Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Counseling
Q:
Approximately ____ courts across the United States have videoconferencing capability.
a. 50
b. 150
c. 275
d. 400
Q:
A disciplinary action taken by prison officials in which all inmates are ordered to their quarters and nonessential prison activities are suspended. This is called .
Q:
A -security prison allows inmates to have a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world.
Q:
The first state to establish a court administrative office was ____ in 1927.
a. North Dakota
b. Iowa
c. Washington
d. California
Q:
Supermax prisons operate in a state of perpetual , in which all inmates are confined to their cells.
Q:
The concept of attorney competence was defined by the U.S. Supreme Court in what case?
a. Gideon v. Wainwright
b. Strickland v. Washington
c. Burger v. Kemp
d. Argersinger v. Hamlin
Q:
A is a correctional facility reserved for the "worst of the worst" of America's corrections populations.
Q:
Which of the following statements is false regarding public versus private attorneys?
a. Conviction rates for indigent defendants with public defenders were significantly higher than for defendants with their own attorney.
b. Sentence lengths for defendants sent to jail or prison were shorter for those with publicly financed attorneys than those who hired counsel.
c. Of those found guilty, those represented by publicly financed attorneys were incarcerated at a higher rate than those defendants who paid for their own legal representation.
d. Research indicates that private counsel may have a slightly better track record in some areas than public defenders.
Q:
is the process through which prison officials determine which correctional facility is best suited to the individual offender.
Q:
Which type of indigent defense program relies on block grants given to lawyers or law firms in exchange for their legal services on a set number of cases involving poor defendants?
a. Contract system
b. Assigned counsel system
c. Prepaid legal service
d. Public defender system
Q:
are those who deal with the inmates and make up more than half a prison's
staff.
Q:
Today, the Sixth Amendment right to counsel and the ____ and ____ Amendments guarantee of due process of law have been judicially interpreted together to provide the defendant with counsel by the state in all types of criminal proceedings.
a. Fourth, Fifth
b. Fifth, Fourteenth
c. Sixth, Eighth
d. First, Seventh
Q:
The prison official ultimately responsible for the correctional facility is the warden, also known as the
______________________.
Q:
In what 1972 case did the court rule that an attorney must be provided in all criminal cases where the penalty includes imprisonment?
a. Gideon v. Wainwright
b. Strickland v. Washington
c. Burger v. Kemp
d. Argersinger v. Hamlin
Q:
In what 1963 landmark case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that state courts must provide counsel to indigent defendants in felony prosecutions?
a. Gideon v. Wainwright
b. Strickland v. Washington
c. Burger v. Kemp
d. Argersinger v. Hamlin
Q:
___________________ adopted the "Great Law" in Pennsylvania in 1682.
Q:
The was/were greatly responsible for the spread of indeterminate sentences, probation, community sanctions, and parole in the first half of the twentieth century.
Q:
What is the duty of a defense lawyer to his or her client and the legal system?
a. To participate in the courtroom workgroup
b. To fully and competently defend his or her client
c. To engage in the pursuit of justice
d. To represent the state
Q:
The system was used at Auburn, where inmates worked and ate together, with silence enforced by guards.
Q:
Which of the following reasons may cause a case to be dismissed?
a. Inefficient evidence
b. Interests of justice
c. Due process problems
d. All the above
Q:
Prosecutorial discretion is used to:
a. reduce the number of cases to trial.
b. help the charging decision.
c. punish offenders.
d. impose indictment in the state court process.
Q:
Which of the following is the most common reason for prosecutors to reject cases?
a. Due process problems
b. Arrest problems
c. Evidence problems
d. Interest of justice problems
Q:
The Pennsylvania System used the , which was a nineteenth-century penitentiary in which inmates were kept apart from one another at all times, with daily activities taking place in individual cells.
Q:
The American prison system is coming under increased scrutiny because its focus is on discipline and separate
inmates, rather than preparing them for their release.
a. True
b. False
Q:
All evidence points to the conclusion that prosecutorial discretion is used to:
a. influence judicial decision making in the sentencing stage.
b. influence who gets reelected to judgeships.
c. screen out the weakest cases.
d. achieve a desirable sentence.
Q:
In the federal system, prosecutors are appointed by:
a. Congress.
b. the Senate.
c. the president.
d. the US Supreme Court.
Q:
A linear designed jail uses direct supervision where one or more jail officers are stationed in the living area of the pod and are in constant interaction with all prisoners in that pod.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Of the nearly 3,370 jails in the United States, more than 2,700 are operated at a county level by an elected sheriff.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the duties of a prosecutor?
a. Investigate possible violations of the law
b. Maintain administrative control over grand jury proceedings
c. Represent the government in appeals
d. Subpoena witnesses to a crime
Q:
Many states have adopted some form of what is known as the ____ Plan to select judges.
a. Illinois
b. Missouri
c. New York
d. Ohio
Q:
Jails are chronically overcrowded, and judges need to clear space for new offenders.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Private prisons can often be run more cheaply and efficiently than public ones.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The incentive to privatize is primarily financial.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the judicial functions of a judge?
a. Consider leniency or severity requests from police and prosecutors
b. Administrative control over probation
c. Consult with probation staff on treatment decisions
d. Draft legislative language to be forwarded to congressional sponsors
Q:
When the US Supreme Court justices reach a split decision, the Chief Justice assigns a member of the majority group to write the:
a. opinion.
b. issuance of legalis.
c. writ of certiorari.
d. mandate of precedence.
Q:
When a jury trial is waived, the judge must:
a. ask the defense to use their ethics to decide whether the defendant is guilty.
b. instruct the jury to leave the courtroom.
c. decide whether the defendant is guilty using a bench trial.
d. maintain court records themselves.
Q:
Children of convicts are at a higher risk than their peers for antisocial behavior and mental health problems.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Incarceration has a harmful impact on offenders themselves.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The federal government has a three-tiered hierarchy of court jurisdiction, which includes all of the following except the:
a. US court of appeals.
b. US district Court.
c. US special jurisdiction court.
d. US Supreme Court.
Q:
The legal basis for the federal court system is found in the:
a. Judicial Act of 1789.
b. Sixth Amendment.
c. Article 3, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution.
d. Original Articles of Confederation.
Q:
The high cost of imprisonment has caused policymakers to consider a number of different methods to reduce the number of people in prison.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The US Supreme Court is composed of ____ members that are ________.
a. 7; appointed for 8 year terms
b. 9; appointed for lifetime terms
c. 9; elected by the voters during the presidential election
d. 10; recommended by Congress
Q:
There is no parole in the federal prison system.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Generally, state appellate decisions are based on court transcripts; however, in some instances, the felony court will grant a new trial known as a:
a. trial de novo.
b. reaffirmation of verdict.
c. trial de jure.
d. habeas corpus hearing.
Q:
If you are charged with armed robbery, your trial would take place in which type of court?
a. A court of limited jurisdiction
b. A court of general jurisdiction
c. An appellate court
d. A specialty court
Q:
The number of women incarcerated in prisons has begun to slowly decline.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Today in the United States, the chance of someone arrested going to prison is much greater than it was 30 years ago.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Much of the growth in the number of Americans behind bars can be attributed to the enhancement and stricter enforcement of the nation's drug laws.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following would not constitute a specialty court?
a. Probate court
b. Circuit court
c. Community court
d. Mental health court
Q:
Courts of limited jurisdiction are most likely to handle which of the following crimes?
a. Domestic violence
b. Juvenile crime
c. Shoplifting
d. Traffic violations
Q:
Maximum-security prisons tend to be small, holding under 500 inmates.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The United States has a dual prison system that parallels its dual court system.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is false regarding appellate courts?
a. Appellate courts try cases.
b. Appellate courts review the procedures of the case to determine whether an error was made by judicial authorities.
c. The appellate court can order a new trial.
d. The appellate court can allow the defendant to go free.
Q:
Courts of general jurisdiction are also known as ______ courts.
a. appellate
b. municipal
c. district
d. felony
Q:
The warden is ultimately responsible for the operation of a prison.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The main difference between police and prison organizations is that police departments have a chain of command that is sometimes lacking in prison organizations.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Prisons have a continuity of purpose that is lacking in police departments.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Courts of limited jurisdiction are named as such because:
a. all cases in that type of jurisdiction handle 1"2 particular types of crime, making a limited scope.
b. they are restricted to hearing minor or less serious civil and criminal cases.
c. they not only review facts but procedures of the case to limit judicial decision making.
d. they were named this when each state was only allowed to have one court.
Q:
Increasingly videoconferencing is used across the United States and is now used in about 400 courts.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The correctional system in the American colonies differed very little from that of England.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Conviction rates for indigent defendants and for those with their own lawyers were about the same in federal and state courts.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Progressive theories had a huge impact on prisons as many prison administrators supported the Progressives and their followers.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The "new penology" was put into practice at New York's Elmira Reformatory in 1876.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The forms of legal representation available to indigents are public defender, assigned counsel, contract, and mixed.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The availability of treatment and detention facilities is a resource issue that impacts prosecutorial discretion.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Walnut Street Jail failed because inmates succumbed to illness, insanity, and suicide.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Once a prosecutor decides to pursue a case, the charges cannot later be dropped.
a. True
b. False
Q:
There are very strict, formal qualifications for federal judges.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Case 11-2
The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The legislature was called into an emergency session to pass a budget. One of the major areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how to cut the corrections budget.
Some of the lawmakers are more concerned with the costs of jails than they are of prisons. They make the argument that almost 13 million people are admitted to jails over the course of a year nationwide. Other lawmakers claim that jails are different than prisons and should not be their concern at this time. How are jails different than prisons?
a. Jails are operated by county and city governments.
b. Jails only house inmates that have been convicted of a crime.
c. Jails house inmates who have sentences than longer than 1 year.
d. Jails offer a wide variety of rehabilitation and educational programs.
Q:
A jury can consist of between 6 and 12 people to decide a case in a criminal trial.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Case 11-2
The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The legislature was called into an emergency session to pass a budget. One of the major areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how to cut the corrections budget.
The lawmakers in favor of privatization make the argument that the federal government is utilizing private prisons and that the number of federal inmates in private prisons more than doubled between 2000 and 2010. The current emphasis on imprisoning violators of law seems likely to ensure that this trend will continue.
a. bankruptcy
b. rug
c. immigration
d. terrorism
Q:
Case 11-2
The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The legislature was called into an emergency session to pass a budget. One of the major areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how to cut the corrections budget.
Many lawmakers express their concerns of privatizing the prisons in the state. Which of the following are some of the criticisms that these legislatures make?
a. there is no economic benefit to private prisons
b. private prisons are less secure to government-run prisons
c. private prisons are constitutionally problematic
d. all of these
Q:
Case 11-2
The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The legislature was called into an emergency session to pass a budget. One of the major areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how to cut the corrections budget.
One lawmaker believes that the best way to reduce correctional costs is to privatize the prison system. He makes several arguments as to how privatization of prisons will reduce the overall budget. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons the lawmaker would give to prove his point?
a. competitive bidding
b. fewer programs to inmates
c. labor costs
d. less red tape
Q:
In 1968, only 10 states had state-level automated information systems.
a. True
b. False
Q:
One form of legal representation of indigents is where private attorneys or private law firms provide their services for free.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr. Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Mr. Johnson is on a task force to help the governor figure out a way to cut corrections costs in the state. One agreed upon goal is that the state begins a process of decarceration where it will reduce its inmate population. Which of the following is NOT a common strategy used to reduce the prison population?
a. decrease the probability that nonviolent offenders will be sentenced to prison
b. increase the rate of release of nonviolent offenders from prison
c. increase the rate of release of violent offenders from prison
d. decrease the rate of imprisonment for probation violators
Q:
Computers are replacing judges every day by allowing the judge to videoconference into the courtroom.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr. Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Because this prison is being built to be the "prison of the future," which type of design will the prison follow?
a. courtyard
b. podular
c. radial
d. telephone-pole
Q:
There are specialized state courts for gangs, domestic violence, guns, sex offenders, and the homeless.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr. Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Mr. Johnson receives a phone call from the head of the department of corrections who informs him that the prison will be reserved for the inmates who have extensive records of misconduct in maximum-security prisons. In essence, this prison will be reserved for the "worst of the worst" inmates in the state's correctional system. What type of correctional facility will Mr. Johnson be in charge of?
a. administrative prison
b. maximum-security prison
c. medium-security prison
d. supermax prison