case 12-2 Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a custodial officer he has performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well respected by the inmates and his fellow officers. Officer Hernandez found out that there is an opportunity to be promoted. He studies for the exam and reviews all the policies and duties for the employees at the correctional institution. The warden decides that Sergeant Hernandez will supervise the rookie officers. He will most likely be required to supervise which officers? a. block officers b. industrial officers c. tower guards d. yard officers

Q: Case 12-2 Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a custodial officer he has performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well respected by the inmates and his fellow officers. Officer Hernandez found out that there is an opportunity to be promoted. He studies for the exam and reviews all the policies and duties for the employees at the correctional institution. Officer Hernandez is applying to be promoted to sergeant. If he gets the promotion what will his main duties consist of? a. He will deal with the warden on custodial issues. b. He will be responsible for policing and transporting the inmates. c. He will oversee the platoons of officers in specific parts of the prison. d. He will supervise inmates in their cell blocks.

Q: The grand jury has the power to act as an independent investigative body. a. True b. False

Q: An information is the charging document filed by the prosecution in a preliminary hearing. a. True b. False

Q: Case 12-1 Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the past he has only served short jail terms. Six months into his prison sentence Matthew begins to feel frustrated because he has no freedom and he misses the items he was used to when he was out of prison, like his cell phone and his iPod. What theory would explain this inmate aggression? a. consensus model b. conflict model c. deprivation model d. integration model

Q: Case 12-1 Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the past he has only served short jail terms. After a few months of observing Matthew and his interaction with other inmates, the correctional officers believe that Matthew will follow the rules and generally do what is necessary to speed up his release and return to freedom. This type of inmate behavior is known as: a. disorganized. b. doing time. c. gleaning. d. jailing.

Q: A nolo contendere (no contest) plea is essentially the same as a guilty plea. a. True b. False

Q: Case 12-1 Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the past he has only served short jail terms. In his communication with other inmates they ask him about his crime. They are particularly concerned if he is a child molester. Matthew then learns that the word for "child molester" in the inmate language is a(n): a. base head. b. bug. c. diddler. d. lugger.

Q: If the defendant pays a percentage of the bond, usually 10 percent, to a bonding agent who posts the full bail, this is referred to as conditional bail. a. True b. False

Q: A direct release program is where a pretrial program authorizes the release of defendants without direct judicial involvement to reduce the length of stay in detention. a. True b. False

Q: Case 12-1 Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the past he has only served short jail terms. Part of this process will include learning how inmates create their own economy and even their own language. This inmate language is known as: a. dialect. b. argot. c. code. d. slang.

Q: Case 12-1 Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the past he has only served short jail terms. Once he arrives at the prison, Matthew is given a handbook that explains all the regulations and guidelines. He also speaks with some of the inmates who explain to him that he will go through a socialization process where he will learn the accepted norms and values of the prison culture that are not included in a handbook. These are more the rules of the prison created by the inmates. What is this process called? a. deliberate indifference b. desistance c. prisonization d. relative deprivation

Q: The Eighth Amendment guarantees a right to bail. a. True b. False

Q: More than half of all violent criminals are released on bail before trial. a. True b. False

Q: Under the model, the authorities directly notify the community of the sex offender's presence. a. community b. passive c. active d. registration

Q: Bail can be used to punish an accused, and can be denied or revoked at the indulgence of the court. a. True b. False

Q: Megan's Law requires states to provide communities with relevant information on as a condition of receiving federal anticrime funds. a. drug offenders b. murderers c. property offenders d. sexual offenders

Q: Prisoners nearing the end of their sentences are given permission to work at paid employment in the community as part of: a. parole. b. work release programs. c. probation. d. furlough.

Q: Discuss how judicial attitudes may extend beyond the courtroom.

Q: Through the use of examples, elaborate on the expanding role of technology in the court process.

Q: The goal of reentry is to promote , or continued abstinence from offending. a. desistance b. recidivism c. rehabilitation d. resistance

Q: Efforts being made to help inmates make the transition from prison to the "outside" are included under the concept of: a. parole. b. pardons. c. prisoner reentry. d. prisoner rehabilitation.

Q: Detail the various forms of indigent defense systems used in the United States.

Q: Discuss the major functions of a defense attorney in the justice process.