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Counseling
Q:
Each state has one court of last resort that reviews issues of law and fact appealed from the trial courts.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr. Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Mr. Johnson is a firm believer that the classification process is the most important part of the correctional system. This will ensure that each inmate is appropriately assigned to the correctional facility that will be the best fit for him or her. Which of the following is NOT one of the common criteria used for classification purposes?
a. the seriousness of the crime committed
b. the risk of future criminal or violent conduct
c. the size and physical strength of the inmate
d. the need for treatment and rehabilitation programs
Q:
The US court of appeals is empowered only to hear federal cases on substantive and procedural issues involving rights guaranteed by the US Constitution.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Case 11-1
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr. Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Since Mr. Johnson will be responsible for the organization and performance of the correctional facility, what will be his title?
a. deputy
b. mayor
c. sheriff
d. warden
Q:
The concept of attorney competence was defined by the US Supreme Court in the case of Strickland v. Washington.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The primary motivation for reducing prison populations is .
a. financial
b. overcrowding
c. changing sentencing policies
d. changing public opinion
Q:
Plea bargaining is rare.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Like their counterparts in state prisons, jail inmates are overwhelmingly _____________.
a. teenagers
b. older minority adults
c. young male adults
d. young white adults
Q:
Technology in the courtroom is a controversial issue because much of the information used infringes on the rights of the accused.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Interviewing witnesses in a criminal case is one of the duties of the prosecutor.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Most jails are administered by:
a. municipal police.
b. county sheriffs.
c. state government.
d. federal government.
Q:
The Sixth Amendment assures the right to counsel.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Almost two-thirds of jails in this country house fewer than:
a. 100 inmates.
b. 25 inmates.
c. 50 inmates.
d. 200 inmates.
Q:
The typical jail term is approximately .
a. 10 to 30 days
b. 30 to 90 days
c. 180 days
d. 1 year
Q:
In Gideon v. Wainwright, the court took the first major step on the issue of right to counsel.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The US Supreme Court is the only court established by constitutional mandate.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the roles performed by jails?
a. hold individuals convicted of felonies
b. receive individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial
c. temporarily detain juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities
d. hold the mentally ill pending transfer to health facilities
Q:
Which of the following is a correctional facility, usually operated by county government, used to hold persons awaiting trial or those who have been found guilty of misdemeanors?
a. jail
b. maximum-security prison
c. medium-security prison
d. minimum-security prison
Q:
The incentive to privatize is primarily to:
a. best rehabilitate inmates.
b. decrease the cost of incarceration.
c. increase public safety.
d. increase the salaries of correctional officers.
Q:
The prosecution represents the state during bail hearings in the pretrial stage.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Appellate courts try cases.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The main argument against private prisons is:
a. there is too much red tape involved in their management.
b. the operators cut corners.
c. conditions are primitive and unsanitary.
d. they are too expensive.
Q:
Having a parent in prison puts a child at greater risk of:
a. suffering financial hardship.
b. reduced supervision.
c. reduced discipline.
d. all of these.
Q:
In specialized courts there is no monitoring of offenders by judges.
a. True
b. False
Q:
High rates of incarceration likely lead to:
a. higher rates of criminal offending.
b. greater democratic participation.
c. increased delinquent behavior among the children of the incarcerated.
d. a decline in the unemployment rate.
Q:
Domestic violence courts are an example of specialized courts.
a. True
b. False
Q:
There are approximately 3,000 drug courts in operation across the United States.
a. True
b. False
Q:
You have just been put on administrative leave for screaming at and hitting a teen with a nightstick who was loitering and skateboarding in a public area because he disobeyed your order to cease and desist. Until you see the video of yourself on YouTube, secretly recorded by a third party, you didn"t realize how angry you had become after being disrespected and disobeyed by the teen.You have no explanation for your behavior except that you were doing your job. You were placed on administrative leave because:a. you are a "meat eater."b. you used excessive force.c. of extralegal factors.d. of peer factors.
Q:
Incarceration rates have increased dramatically, particularly due to:
a. terrorism.
b. harsher penalties for sex offenders.
c. the war on drugs.
d. the increasing number of juveniles tried and incarcerated as adults.
Q:
A seasoned officer and his new partner are assigned to a crime, drug, and poverty stricken neighborhood. The officer who has been on the force for a while has seen these issues before; he knows that he has to be tough and strong and set the record straight about who the police are, and why they are in force in that neighborhood. His partner grew up in a neighborhood like this one and is well aware of how individuals in this neighborhood view the police.Police officers in communities that provide training in domestic violence prevention are more likely to take action in cases involving spousal abuse. This is an example of what type of factor?a. Environmental factorsb. Departmental factorsc. Peer factorsd. Legal factors
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons cited for the growth in incarcerated populations?
a. federal prison growth
b. increased probability of incarceration
c. inmates serving more time for each crime
d. private prisons
Q:
Which level of prisons is defined as "a correctional institution that houses less dangerous inmates and therefore uses less restrictive measures to avoid violence and escapes"?
a. maximum-security prisons
b. medium-security prisons
c. minimum-security prisons
d. supermax prisons
Q:
A seasoned officer and his new partner are assigned to a crime, drug, and poverty stricken neighborhood. The officer who has been on the force for a while has seen these issues before; he knows that he has to be tough and strong and set the record straight about who the police are, and why they are in force in that neighborhood. His partner grew up in a neighborhood like this one and is well aware of how individuals in this neighborhood view the police.In explaining to a young boy why officers violate the law and no one questions it, what factor would you most likely use?a. Situational factorsb. Peer factorsc. Environmental factorsd. Legal factors
Q:
A seasoned officer and his new partner are assigned to a crime, drug, and poverty stricken neighborhood. The officer who has been on the force for a while has seen these issues before; he knows that he has to be tough and strong and set the record straight about who the police are, and why they are in force in that neighborhood. His partner grew up in a neighborhood like this one and is well aware of how individuals in this neighborhood view the police.Growing up in a neighborhood similar to the one he now patrols, what would be the new partner's best style of policing to use in that neighborhood?a. The law enforcerb. The watchmanc. The crime fighterd. The social agent
Q:
Which level of prisons is defined as a "correctional institution designed to allow inmates, most of whom pose low security risks, a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world"?
a. maximum-security prisons
b. medium-security prisons
c. minimum-security prisons
d. supermax prisons
Q:
Why does a supermax prison work toward strict control of an inmates' movement within the facility?
a. to allow for individual repentance with a religious leader
b. to care for the inmate at an individual level
c. to limit situations that could lead to breakdowns in discipline
d. to provide individual treatment opportunities
Q:
A seasoned officer and his new partner are assigned to a crime, drug, and poverty stricken neighborhood. The officer who has been on the force for a while has seen these issues before; he knows that he has to be tough and strong and set the record straight about who the police are, and why they are in force in that neighborhood. His partner grew up in a neighborhood like this one and is well aware of how individuals in this neighborhood view the police.The officer who has been on the force longer fully intends to enforce the laws "by the book." What is his style of policing?a. The law enforcerb. The watchmanc. The crime fighterd. The arresting officer
Q:
A police officer in plainclothes is eating lunch in a restaurant on his day off. He is not noticed by two patrol officers sitting at the counter having coffee. The uniformed patrol officers get up and leave without paying or even leaving a tip. The owner of the coffee shop is overheard just before the officers leave without paying, saying that he is grateful the police presence remains strong in this rough part of town.When the plainclothes officer left the diner that day, he made sure the waitress knew that his tip included the coffee and tip for the other officers. According to the core beliefs of the police culture, what is the most logical reason that he did this?a. Patrol work is the pits.b. Members of the public are unreasonable.c. Loyalty above everything.d. Police deserve a break.
Q:
What is the main purpose of the supermax prison?
a. to allow inmates to have access to the best trained correctional officers
b. to house high-profile inmates in a comfortable setting
c. to provide rehabilitation to the inmate
d. to strictly control the inmates' movements
Q:
A police officer in plainclothes is eating lunch in a restaurant on his day off. He is not noticed by two patrol officers sitting at the counter having coffee. The uniformed patrol officers get up and leave without paying or even leaving a tip. The owner of the coffee shop is overheard just before the officers leave without paying, saying that he is grateful the police presence remains strong in this rough part of town.The plainclothes police officer decides not to say anything to the officers even though they were wrong not to pay or tip. What is this an example of?a. Double marginalityb. Meat eatingc. The so-called blue curtaind. Full enforcement
Q:
Which level of prisons is relatively rare and extremely controversial due to its overly harsh methods of punishing and controlling the most dangerous prisoners?
a. maximum-security prisons
b. medium-security prisons
c. minimum-security prisons
d. supermax prisons
Q:
The prison is defined as a correctional facility reserved for those inmates who have extensive records of misconduct in maximum-security prisons; it is characterized by extremely strict control and supervision over the inmates, including extensive use of solitary confinement.
a. maximum-security
b. medium-security
c. minimum-security
d. supermax
Q:
Barry has been a police officer since 1972. He has seen a lot of changes in his department and to the culture of policing in general. In the 1970s most of his fellow officers were white men. He thinks the idea of adding more women and minorities to the force is great because it may be easier to respond to certain incidents if you have heterogeneity.William is a new recruit in Barry's department. William's father was a police officer as well and he would like to follow in his footsteps. As a minority, he has heard stories of his father having to patrol a neighborhood but needing to call a white officer to make an arrest. His father's experience can be described as:a. the same as the ethnic minority experience.b. the same as the female experience.c. the blue curtain.d. double marginality.
Q:
Barry has been a police officer since 1972. He has seen a lot of changes in his department and to the culture of policing in general. In the 1970s most of his fellow officers were white men. He thinks the idea of adding more women and minorities to the force is great because it may be easier to respond to certain incidents if you have heterogeneity.Barry was made detective back in 2005 but his partner just retired. His new partner is a woman, he is okay with that, but thinks that she might have trouble. What type of trouble is she likely to run into as a police officer?a. Double marginalityb. The blue curtainc. More disciplinary action by administratorsd. Cynicism
Q:
The Mollen Commission is an example of what type of effort to control police corruption?
a. Outside review board or special prosecution
b. Civil litigation
c. Citizen review board
d. Internal review board
Q:
Inmates who compile extensive misconduct records are usually housed, along with violent and repeat offenders, in a
____.
a. jail
b. maximum-security prison
c. medium-security prison
d. minimum-security prison
Q:
What type of prison design is typical for minimum-security prisons?
a. campus style
b. courtyard style
c. radial design
d. telephone-pole design
Q:
Custodial employees in prisons, those who deal directly with inmates, .
a. make up more than three quarters of a prison's staff
b. make up more than half of a prison's staff
c. make up approximately 40% of a prison's staff
d. make up 100% of a prison's staff, because all employees are categorized as custodial
Q:
When police routinely use excessive force against suspects, it is considered:
a. mooching.
b. abuse of power.
c. chiseling.
d. grappling.
Q:
What is the term used to describe those police officers that accept payoffs when their everyday duties place them in a position to be solicited by the public?
a. Grass eaters
b. Meat eaters
c. Passive criminality
d. Selective enforcement or nonenforcement
Q:
What is the term used to describe those that aggressively misuse police power for personal gain by demanding bribes, threatening legal action, or cooperating with criminals?
a. Grass eaters
b. Meat eaters
c. Active criminality
d. Selective enforcement or nonenforcement
Q:
The is ultimately responsible for the operation of the prison.
a. sheriff
b. attorney general
c. warden
d. chief correctional officer
Q:
In what landmark decision did the Supreme Court rule that police can perform a stop and frisk when they have reasonable suspicion to believe criminal activity is afoot?
a. Miranda v. Arizona
b. Mapp v. Ohio
c. Terry v. Ohio
d. Tennessee v. Garner
Q:
The management structures of both police agencies and correctional facilities are similar in that both have:
a. a chain of command.
b. continuity of purpose.
c. a decentralized leadership structure.
d. a military structure.
Q:
The main difference between police agencies and correctional facilities is that correctional facilities sometimes lack:
a. a chain of command.
b. bureaucracy.
c. continuity of purpose.
d. a military structure.
Q:
What US Supreme Court decision set forth objective standards for questioning by police after a defendant has been taken into custody?
a. Miranda v. Arizona
b. Graham v. Connor
c. Sherman v. California
d. Tennessee v. Garner
Q:
Who is responsible for the organization and operation of state corrections systems?
a. governors
b. sheriffs
c. law enforcement
d. state prison authorities
Q:
Just before the use of firearms, what is the highest level of reasonable officer response mapped out in the FLETC's use-of-force model?
a. Contact controls
b. Kinetic weapons or munitions
c. Impact weapons
d. Incapacitation holds
Q:
What was the name of the famous commission that investigated corruption in New York City in the 1970s?
a. Warren Commission b. Knapp Commission
c. Christopher Commission d. Mollen Commission
Q:
Which level of prisons is considered a correctional institution designed and organized to control and discipline dangerous felons, as well as prevent escape, with intense supervision, cement walls, and electronic, barbed wire fences?
a. maximum-security prisons
b. medium-security prisons
c. minimum-security prisons
d. supermax prisons
Q:
What is the lowest level of reasonable officer response mapped out in the FLETC's use-of-force model?
a. Contact controls
b. Verbal commands
c. Compliance techniques
d. Defensive tactics
Q:
The Quakers' ideals were:
a. humanity and restitution.
b. restitution and incarceration.
c. humanity and rehabilitation.
d. retribution and deterrence.
Q:
What US Supreme Court decision set forth the "reasonable officer" standard for police use of deadly force?
a. Williams v. New York
b. Graham v. Connor
c. Sherman v. California
d. Tennessee v. Garner
Q:
Which prison design is composed of a "wagonwheel"like structure that was created with the dual goals of separation and control?
a. campus style
b. courtyard style
c. radial design
d. telephone-pole design
Q:
The held that institutions should offer a variety of programs and therapies to cure inmates of their "ills,"
whatever their root causes.
a. congregate system
b. medical model
c. separate confinement system
d. supermax system
Q:
What US Supreme Court case deemed the use of deadly force against an unarmed and non-dangerous fleeing felon an illegal seizure under the Fourth Amendment?
a. Tennessee v. Garner
b. Graham v. Conner
c. Gregg v. Georgia
d. US v. Weeks
Q:
Which of the following is not commonly identified as a factor related to police shootings?
a. Firearms availability in the community
b. Administrative policies
c. Social conflict
d. Poverty levels
Q:
An essay by provided critics of the medical model with statistical evidence that rehabilitation efforts did nothing to lower recidivism rates.
a. Progressives
b. Quakers
c. Robert Martinson
d. warden organizations
Q:
Justification of the use of deadly force via the "fleeing felon" rule can be traced to:
a. English Common Law.
b. the landmark Tennessee v. Garner case.
c. the landmark Graham v. Conner case.
d. the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) guidelines.
Q:
At , good behavior was rewarded by early release, and misbehavior was punished with extended time under a three-grade system of classification.
a. Auburn Prison
b. the Eastern Penitentiary
c. Elmira
d. the Western Penitentiary
Q:
The greatest factor in controlling the use of unwarranted police brutality is/are?
a. labeling officers "Meat Eaters."
b. threat of civil judgments against police chiefs that condone violent behavior.
c. suicide by cop.
d. threat of civil judgment against individual officers.
Q:
If Pennsylvania's prisons were designed to transform wrongdoers into honest citizens, those in New York focused on:
a. idleness.
b. obedience.
c. silence.
d. privacy.
Q:
What pattern does research reveal regarding officers' involvement in use-of-force incidents?
a. There is little evidence that use-of-force incidents are racially motivated.
b. A small portion of officers account for a sizable portion of the abuses.
c. Problem officers tend to be young and inexperienced members of the force.
d. All of the above are correct.
Q:
The inconvenience and physical strains that come from rotating shift work are examples of ______ stressors.
a. external
b. organizational
c. duty
d. individual
Q:
Court decisions that limit police discretion are an example of a(n) __________ stressor.
a. external
b. organizational
c. duty
d. individual
Q:
Eventually, the penitentiary at Walnut Street succumbed to the same problems that continue to plague institutions of confinement. What were these problems?
a. excessive costs and overcrowding
b. excessive costs and intruding politics
c. intruding politics and overcrowding
d. overcrowding and violence
Q:
Stress reduction programs may include:
a. diet information
b. biofeedback
c. meditation
d. all the above
Q:
Which is an early form of correctional facility that emphasized separating inmates from society and from one another so that they would have an environment in which to reflect on their wrongdoing, and ponder their reformation?
a. jail
b. penitentiary
c. prison
d. supermax facility
Q:
In what state was the first penitentiary opened?
a. Washington, DC
b. Illinois
c. New York
d. Pennsylvania
Q:
The demeanor of the offender is considered this type of factor?
a. Environmental
b. Departmental
c. Extralegal
d. Situational