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Q:
Many prosecutors and defense attorneys are opposed to "real offense" procedures because they can render a plea
bargain meaningless.
a. True
b. False
Q:
What have evaluations of foot patrol programs in New Jersey and Michigan demonstrated?
a. The crime rate went down in foot patrol beats.
b. The crime rate went up in foot patrol beats.
c. Officer job satisfaction increased.
d. Citizen attitudes toward the police improved.
Q:
Which of the following police operations best exemplifies community-oriented policing?
a. A sting operation where officers pose as fences of stolen property.
b. Creation of a well-armed special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team trained in hostage negotiation.
c. Computerized data terminals installed on the dash of all patrol cars.
d. The hiring of bilingual officers to patrol ethnic neighborhoods.
Q:
Juries have traditionally been assigned a relatively small role in felony sentencing.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Community-oriented policing links police effectiveness to:
a. productive interaction with the community being served.
b. interrelationships between cooperative police agencies.
c. efficient utilization of existing personnel.
d. optimized usage of advanced technology.
Q:
The presentence investigative report is compiled by the prosecutor.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is not a focus of community policing?
a. Order maintenance
b. Emergency service
c. Crime fighting
d. Problem solving
Q:
Alternative sanctions combine probation with other dispositions such as electronic monitoring, house arrest, boot camps, and shock incarceration.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is not a fundamental assumption of the broken windows model?
a. Neighborhood disorder creates fear.
b. Neighborhoods can give out crime-promoting signals.
c. Police require citizen cooperation.
d. Reactive patrol is necessary.
Q:
A fine is a direct payment to the victim or victims of a crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Community policing is often exemplified by which of the following models?
a. Broken windows
b. Shattered promises
c. Urban decay
d. Urban blight
Q:
Sentence-reduction programs are regularly abused as a "get free out of jail card."
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is a commonly cited source of ineffective investigation?
a. Length of investigation
b. Poor sources of information
c. Poor follow-up on initial calls for service
d. All of the above
Q:
In Martin Innes's study of investigation techniques, he found that police rely heavily on _________ that includes canvas of neighborhoods, interviews with friends/family, and constructing victim/suspect timelines to solve a crime.
a. specific focus
b. general coverage
c. technology and crime mapping
d. sting operations
Q:
In federal court, capital punishment can be an option for those who traffic large amounts of illegal drugs.
a. True
b. False
Q:
During a sentencing hearing, the judge's role is passive and reactive.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The vice squad specializes in:
a. violent crime.
b. property crime.
c. crimes of public morals.
d. sex crime.
Q:
Which of the following is true?
a. Criminal investigation is a key element of police work.
b. Detectives are often handicapped by limited time, money, and resources.
c. Modern criminal investigators are usually knowledgeable about legal rules of evidence and procedure.
d. All of these statements are true.
Q:
"Good time" is a reduction in time served by prisoners based on good behavior, conformity to rules, and other positive actions.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Truth-in-sentencing laws require defendants to serve 100% of their sentences.
a. True
b. False
Q:
What was a result of the Kansas City Gun Experiment?
a. There was a measurable effect on gun crimes in the target area during the experiment.
b. Assaults on police officers increased in the target area.
c. Gun crimes in the target area marginally increased.
d. Gun crimes were displaced to contiguous beats.
Q:
When an offender is sentenced under the determinate sentencing philosophy, his or her release date is determined by the parole board.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The statement "Aggressive policing increases community perception that police arrest many criminals and therefore most violators get caught" is an example of:
a. the deterrent effect.
b. the proactive effect.
c. the aggressive effect.
d. sheer luck.
Q:
Which of the following is a method of improving patrol?
a. Aggressive patrol
b. Targeting specific crimes
c. Making more arrests
d. All of these
Q:
Determinate sentencing has severely restricted judicial discretion in many jurisdictions.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Kansas City Gun Experiment is an example of:
a. problem-oriented policing.
b. community policing.
c. reactive patrolling.
d. a police crackdown targeting a specific type of crime problem.
Q:
Restorative justice almost always involves property crime, public order crime, and, particularly, offenses committed by juveniles.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Aggressive patrol in New York City during the 1990s has been credited with a reduction in:
a. prostitution
b. violent crime
c. drug dealing
d. property crime
Q:
Based on research like the Kansas City study, what is the prevailing wisdom on preventive patrols?
a. The number of patrol cars on the street and their visibility to citizens has little impact on the crime rate.
b. More patrol cars on the street can deter specific types of crime, such as motor vehicle theft and vandalism.
c. Fewer patrol cars on the street results in higher crime rates.
d. Patrol cars should be assigned to a reactive response mode only.
Q:
Specific deterrence assumes that an individual, after being punished once for a certain act, will be less likely to repeat that act because she or he does not want to be punished again.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The oldest and most common justification for punishing someone is incapacitation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
____ policing is a department policy that emphasizes stopping crimes before they occur rather than reacting to crimes that have already occurred.
a. Community
b. Proactive
c. Deterrent
d. Reactive
Q:
What was the principle finding of the Kansas City study?
a. It is significant what type of patrol model you implement.
b. There is little evidence that police patrol deters crime.
c. Patrol techniques can have a significant impact on citizens' attitudes.
d. Patrol techniques can significantly impact citizens' satisfaction with police.
Q:
Case 9-2
Ted was arrested and charged with the first degree murder of Susan. Ted and Susan were coworkers at a local bar where Ted was the busboy and Susan was a waitress. The prosecutors believed there was convincing evidence that Ted was obsessed with Susan and when she rejected him, he raped and then strangled her. Prosecutors are seeking the death penalty.
At the sentencing phase of Ted's trial, Susan's mother and husband give personal statements about Susan and how
her murder has affected their lives. This statement is known as a(n):
a. aggravating factor statement.
b. restorative justice statement.
c. sentencing guideline statement.
d. victim-impact statement.
Q:
While there are many goals of patrol, most police experts agree that the majority of police patrol efforts are devoted to:
a. fighting crime.
b. maintaining order.
c. responding to emergencies.
d. deterring crime.
Q:
Case 9-2
Ted was arrested and charged with the first degree murder of Susan. Ted and Susan were coworkers at a local bar where Ted was the busboy and Susan was a waitress. The prosecutors believed there was convincing evidence that Ted was obsessed with Susan and when she rejected him, he raped and then strangled her. Prosecutors are seeking the death penalty.
Many supporters of the death penalty believe that Ted needs to be executed for committing such a heinous crime because others will be discouraged from committing a similar crime. This sentencing philosophy is known as:
a. just deserts.
b. general deterrence.
c. incapacitation.
d. specific deterrence.
Q:
Jurisdictions that encourage patrol officers to aggressively arrest and detain suspicious persons experience lower crime rates than other jurisdictions that do not practice _______ policing?
a. reactive
b. neighborhood snitching
c. preventive
d. proactive
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the major purposes of police patrol?
a. Deter crime through police presence
b. Aid individuals who cannot help themselves
c. Facilitate the movement of traffic and people
d. Issue arrest warrants
Q:
Case 9-2
Ted was arrested and charged with the first degree murder of Susan. Ted and Susan were coworkers at a local bar where Ted was the busboy and Susan was a waitress. The prosecutors believed there was convincing evidence that Ted was obsessed with Susan and when she rejected him, he raped and then strangled her. Prosecutors are seeking the death penalty.
Ted's lawyers believe that Ted is mentally handicapped. After testimony from medical experts from both the prosecution and the defense, the jury comes to the conclusion that Ted is in fact mentally handicapped. Which Supreme Court case ruled that the death penalty cannot be given to a mentally handicapped defendant?
a. Atkinsv.Virginia
b. Furmanv.Georgia
c. Greggv.Georgia
d. Weemsv.UnitedStates
Q:
Case 9-2
Ted was arrested and charged with the first degree murder of Susan. Ted and Susan were coworkers at a local bar where Ted was the busboy and Susan was a waitress. The prosecutors believed there was convincing evidence that Ted was obsessed with Susan and when she rejected him, he raped and then strangled her. Prosecutors are seeking the death penalty.
If the jury votes to convict Ted and sentence him to death, which would be the most likely method of execution?
a. electric chair
b. gas chamber
c. hanging
d. lethal injection
Q:
Approximately ____ percent of all sworn officers in the nation's largest police departments are in units that don"t allow them to make arrests (such as communications, administration, etc.). a. 5
b. 15
c. 25
d. 35
Q:
Case 9-2
Ted was arrested and charged with the first degree murder of Susan. Ted and Susan were coworkers at a local bar where Ted was the busboy and Susan was a waitress. The prosecutors believed there was convincing evidence that Ted was obsessed with Susan and when she rejected him, he raped and then strangled her. Prosecutors are seeking the death penalty.
The Supreme Court now requires that all death penalty cases follow certain procedures. One of these requirements is that there is a guilt phase and a sentencing phase of a death penalty trial. This is known as:
a. the bifurcated process.
b. the dual court process.
c. the due process.
d. the equal protection process.
Q:
Case 9-1
Jeremy has just been found guilty by a jury for the crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice. Jeremy has an extensive criminal history. He was previously in prison for burglary and possession of illegal drugs. When he was arrested for these new crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice, he was on probation for stealing a vehicle.
The judge in this case picked the most severe punishment that the law would require because he felt that there were many circumstances surrounding Jeremy's present crime that justify a harsher sentence. These circumstances are referred to as:
a. aggravating circumstances.
b. capital circumstances.
c. mitigating circumstances.
d. truth-in-sentencing circumstances.
Q:
UCR data suggests that the average police officer makes less than one felony arrest every ____ months.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
Q:
Case 9-1
Jeremy has just been found guilty by a jury for the crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice. Jeremy has an extensive criminal history. He was previously in prison for burglary and possession of illegal drugs. When he was arrested for these new crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice, he was on probation for stealing a vehicle.
If the judge sentences Jeremy to a prison sentence of twenty years to life, who will decide at what point Jeremy is released from prison?
a. judge
b. parole board
c. prison administrator
d. probation officer
Q:
More than half of the contact that police officers engage in with civilians is spent?
a. catching criminals.
b. handling traffic related matters.
c. ferreting out drug dealers.
d. investigating crime.
Q:
The time-in-rank system used in police departments often discourages the:
a. recruitment and hiring of college-educated officers.
b. recruitment and hiring of minority officers.
c. transfer of experienced officers to other departments.
d. use of a military-like organizational structure.
Q:
How do most municipal police departments determine promotion eligibility?
a. Intelligence testing
b. College performance
c. Arrest performance
d. Time-in-rank
Q:
Case 9-1
Jeremy has just been found guilty by a jury for the crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice. Jeremy has an extensive criminal history. He was previously in prison for burglary and possession of illegal drugs. When he was arrested for these new crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice, he was on probation for stealing a vehicle.
The state that Jeremy was convicted in allows judges to set a minimum and maximum amount of time that Jeremy will spend in prison. What type of sentencing is this?
a. determinate sentencing
b. indeterminate sentencing
c. mitigating sentencing
d. aggravating sentencing
Q:
Case 9-1
Jeremy has just been found guilty by a jury for the crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice. Jeremy has an extensive criminal history. He was previously in prison for burglary and possession of illegal drugs. When he was arrested for these new crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice, he was on probation for stealing a vehicle.
The judge asks the probation officer in the courtroom for a report that describes Jeremy's crime in detail, the suffering of the victims, Jeremy's prior offenses, and his family background. What is this report called?
a. presentence investigation report
b. presentence guideline report
c. sentencing guideline
d. sentencing report
Q:
Regardless of the size of the policing organization, this person has general administrative control and sets policy for entire department's operating branches.
a. Staff lieutenant
b. Detective lieutenant
c. Chief of police
d. Patrol sergeant
Q:
Case 9-1
Jeremy has just been found guilty by a jury for the crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice. Jeremy has an extensive criminal history. He was previously in prison for burglary and possession of illegal drugs. When he was arrested for these new crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice, he was on probation for stealing a vehicle.
The judge in the case is tired of seeing Jeremy in his courtroom. He is determined to give him the most severe punishment that the law allows. The judge believes that Jeremy must return to prison because he thinks that is the only way that he will no longer be a danger to society again. The judge in this case is most likely following the sentencing philosophy of:
a. retribution.
b. deterrence.
c. incapacitation.
d. rehabilitation.
Q:
Crime scene investigation involves the use of complex instruments and chemical, physical, and microscopic examining techniques.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Among the most publicized community policing concepts is that of intelligence-led policing.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Supreme Court made it very difficult to prove discriminatory intent in capital punishment based on statistics alone in:
a. McCleskeyv.Kemp.
b. Atkinsv.Virginia.
c. Roperv.Simmons.
d. Furmanv.Georgia.
Q:
In , the U.S. Supreme Court did not rule that the death penalty inherently violated the Eighth Amendment's protection against cruel and unusual punishment or the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of due process, only that it did so as practiced by the states.
a. Atkinsv.Virginia
b. Furmanv.Georgia
c. Greggv.Georgia
d. Roperv.Simmons
Q:
One of the goals of fusion centers is to create new exams to screen for qualified police applicants.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which landmark case effectively ended the execution of those who committed capital crimes as juveniles?
a. Atkinsv.Virginia
b. Furmanv.Georgia
c. Greggv.Georgia
d. Roperv.Simmons
Q:
Problem-oriented policing focuses equally on problem solving and reactive crime fighting.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Roper v. Simmons prohibited the death penalty for persons under the age of: a. 15.
b. 16.
c. 17.
d. 18.
Q:
Supervisor attitudes can be one of the challenges of community-oriented policing.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Community-oriented policing involves an increase in foot patrol.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In the past 10 years, the annual number of executions in the United States:
a. has remained stable.
b. has increased dramatically.
c. has decreased.
d. has dropped to almost zero.
Q:
After assuming their duties, new police recruits are automatically placed in the field to practice what they have learned in the academy and no additional training is required at that time.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which amendment guards against "cruel and unusual punishment"?
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
Q:
Most police agencies are administratively conservative due to the time-in-rank system.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the mitigating circumstances that will prevent a defendant found guilty of first degree murder from receiving the death penalty?
a. age
b. insanity
c. mental handicap
d. physical handicap
Q:
In which case was the U.S. Supreme Court concerned with the execution of mentally handicapped criminals?
a. Atkinsv.Virginia
b. Furmanv.Georgia
c. Greggv.Georgia
d. Roperv.Simmons
Q:
According to the "broken windows" concept, police need citizen cooperation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to the bifurcated process in capital cases, the decision to sentence a defendant to death must be made by:
a. the judge.
b. the legislature.
c. the jury.
d. the prosecutor.
Q:
Length of investigation is associated with success of investigation operations.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Evaluations of foot patrol indicate that it lowers crime rates.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In Weemsv.UnitedStates, the Supreme Court ruled that:
a. what is cruel and unusual is defined by the changing norms of society.
b. the death penalty is arbitrary.
c. age is a mitigating circumstance when assigning the death penalty.
d. capital punishment is constitutional.
Q:
Vice squads target violent crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
One reason for investigative ineffectiveness is that there are too many competing interests to solve a case within the police department.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which is the dominant method of execution in the United States today?
a. the gas chamber
b. electrocution in an electric chair
c. hanging
d. lethal injection
Q:
A National Institute of Justice study that examined police response times in four cities revealed that rapid response times had virtually no effect on crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Opponents of victim impact statements argue that they
a. violate the Fifth Amendment rights of offenders.
b. result in reduced sentences for the offender.
c. are prejudicial and inflammatory.
d. constitute double jeopardy.
Q:
African Americans are nearly times more likely to be sentenced to prison than whites for low-level drug crimes.
a. three
b. four
c. five
d. six
Q:
Evidence shows that targeting specific crimes through directed patrol has no influence on crime rates.
a. True
b. False