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Q:
is a strategy to keep offenders who qualify away from prison and jail and sentence them to community-based and intermediate sanctions.
Q:
A goal of corrections that focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the community is ______________.
Q:
Compare and contrast the "fleeing felon" and Tennessee v. Garner rules as they relate to police use of deadly force.
Q:
Home detention is the strictest form of home monitoring.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Intermediate sanctions increase the amount of control the state exerts over the individual compared to standard probation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Identify and describe the factors that have been related to police shootings.
Q:
Intensive supervision probation (ISP) clients typically have lower violation rates than traditional probationers.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Boot camp is a variation on traditional shock incarceration.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Identify and describe the distinct categories of stressors that impact police officers.
Q:
Identify and describe the different factors that commonly influence an officer's use of discretion.
Q:
Using a juvenile assault as an example, compare and contrast the four major styles of police work. Explain how these styles influence police discretion.
Q:
Forfeiture is a process by which the government seizes property gained from or used in criminal activity.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Explain the changes that have occurred in the hiring of minority and female officers. What are some of the problems experienced by these two groups of officers?
Q:
Offenders who successfully complete pretrial diversion have the charges pending against them dropped.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The federal Crime Victims' Rights Act provides victims with the right to be reasonably notified of any parole proceedings and the right to attend and be reasonably heard at such proceedings.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Discuss how the role of a police officer and the police subculture are of concern to the public.
Q:
When parole is denied, the reasons usually involve poor prison behavior by the offender and/or the severity of the underlying crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Because of good-time credits and parole, most prisoners do not serve their entire sentence in prison.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In Graham v. Conner, the Supreme Court ruled that issues related to nondeadly force must be judged from the standpoint of a __________ officer.
Q:
When authorities do attempt to revoke parole for a technical violation, they must not provide the parolee with a revocation hearing and counsel to represent the parolee.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In the wake of the Knapp Commission, the _____ system was put in place to hold supervisors at each level directly accountable for the illegal behaviors of the officers under their command.
Q:
In _________ theSupreme Court ruled that the police can perform a stop and frisk when they have reasonable suspicion to believe that criminal activity is afoot.
Q:
If an officer uses his or her position of trust/power to commit the very crimes they are entrusted with controlling, he or she is engaged in ______.
Q:
Parole supervision is similar to probation supervision.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Most probationers are repeat offenders who have committed nonviolent crimes.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Perhaps the greatest factor in controlling the use of ______________ is the threat of civil judgments against individual officers.
Q:
The first step of the revocation process is the arraignment.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Exercising legitimate discretion for improper reasons or using illegal means to achieve approved goals is referred to as _______.
Q:
Most of the rules of evidence that govern regular trials do not play a role in revocation hearings.
a. True
b. False
Q:
_________________ accept payoffs when their everyday duties place them in a position to "look the other way."
Q:
Probationers who commit technical violations are very likely to have their probation revoked.
a. True
b. False
Q:
An offender is most likely to be denied probation if he or she seriously injured the victim of the crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In Terry v. Ohio, the Supreme Court rules that police can _______ when they have reasonable suspicion to believe criminal activity is taking place.
Q:
Conditions such as fines, restitution, and drug testing are considered standard conditions of probation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
________________ is the evidentiary criterion necessary to sustain an arrest or the issuance of an arrest or search warrant.
Q:
The ___________________ is where evidence is admissible in court if the police officers acted in good faith by first obtaining court approval for their search, even if the warrant they received was deficient or faulty.
Q:
The most controversial issue revolving around the court's control of police behavior is commonly known as the ____________________.
Q:
The ideal probation officer-offender relationship is based on supervision and authority.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In the absence of trust, most probation officers rely on their authority to guide an offender successfully through the sentence.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In larger jurisdictions, the same probation officers prepare the presentence investigative report and supervise offenders.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In the case of ____________________, the Supreme Court created objective standards for questioning by police after a defendant has been taken into custody.
Q:
The court created a reasonableness standard for the use of force in the case of ____________________.
Q:
In the case Florida v. Powell, an updated interpretation of the __________ stated that it does not require that the suspect be advised that they have the right to have an attorney present during questioning.
Q:
Anger-control therapy is an example of a punitive condition of probation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Every nonviolent offender is eligible for probation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The ____________________ rule is the oldest deadly use-of-force standard, dating back to English Common Law times.
Q:
Racial profiling would be considered a(n) ____________________ decision-making factor.
Q:
Split sentence probation is also known as shock probation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Police subculture is considered a(n) ____________ decision-making factor.
Q:
Probation is the least common form of punishment in the United States.
a. True
b. False
Q:
____________________ occurs when police abuse or exploit their discretion.
Q:
Community-based corrections are an important means of diverting criminals to alternative modes of punishment so that scarce incarceration resources are consumed by only the most dangerous criminals.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Community-based corrections programs are more cost efficient than incarceration.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Case 10-2
Sandra was recently released from a juvenile detention facility. She was serving time for theft, burglary, and assault. Sandra was in a well-known street gang. To celebrate her release from the juvenile facility and her 18th birthday, Sandra decided it would be fun to carjack a car with her gang member friends. She took a gun from her older brother. On the evening of the carjacking, Sandra and a fellow gang member approached a car that was being driven by an elderly woman. Sandra pointed the gun at the woman through the driver's side window and screamed for her to get out of the car. When the victim opened her door, Sandra pulled her out of the car and pushed her on the ground. Sandra jumped into the driver's seat of the vehicle while Sandra's friend jumped into the passenger side of the car. They drove around for a couple of hours before crashing the car into a tree and fleeing the scene.
Sandra's fingerprints were found on the vehicle and the victim identified Sandra as the offender from a photo lineup. Sandra was brought into custody and charged with an armed carjacking. Because of previous violent felony convictions, Sandra is looking at being charged under habitual offender laws. She can potentially get a 25-year prison sentence.
While Sandra is serving her sentence in the community, she failed to satisfy the conditions of her probation sentence. What would be the first stage in her probation revocation?
a. preliminary hearing
b. revocation hearing
c. revocation sentencing
d. trial
Q:
The ____________________ style of policing believes the most important aspects of police work are investigating serious crimes and apprehending criminals.
Q:
The belief that most people's actions are motivated solely by personal needs and selfishness is referred to as _______.
Q:
The ____________________ style of policing is characterized by an emphasis on maintaining public order.
Q:
Case 10-2
Sandra was recently released from a juvenile detention facility. She was serving time for theft, burglary, and assault. Sandra was in a well-known street gang. To celebrate her release from the juvenile facility and her 18th birthday, Sandra decided it would be fun to carjack a car with her gang member friends. She took a gun from her older brother. On the evening of the carjacking, Sandra and a fellow gang member approached a car that was being driven by an elderly woman. Sandra pointed the gun at the woman through the driver's side window and screamed for her to get out of the car. When the victim opened her door, Sandra pulled her out of the car and pushed her on the ground. Sandra jumped into the driver's seat of the vehicle while Sandra's friend jumped into the passenger side of the car. They drove around for a couple of hours before crashing the car into a tree and fleeing the scene.
Sandra's fingerprints were found on the vehicle and the victim identified Sandra as the offender from a photo lineup. Sandra was brought into custody and charged with an armed carjacking. Because of previous violent felony convictions, Sandra is looking at being charged under habitual offender laws. She can potentially get a 25-year prison sentence.
The prosecutor demands that Sandra be required to remain at home at all times and only be allowed to leave her home for medical emergencies. This type of sentence is referred to as:
a. curfew.
b. home detention.
c. home incarceration.
d. shock incarceration.
Q:
In his classic 1969 book, African Americans in Blue, Nicholas Alex pointed out that African"American officers of the time suffered from what he called ____________________.
Q:
Case 10-2
Sandra was recently released from a juvenile detention facility. She was serving time for theft, burglary, and assault. Sandra was in a well-known street gang. To celebrate her release from the juvenile facility and her 18th birthday, Sandra decided it would be fun to carjack a car with her gang member friends. She took a gun from her older brother. On the evening of the carjacking, Sandra and a fellow gang member approached a car that was being driven by an elderly woman. Sandra pointed the gun at the woman through the driver's side window and screamed for her to get out of the car. When the victim opened her door, Sandra pulled her out of the car and pushed her on the ground. Sandra jumped into the driver's seat of the vehicle while Sandra's friend jumped into the passenger side of the car. They drove around for a couple of hours before crashing the car into a tree and fleeing the scene.
Sandra's fingerprints were found on the vehicle and the victim identified Sandra as the offender from a photo lineup. Sandra was brought into custody and charged with an armed carjacking. Because of previous violent felony convictions, Sandra is looking at being charged under habitual offender laws. She can potentially get a 25-year prison sentence.
At sentencing, Sandra's defense attorney suggests a punishmentoriented form of probation where she will be
placed under strict and more frequent surveillance than conventional probation. This punishment is known as:
a. intensive supervision probation.
b. intermediate supervision probation.
c. shock supervision probation.
d. extreme supervision probation.
Q:
Case 10-2
Sandra was recently released from a juvenile detention facility. She was serving time for theft, burglary, and assault. Sandra was in a well-known street gang. To celebrate her release from the juvenile facility and her 18th birthday, Sandra decided it would be fun to carjack a car with her gang member friends. She took a gun from her older brother. On the evening of the carjacking, Sandra and a fellow gang member approached a car that was being driven by an elderly woman. Sandra pointed the gun at the woman through the driver's side window and screamed for her to get out of the car. When the victim opened her door, Sandra pulled her out of the car and pushed her on the ground. Sandra jumped into the driver's seat of the vehicle while Sandra's friend jumped into the passenger side of the car. They drove around for a couple of hours before crashing the car into a tree and fleeing the scene.
Sandra's fingerprints were found on the vehicle and the victim identified Sandra as the offender from a photo lineup. Sandra was brought into custody and charged with an armed carjacking. Because of previous violent felony convictions, Sandra is looking at being charged under habitual offender laws. She can potentially get a 25-year prison sentence.
Because Sandra is young and this is her first felony conviction as an adult, the judge is reluctant to sentence her to prison because he thinks it would be too harsh and counterproductive. However, he thinks that she requires stricter supervision than supplied by probation. What would be a likely sentence for Sandra in this situation?
a. atypical sanctions
b. intermediate sanctions
c. special sanctions
d. technical sanctions
Q:
You have just been put on administrative leave for screaming at and hitting a teen with a nightstick who was loitering and skateboarding in a public area because he disobeyed your order to cease and desist. Until you see the video of yourself on YouTube, secretly recorded by a third party, you didn"t realize how angry you had become after being disrespected and disobeyed by the teen.When you took this teen into custody for loitering and skateboarding in a public area, he wanted to call his mom from the squad car. The teen tells his mom that he was wrong and he was arrested. You now have evidence that you did your job and that the teen violated the ordinance against loitering and skateboarding. Why can"t you use this statement against him?a. He is a minor.b. You didn"t Mirandize him.c. You don"t have a second officer as a witness.d. You were subsequently put on administrative leave.
Q:
Define forensic science and discuss what forensic experts can contribute to police agencies and investigations.
Q:
Case 10-2
Sandra was recently released from a juvenile detention facility. She was serving time for theft, burglary, and assault. Sandra was in a well-known street gang. To celebrate her release from the juvenile facility and her 18th birthday, Sandra decided it would be fun to carjack a car with her gang member friends. She took a gun from her older brother. On the evening of the carjacking, Sandra and a fellow gang member approached a car that was being driven by an elderly woman. Sandra pointed the gun at the woman through the driver's side window and screamed for her to get out of the car. When the victim opened her door, Sandra pulled her out of the car and pushed her on the ground. Sandra jumped into the driver's seat of the vehicle while Sandra's friend jumped into the passenger side of the car. They drove around for a couple of hours before crashing the car into a tree and fleeing the scene.
Sandra's fingerprints were found on the vehicle and the victim identified Sandra as the offender from a photo lineup. Sandra was brought into custody and charged with an armed carjacking. Because of previous violent felony convictions, Sandra is looking at being charged under habitual offender laws. She can potentially get a 25-year prison sentence.
If Sandra is convicted, what would be the most likely reason that she would be denied probation?
a. Sandra is a female.
b. Sandra is only 18 years old.
c. Sandra used a weapon during the commission of the crime.
d. Sandra was in a gang.
Q:
Discuss the major problems of community policing strategies.
Q:
Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of burglary after he broke into his exgirlfriend's car to steal the change that she keeps in the cup-holder.
The parties finally agree and Scott is sentenced to 3 years of probation with no jail time. The judge informs Scott at his sentencing that he must meet all the required conditions of his probation. These conditions include refraining from all criminal activity, staying employed, attending all required meetings with his probation officer, and reporting all address changes. Failing to report a change of address would be considered a(n):
a. extralegal violation.
b. legal violation.
c. standard violation.
d. technical violation.
Q:
Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of burglary after he broke into his exgirlfriend's car to steal the change that she keeps in the cup-holder.
The judge has scheduled a conference in his chambers with the prosecutor and the defense attorney. He instructs the two attorneys that he wants a plea deal with an agreed upon sentence the next morning. The judge explains to the prosecutor that many offenders are placed on probation for the same offense that Scott committed and never serve any jail or prison time. The judge further explains that if Scott is placed on probation he will require that Scott attend alcohol counseling and anger-control therapy. These conditions that the judge orders are referred to as:
a. punitive conditions.
b. rehabilitative conditions.
c. standard conditions.
d. treatment conditions.
Q:
Compare and contrast problem-oriented policing and community policing.
Q:
How effective has community policing been in reducing crime and improving community-law enforcement relations?
Q:
Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of burglary after he broke into his exgirlfriend's car to steal the change that she keeps in the cup-holder.
The defense attorney is worried that sending Scott to jail will only make Scott's situation worse. While his court case was pending, Scott got a job at a local grocery store and has started to clean up his act. The defense attorney would prefer that if Scott were to plead guilty to the offense, he would not be required to serve any jail time immediately. He prefers that Scott be given a chance to prove himself and only have to serve time in jail if he reoffends. This type of sentence is known as a(n):
a. boot camp.
b. shock incarceration.
c. shock probation.
d. suspended sentence.
Q:
Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of burglary after he broke into his exgirlfriend's car to steal the change that she keeps in the cup-holder.
The prosecutor in this case is adamant that Scott serve some jail time. In the plea discussions, the prosecutor suggests that Scott agree to spend 90 days in jail and then he will automatically serve a 2-year probation sentence. This suggested sentence is known as:
a. boot camp.
b. shock incarceration.
c. shock probation.
d. suspended sentence.
Q:
Explain the three key points to Wilson and Kelling's broken windows model. Elaborate how the move to community policing reflects the move from a purely crime-control model to one that encompasses elements of rehabilitation and restorative justice.
Q:
Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of burglary after he broke into his exgirlfriend's car to steal the change that she keeps in the cup-holder.
The prosecutor in the case expresses concern that Scott is headed down the wrong path and suggests a little prison time would shake him up. The defense attorney in the case believes that it is not necessary to imprison Scott for this offense. Even though the law states that Scott can serve up to 5 years in a state prison for his offense, his attorney believes that prison resources are too scarce and that Scott is an offender who qualifies for a community- based sanction. This practice is known as:
a. diversion.
b. incapacitation.
c. reintegration.
d. specific deterrence.
Q:
For many years, preventive patrol has been considered one of the greatest deterrents to criminal behavior. Discuss what the research from the Kansas City study reveals about the relationship between prevention patrol and crime deterrence.
Q:
Discuss three reasons why investigations are often ineffective. What can be done to improve investigations?
Q:
The criticism that intermediate sanctions designed to divert offenders from prison actually increase the number of citizens who are under the control and surveillance of the American corrections system is known as what?
a. diversion
b. reintegration
c. scared straight
d. widening the net
Q:
What level of home monitoring requires that offenders remain home at all times, with exceptions being made for education, employment, counseling, or other specified activities such as the purchase of food, or in some instances attendance at religious ceremonies?
a. curfew
b. home detention
c. home incarceration
d. home probation
Q:
What type of electronic monitoring involves an offender wearing a device around the wrist, ankle, or neck, which sends out a continuous signal?
a. programmed contact
b. programmed dialers
c. continuous signaling
d. continuous dialers
Q:
Explain the major purposes of patrol and how patrols can be improved.
Q:
How does the media representation of policing differ from reality? Name one movie or television show that accurately portrays the police?