Q&A Hero

Q: Secret Service is a branch of the Department of ____________________.

Q: In the case of , the Supreme Court made it very difficult to prove discriminatory intent in capital punishment based on statistics alone.

Q: The case of ended the execution of those who committed crimes as juveniles.

Q: The policy of self-help that prevailed in villages demanded that everyone respond if a citizen raised a ___________ to get their aid.

Q: As the eighteenth century began, rising crime rates encouraged a new form of private paid police called ____________________, who were able to profit both legally and criminally from the lack of formal police departments.

Q: Turmoil and crisis were hallmarks of policing during the _____.

Q: The Furman v. Georgia(1972) case resulted in a two-stage, or , procedure for capital cases.

Q: The __________________ Act provides victims the right to be reasonably heard during the sentencing process.

Q: The origin of US police agencies can be traced to early ____________________ society.

Q: Statutes that require lengthy prison sentences for those who have been convicted of multiple felonies are _____________________.

Q: The ____________________ was considered by many to be the most important law enforcement officer in colonial America.

Q: Statutorily determined punishments that must be applied to those who are convicted of specific crimes are ______________________.

Q: The ____________________ was created to help the shire reeve in controlling the county and later took on judicial functions.

Q: ____________________ is credited with the passage of the Metropolitan Police Act that established the first organized police force in London.

Q: A is a stipulation in sentencing guidelines that allows a judge to adjust his or her sentencing decision based on the special circumstances of a particular case.

Q: Since the early 1920s and continuing to present day, strides have been made to keep policing professional and educated, and several efforts have been made to increase the caliber of police officers. The public has always been critical of these changes because they often come as a response to an incident.Dissatisfied with their status in society, which event occurred to heighten interest in police reform?a. Boston Police Strikeb. Rodney King beatingc. Watts Riotd. Bow Street Run

Q: In 1984, Congress passed the , which paved the way for federal sentencing guidelines.

Q: is a situation in which those convicted of similar crimes do not receive similar sentences.

Q: Since the early 1920s and continuing to present day, strides have been made to keep policing professional and educated, and several efforts have been made to increase the caliber of police officers. The public has always been critical of these changes because they often come as a response to an incident.What era was deemed one of reform, where police should be evaluated on their courteousness and helpfulness, not for their crime-fighting abilities?a. 1960sb. 1970sc. 1980sd. 1990s

Q: Since the early 1920s and continuing to present day, strides have been made to keep policing professional and educated, and several efforts have been made to increase the caliber of police officers. The public has always been critical of these changes because they often come as a response to an incident.Sylvester joined the police force right out of high school and has just received his college degree and some advanced training from the police. This will help him do his job better and is thankful to the:a. IACPb. LEAAc. Master of Public Administration (MPA)d. Bachelor of Scientific Research (BSR)

Q: A is the actual offense committed and not the charge that is levied by a prosecutor as the result of a plea bargain.

Q: The municipal police department in a large city in Nebraska is hiring. They want new and fresh recruits that can assist them in technological advances, information sharing, and targeting the war on terror. Bryan has just been recruited.Bryan's role of using technology in policing is somewhat new, but when he looks back at the history of the police, he can see that much of what he does with wiretapping and surveillance was determined by the courts in the _____.a. 1970sb. 1980sc. 1990sd. 2000s

Q: When sentencing by is allowed, the practice is popular with prosecutors because they are more likely than judges to give harsh sentences.

Q: are payable to the government whereas is a direct payment to the victim of a crime.

Q: The municipal police department in a large city in Nebraska is hiring. They want new and fresh recruits that can assist them in technological advances, information sharing, and targeting the war on terror. Bryan has just been recruited.Bryan has been considering a career move to some form of surveillance or policing that focuses on loss instead of crime. Where would Bryan most likely be successful?a. Office of Homeland Securityb. Private policingc. USMSd. FBI

Q: The municipal police department in a large city in Nebraska is hiring. They want new and fresh recruits that can assist them in technological advances, information sharing, and targeting the war on terror. Bryan has just been recruited.Bryan has been asked to brief his superiors on law enforcement and technology. He is likely to discuss what concepts?a. Shire reeve and the LEAAb. IACP and Bobbiesc. Texas Rangers and NYPD SHIELDd. LPR and hot spots

Q: Mark is learning about the history of police. He wants to find out if police were always the way they are now: those who protect the public, serve the community, and attempt to catch criminals. He dives into his history book and finds that the first organized police force was established in 1829.Mark wants to work in the federal law enforcement field, with historical roots in crime fighting. He wants a versatile job. He should seek employment as an:a. FBI agentb. CIA analystc. DHS agentd. USMS agent

Q: combine probation with other dispositions such as electronic monitoring, house arrest, boot camps, and shock incarceration.

Q: is reserved normally for those who commit first degree murder.

Q: Legislative attempts to ensure that convicts will serve approximately the terms to which they are initially sentenced are known as ____________________________________.

Q: Mark is learning about the history of police. He wants to find out if police were always the way they are now: those who protect the public, serve the community, and attempt to catch criminals. He dives into his history book and finds that the first organized police force was established in 1829.Mark is considering a career in law enforcement and would like to stay in his hometown providing basic law enforcement services. But, he is also interested in the court system and public order. What is the best fit for Mark's aspirations?a. State policeb. County policec. Sheriffd. Municipal police

Q: Mark is learning about the history of police. He wants to find out if police were always the way they are now: those who protect the public, serve the community, and attempt to catch criminals. He dives into his history book and finds that the first organized police force was established in 1829.The thirteenth century of policing can be described as an era where police were:a. night watchman, carried out investigations, executed warrants, and secured prisoners.b. everyone, charged with the task of protecting their neighbors and town.c. mostly private-monied police whose use of violence was notorious.d. corrupt and unsuccessful at stopping crime and influenced by the wealthy.

Q: Prison administrators determine , which is a reduction in time served by prisoners based on behaving well and conforming to prison rules.

Q: A prisoner is aware that he or she is eligible for as soon as the minimum time has been served.

Q: An approach to punishment that is designed to repair the harm done to the victim is .

Q: has been seen as the most humane goal of punishment.

Q: ____________________ assumes that an individual, after being punished for a certain act, will be less likely to repeat that act.

Q: Advocates of the death penalty argue that it is a strong general deterrent. a. True b. False

Q: Mark is learning about the history of police. He wants to find out if police were always the way they are now: those who protect the public, serve the community, and attempt to catch criminals. He dives into his history book and finds that the first organized police force was established in 1829.In his studies of policing before 1829, Mark learns about what early practice?a. Just and peaceful patrolb. Public justice and town hangingsc. Tithings and the hue and cryd. Peacekeeping and patrol

Q: The number of offenders being executed by the states is steadily increasing. a. True b. False

Q: A public"private partnership initiative in the New York Police Department (NYPD) called ________ is geared primarily toward equipping the private sector with information and training to effectively defend against terrorism.a. NYPD SHIELDb. NYPD-ONEc. AFISd. COLLABORATE

Q: A DNA match indicates a ________ to 1 chance that the suspect is the offender. a. 1 million b. 5 million c. 1 billion d. 4 billion

Q: Identify and discuss the five steps of the appeals process in the criminal trial procedure.

Q: Computerized mathematical models of a suspect's face constructed from minimal information is referred to as: a. digital diagrams. b. genetic algorithms. c. augmented reality (AR) technology. d. Automated Biometric Identification System (ABIS).

Q: Under what circumstances would a judge sequester a jury?

Q: DNA profiling gained national attention due to the ____ trial. a. Martha Stewart b. O.J. Simpson c. Rodney King d. Scopes Monkey

Q: Explain what the "CSI effect" refers to.

Q: Which of the following is false regarding the use of DNA? a. DNA profiling allows suspects to be identified on the basis of genetic material. b. The United States is the only country with a DNA database. c. The US is the only country with a DNA database. d. DNA fingerprinting is used as evidence in criminal trials in many states.

Q: AFIS is a(n): a. national database of DNA records. b. computerized fingerprint system. c. automated stolen vehicle data base. d. up-to-date fugitive identification system.

Q: Explain the difference between testimony and real evidence, between lay witnesses and expert witnesses, and between direct and circumstantial evidence.

Q: What term is used to describe the use of computer software to identify geographic "hot spots" where a majority of predatory crimes are concentrated? a. Crime mapping b. Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) c. Data mining d. Systems analysis

Q: Explain the Supreme Court ruling of Batson v.Kentucky. How would a defendant prove that the prosecution used a peremptory challenge that was racially motivated?

Q: Discuss the ways that attorneys may challenge persons from serving on the jury.

Q: Police sketch artists and mug books are being replaced with this type of modern technology? a. DNA profiling b. Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) c. Computerized imaging d. Head-up display units

Q: Which of the following is not a factor that distinguishes private policing from public policing? a. Private policing focuses their efforts on public and private property. b. Private police are concerned almost solely with prevention. c. Private policing is concerned more on loss prevention than on crime. d. Private policing often employs private justice.

Q: Discuss requirements to serve on a jury and the process of jury selection in a criminal case.

Q: Why does the Supreme Court require "beyond a reasonable doubt" as the standard of proof in criminal cases, rather than "preponderance of the evidence" as in civil cases?

Q: Roughly how many metropolitan police agencies employ just one sworn officer? a. 10 b. 100 c. 650 d. 8000

Q: Approximately _____ percent of local police departments serve populations of fewer than 10,000 people. a. 25 b. 50 c. 75 d. 90

Q: Why would a witness in a trial be granted immunity?

Q: Explain what "taking the Fifth" really means.

Q: Which state had the earliest example of state police? a. Massachusetts b. Pennsylvania c. Texas d. Arizona

Q: Which of the following is a branch of the DHS? a. Secret Service b. FBI c. USMS d. ATF

Q: Customs and Border Protection is primarily responsible for US borders and points of entry but also encompasses what other area instrumental in that protection? a. Animal and Plant Health Inspection b. Protection of National Leaders when they leave US borders c. Investigating illegal drug use d. Untaxed liquor and cigarettes

Q: Identify and discuss the basic constitutional protections enjoyed by criminal defendants in the United States.

Q: What federal agency is responsible for witness security? a. USMS b. FBI c. DHS d. Secret Service

Q: Why do victims often have mixed feelings about plea bargains?

Q: Which law enforcement agency is responsible for fugitive investigations? a. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) b. FBI c. USMS d. Secret Service

Q: Since September 11, 2001, which agency is considered the main federal investigative agency for terrorism? a. Secret Service b. DEA c. FBI d. USMS

Q: Discuss why prosecutors, defense attorneys, and defendants often agree to plea bargains.

Q: What federal agency is responsible for the transportation of federal prisoners? a. USMS b. FBI c. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) d. Secret Service

Q: Explore the phenomenon of case attrition. Use a description of the criminal justice funnel in your explanation.

Q: Which federal law enforcement agency has unlimited jurisdiction? a. CIA b. DEA c. US Justice Department d. No federal agency has unlimited jurisdiction.

Q: List five screening factors that prosecutors use to determine which cases to pursue.

Q: Which federal agency is responsible for protection of the president? a. Secret Service b. CIA c. USMS d. FBI

Q: Explain what "Release on Recognizance" means and who is likely to qualify.

Q: Outline and provide a short description of each of the six steps leading to a trial.

Q: Which federal agency is the oldest and is responsible for judicial security and witness protection? a. Secret Service b. CIA c. USMS d. FBI

Q: Which federal agency has reformulated its priorities, making protection from terrorism the number one goal? a. Secret Service b. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) c. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) d. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Q: A judicial order that commands a corrections official to bring a prisoner before the court is a writ of ________________.