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Q:
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the time-in-rank system.
Q:
What level of home monitoring requires offenders to be in their homes at specific hours, usually at night?
a. curfew
b. home detention
c. home incarceration
d. home probation
Q:
More than 90 percent of all police departments require this type of training, and the average officer receives more than 500 hours of _____ training, including 400 hours in the classroom and the rest in the field.
Q:
The most restrictive level of home monitoring is:
a. curfew.
b. home detention.
c. home incarceration.
d. electronic monitoring.
Q:
It has become common for police departments to institute _____ oversight over police practices and to establish review boards to listen to complaints and conduct investigations.
Q:
What type of electronic monitoring involves an offender being contacted periodically by telephone or beeper to verify his or her whereabouts?
a. programmed contact
b. programmed dialers
c. receiver-contacts
d. receiver-dialers
Q:
The _________ unit is the branch of the police that conducts investigations of charges of police misconduct or corruption.
Q:
What level of home monitoring requires the offender to remain home at all times, save for medical emergencies?
a. curfew
b. home detention
c. home incarceration
d. home probation
Q:
A _________ is a mechanism to exchange information and intelligence, maximize resources, streamline operations, and improve the ability to fight crime and terrorism by analyzing data from multiple sources.
Q:
A community-based sanction in which offenders serve their terms of incarceration in their homes is called:
a. home confinement.
b. intensive supervision probation.
c. pretrial diversion program.
d. shock incarceration.
Q:
The UK National Drugs Intelligence Unit is an example of_____________ policing.
Q:
Scared straight and boot camp are two forms of .
a. home confinement
b. intensive supervision probation
c. pretrial diversion programming
d. shock incarceration
Q:
Which form of shock incarceration was modeled after military basic training, emphasizing strict discipline, manual labor, and physical training?
a. boot camp
b. intensive supervision probation
c. pretrial diversion program
d. scared straight
Q:
There is empirical evidence that _________ community-oriented policing efforts can reduce disorder and impact the crime rate.
Q:
A well-know program, __________________, is a problem-oriented policing intervention aimed at reducing youth homicide and youth firearms violence in Boston.
Q:
Offenders sentenced to shock incarceration usually spend in prison or jail before being released and resentenced to probation.
a. 90 days
b. 6 months
c. 9 months
d. 1 year
Q:
A punishment-oriented form of probation in which the offender is placed under stricter and more frequent surveillance and control than conventional probation by probation officers with limited caseloads is a(n):
a. day reporting center.
b. home confinement.
c. intensive supervision probation.
d. pretrial diversion program.
Q:
_________________integrates information from different jurisdictions into a single database that detectives can access when working on investigations.
Q:
_____________ policing involves the collection and analysis of information designed to inform police decision making at both the tactical and strategic level.
Q:
Places from which a significant portion of all police calls originate are referred to as _______.
Q:
A majority of states limit intensive supervision probation to offenders who:
a. do not have a previous conviction.
b. do not have a prior probation violation.
c. do not have a drug problem.
d. do not have a job.
Q:
Defining roles, changing supervisor attitudes, and revised training are challenges of ______ policing.
Q:
Day reporting centers were first used in:
a. Norway.
b. United States.
c. Australia.
d. Great Britain.
Q:
A community-based corrections center to which offenders report on a daily basis for the purpose of treatment, education, and incapacitation is a:
a. day reporting center.
b. treatment center.
c. pretrial diversion program.
d. probation office.
Q:
A_________________ involves organized groups of detectives or patrol officers working in plain clothes who deceive criminals into openly committing illegal acts or conspiring to engage in criminal activity.
Q:
The statement "Neighborhoods give off crime-promoting signals" is a point made by ___________________ in the broken windows model.
Q:
On successful completion of a drug court program, the offender is usually rewarded by:
a. having all charges against him or her dropped.
b. spending a limited time in jail.
c. spending a limited time in prison.
d. spending a limited time on probation.
Q:
To achieve the goals of community-oriented policing, some police agencies have tried to decentralize, which is referred to as ______ policing.
Q:
If an offender chooses to attend drug court, they place themselves in the hands of a who will enforce a mixture of treatment and sanctions in an attempt to cure their addiction.
a. judge
b. jury
c. probation officer
d. prosecutor
Q:
What is an alternative to trial offered by a judge or prosecutor, in which the offender agrees to participate in a specified counseling treatment program in return for withdrawal of the charges?
a. day reporting center
b. home confinement
c. pretrial diversion program
d. probation office
Q:
_______ is the use of scientific techniques to investigate questions of interest to the justice system to solve crimes.
Q:
____________________ policing strategies require police agencies to identify particular long-term community issues and to develop strategies to eliminate these issues.
Q:
Which of the following is true regarding intermediate sanctions?
a. Intermediate sanctions are less restrictive than probation and more restrictive than imprisonment.
b. Intermediate sanctions provide a number of additional sentencing options for wrongdoers who require stricter supervision than that supplied by standard probation.
c. Intermediate sanctions are not designed to match specific punishment and treatment of an individual offender with a corrections program that reflects the offender's situation.
d. Intermediate sanctions are not intended to alleviate pressure on overcrowded facilities and understaffed probation departments.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the options of intermediate sanctions that judges have in sentencing?
a. community service
b. fines
c. imprisonment
d. restitution
Q:
A(n) ____________________ is an operation designed to encourage and observe criminal behavior so the officers can make an arrest.
Q:
____________________ are groups of police officers who enforce morality-based laws such as prostitution.
Q:
A process by which the government seizes private property attached to criminal activity is:
a. community service.
b. fines.
c. forfeiture.
d. restitution.
Q:
The ____________________ model is the term used to describe the role of the police as maintainers of community order and safety.
Q:
About of parolees return to prison before the end of their parole period, mostly because they were convicted of a new offense or had their parole revoked.
a. a quarter
b. half
c. a third
d. two thirds
Q:
____________________ is an aggressive law enforcement style that emphasizes attacking crimes head-on and in advance rather than waiting for calls for service.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor of recidivism?
a. Antisocial personality patterns
b. Procriminal attitudes
c. Lack of education
d. Social supports for crime
Q:
In which case did the Court rule that probationers were entitled to an attorney during the revocation process?
a. Morriseyv.Brewer
b. Gagnonv.Scarpelli
c. Minnesotav.Murphy
d. Mempav.Rhay
Q:
One aggressive patrol program, known as the ____________________, was directed at restricting the carrying of guns in high-risk places at high-risk times.
Q:
Stopping or reducing crime by convincing potential criminals that they stand a significant risk of being apprehended and punished is referred to as the ________.
Q:
Started in New York City, __________is/was a means of directing police efforts in a more productive way.
Q:
During this hearing, the probation agency presents evidence to support its claim of violation, and the probationer can attempt to refute this evidence.
a. preliminary hearing
b. revocation hearing
c. preliminary sentencing
d. revocation sentencing
Q:
Failing to report a change of address is a violation, which may result in revocation of probation.
a. common
b. punitive
c. standard
d. technical
Q:
Conditions imposed on all probationers are:
a. community.
b. punitive.
c. standard.
d. treatment.
Q:
____________________ is another term for the order maintenance function of police.
Q:
Designated police patrol areas are called ____________________.
Q:
The ________ is the top administrator of the police department who sets policy and has general control over departmental practices.
Q:
In general, the conditions placed on a probationer fall into three categories. Which of the following is not one of these conditions?
a. cumulative conditions
b. punitive conditions
c. standard conditions
d. treatment conditions
Q:
Which of the following reasons could contribute to an offender being denied probation?
a. conviction of multiple charges
b. on parole at the time of he or she arrest
c. using a weapon during the commission of a crime
d. all of these
Q:
In , also known as shock probation, the offender is sentenced to a specific amount of time in prison or jail, to be followed by a period of probation.
a. intermittent incarceration
b. shock incarceration
c. suspended sentence
d. split sentence probation
Q:
Most promotions in policing have ____________________ requirements.
Q:
Mackenzie is familiar with street life. She was a drug dealer who spent time in jail and prison and then cleaned up her act after she was arrested for the third time. When she was in prison she learned a lot from her fellow inmates. Now, she spends most of her time hanging out with her friends, some of whom are still dealers. This gives her a chance to be "in the know" but not in trouble.Mackenzie has seen with her own eyes how a nice neighborhood can go downhill into disorder and chaos. She is a product of a neighborhood that once was okay and now is full of deteriorated housing. What would be one lesson that she has learned from growing up where she did?a. Neighborhood disorder creates fear.b. Hot spot policing works in reducing crime.c. Improving response time reduces crime.d. Directed policing creates mistrust.
Q:
What is a judicially imposed condition in which an offender is sentenced after being convicted of a crime, but is not required to begin serving the sentence immediately?
a. community corrections
b. probation
c. split sentence probation
d. suspended sentence
Q:
The most common form of punishment in the United States is:
a. imprisonment.
b. probation.
c. community service.
d. restitution.
Q:
Mackenzie is familiar with street life. She was a drug dealer who spent time in jail and prison and then cleaned up her act after she was arrested for the third time. When she was in prison she learned a lot from her fellow inmates. Now, she spends most of her time hanging out with her friends, some of whom are still dealers. This gives her a chance to be "in the know" but not in trouble.Mackenzie has been in contact with the police again but this time they want her help. They want to know about a particular inmate she served time with and the crimes that that inmate committed. What type of policing aligns best with what Mackenzie will tell the police?a. Order maintenanceb. Intelligence-led policingc. Problem-oriented policingd. Street-level drug enforcement
Q:
Gary is a police officer who is also a forensic scientist. Currently, his job is in the crime lab and includes processing fingerprints, examining blood spatter evidence, and testing evidence for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). One day he would like to work for the civil justice system instead of the criminal justice system.Gary has been reassigned to a patrol unit that is focused on reducing youth crime by saturating the area with police officers. Gary has become part of a ______ policing unit.a. community-orientedb. hot spotc. aggressived. Problem-oriented
Q:
Reintegration has a strong theoretical basis in the philosophy of punishment.
a. retributive
b. incapacitative
c. deterrence
d. rehabilitative
Q:
Gary is a police officer who is also a forensic scientist. Currently, his job is in the crime lab and includes processing fingerprints, examining blood spatter evidence, and testing evidence for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). One day he would like to work for the civil justice system instead of the criminal justice system.
Although Gary currently works in the crime lab, he has noticed that the role of policing is changing in his department. He has seen his fellow officers do more patrolling and problem solving, and there has been a shift from the traditional top-down management approach. What is his department's focus now?
a. Getting back to patrolling as a central function
b. Community-oriented policing
c. Problem-oriented policing
d. Watchman-style policing
Q:
Gary is a police officer who is also a forensic scientist. Currently, his job is in the crime lab and includes processing fingerprints, examining blood spatter evidence, and testing evidence for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). One day he would like to work for the civil justice system instead of the criminal justice system.
Which duty would Gary perform in civil justice more often than what he does as a criminal forensic scientist?
a. Handwriting analysis
b. Toxicology
c. Trace evidence
d. Study law enforcement tactics
Q:
A strategy to keep those offenders who qualify away from prison and jail and toward community-based and intermediate sanctions is:
a. deterrence.
b. diversion.
c. incapacitation.
d. reintegration.
Q:
Which goal of corrections focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the community unmarred by further criminal behavior?
a. deterrence
b. diversion
c. incapacitation
d. reintegration
Q:
Madalyn has just earned her degree in Information Systems. After graduation she decides to go to the police academy. She believes that working for the police and combining her knowledge of computers would be a great niche field.
What does Madalyn not do in her role as a patrol officer?
a. Arrest suspects
b. "˜Handle the situation"
c. Gather evidence
d. Order maintenance
Q:
Many methods of execution have been found to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Madalyn has just earned her degree in Information Systems. After graduation she decides to go to the police academy. She believes that working for the police and combining her knowledge of computers would be a great niche field.
Madalyn's department is trying something new to fight crime. Her orders are to maintain a presence in the community, get to know the business owners and residents and gain their trust. Why would she do this as part of her police duties?
a. Aggressive policing increases crime.
b. Technology has made the police cold and impersonal.
c. Police need community cooperation to reduce fear and crime.
d. This is the main role of patrol officers.
Q:
Madalyn has just earned her degree in Information Systems. After graduation she decides to go to the police academy. She believes that working for the police and combining her knowledge of computers would be a great niche field.
When Madalyn is on patrol, she focuses on stopping motor vehicles and aggressively arresting and detaining suspects that pose potential dangers to the community. This concept is called:
a. proactive policing.
b. selective enforcement.
c. full enforcement.
d. hot spot policing.
Q:
Judges are not allowed to depart from the sentences stated in sentencing guidelines.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Women who are convicted of crimes are more likely than their male counterparts to be sentenced to prison.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Madalyn has just earned her degree in Information Systems. After graduation she decides to go to the police academy. She believes that working for the police and combining her knowledge of computers would be a great niche field.
Madalyn has always wanted to be a police officer. She cannot wait to be on the street and chasing down bad guys. In her first month on the job, she makes two arrests and there were no chases. What is the most logical reason why?
a. Females are treated differently in policing.
b. Police engage in many noncrime-related activities.
c. Investigation is a key role that police officers fulfill.
d. According to the UCR, crime rates are decreasing.
Q:
Madalyn has just earned her degree in Information Systems. After graduation she decides to go to the police academy. She believes that working for the police and combining her knowledge of computers would be a great niche field.
A job posting for a senior computer technician is posted within the police department. With her degree in information systems, Madalyn applies and is sure she will be welcomed with open arms into the job. The most likely reason she wouldn"t get the job is because:
a. females are treated differently in policing.
b. the time-in-rank system.
c. more women are needed to handle female criminals on the streets.
d. patrol is the backbone of the police department.
Q:
What is Operation Ceasefire?a. A problem-oriented policing program in Boston to get guns off the street.b. A community-oriented policing program in Chicago aimed at auto theft.c. A crime-mapping program in Dallas designed to plot gun crimes.d. A civilian review board initiative in New York.
Q:
When two criminals receive different sentences for the same offense, this is known as sentencing discrimination.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The rate of imprisonment is especially high for minorities who are young and unemployed.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The concept of hot spots of crime is most closely associated with which model of policing?
a. Community-oriented policing
b. Neighborhood-oriented policing
c. Problem-oriented policing
d. Police-community relations
Q:
An example of an aggravating circumstance is that the defendant was coerced into committing the crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Judges are not uniform, or even consistent, in their opinions of which circumstances are mitigating or aggravating.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is not a challenge of community-oriented policing?
a. Changing attitudes of supervisors
b. Reorienting values of the police
c. Defining community
d. All of these are challenges of community-oriented policing