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Counseling
Q:
The Supreme Court unanimously held that "any person brought to court, who is too poor to hire a lawyer, cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided for him." This case was:
a. Furmanv.Georgia.
b. Gideonv.Wainwright.
c. Stricklandv.Washington.
d. UnitedStatesv.Zolin.
Q:
Which amendment provides for the right to counsel?
a. the Fourth Amendment
b. the Fifth Amendment
c. the Sixth Amendment
d. the Eighth Amendment
Q:
The principle of stare decisis refers to the concept of proportionality or "eye for an eye." a. True
b. False
Q:
Substantive criminal law deals with issues such as the mental and physical elements of a crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The primary responsibility of the is to represent the defendant at various stages of the custodial process, such as arrest, interrogation, lineup, and arraignment.
a. court justice
b. defense attorney
c. judge
d. public prosecutor
Q:
The level of charge to be brought against a suspect is determined by the:
a. judge.
b. jury.
c. arresting officer.
d. prosecutor.
Q:
The element of criminal law most relevant to criminal justice is torts, or the law of personal injuries.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The is the chief law officer of a state and also the chief law officer of the nation.
a. attorney general
b. court justice
c. judge
d. public prosecutor
Q:
The roots of criminal law in the United States can be directly traced to the Bible.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Of the courtroom workgroup, who relies on the police to arrest suspects and gather sufficient evidence?
a. defense attorney
b. judge
c. public defender
d. prosecutor
Q:
Outline the tenets and significance of developmental theory for explaining crime.
Q:
Discuss the Delinquency in a Birth Cohort study and how its findings have shaped justice policy.
Q:
During the pretrial process, the holds a great deal of discretion as to whether an individual who has been arrested by the police will be charged.
a. defense attorney
b. judge
c. public defender
d. public prosecutor
Q:
In the courtroom workgroup, who is responsible for maintaining the large amount of paperwork generated during a trial, including transcripts, photographs, evidence, and any other records?
a. bailiff
b. clerk of court
c. court reporter
d. prosecutor
Q:
Compare and contrast social structure theory and social process theory.
Q:
Explain violent crime using one of the theories elaborated in the text. Discuss why this theoretical explanation is the most useful for understanding violent crime.
Q:
In the courtroom workgroup, who is responsible for recording every word that is said during the course of trial?
a. bailiff
b. clerk of court
c. court reporter
d. prosecutor
Q:
Discuss the intersection of race, class, gender, and crime victimization.
Q:
Summarize the relationship between mental illness and crime.
Q:
In the courtroom workgroup, who is responsible for maintaining security and order in the judge's chambers and in the courtroom?
a. bailiff
b. clerk of court
c. court reporter
d. prosecutor
Q:
An election where a political party, such as the Republicans or Democrats, openly support a candidate for a judgeship is known as a(n):
a. nonpartisan election.
b. open election.
c. partisan election.
d. primary election.
Q:
Describe the social, economic, personal, and demographic factors suggested by experts to account for the recent crime drop in the United States.
Q:
What is the title of the list of cases entered on a court's calendar and thus scheduled to be heard by the court?
a. arraignment
b. court calendar
c. docket
d. writ of certiorari
Q:
Discuss the trends in violent crime in the United States.
Q:
Elaborate the three views on defining crime. Discuss how and why some behaviors become illegal and are considered crimes while others remain noncriminal.
Q:
Explain the three significant methods used to measure the nature and extent of crime. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Q:
During the pretrial, the takes on the role of the referee.
a. defense attorney
b. judge
c. prosecutor
d. public defender
Q:
A culture of poverty is discussed as an element of ___________ theory.
Q:
The lowest tier of the federal court system is the:
a. specialty courts.
b. appellate courts.
c. district courts.
d. Supreme Court.
Q:
A opinion is a separate opinion prepared by judges who support the decision of the majority of the court but who want to express their own particular reasoning.
a. concurring
b. dissenting
c. ducestecum
d. writ of certiorari
Q:
Conduct disorder is discussed as a precursor of long-term chronic offending in ____________ theory.
Q:
The racial threat hypothesis explains that an increase of minorities in the population can correlate to an increase of ___________________.
Q:
The The U.S. Supreme Court will not issue a writ of certiorariunless at least justices approve of it.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 9
Q:
The U.S. Supreme Court orders a lower court to send it the record of a case for review. This is done with a:
a. subpoena.
b. writ of habeascorpus.
c. writ of ducestecum.
d. writ of certiorari.
Q:
According to the _____________________ some people encounter problems during their early development that cause an imbalance in their personality.
Q:
________________theory assumes that people are born good and learn to be bad.
Q:
The U.S. Supreme Court consists of justices.
a. 7
b. 8
c. 9
d. 10
Q:
IIn the federal court system, there are U.S. courts of appeals, also referred to as U.S. circuit courts of appeals.
a. 10
b. 7
c. 16
d. 13
Q:
Lower courts that have jurisdiction over one specific area of criminal activity, such as illegal drugs or domestic violence, are called:
a. problemsolving courts.
b. courts of limited jurisdiction.
c. courts of general jurisdiction.
d. trial courts.
Q:
Conflict criminologists focus their attention on the law violations of the ______________.
Q:
According to ____________________ theory, disruptions in life's major transitions can be destructive and ultimately can promote criminality.
Q:
Modern ____________________ theories of crime believe that elements of the environment interact with biological factors to control and influence behavior.
Q:
Drug courts, juvenile courts, domestic courts, and elder courts are all examples of:
a. municipal courts.
b. probate courts.
c. specialty courts.
d. trial courts of general jurisdiction.
Q:
A public civil officer or official with limited judicial authority within a particular geographic area, such as the authority to issue an arrest warrant, is:
a. a judge.
b. a police officer.
c. a magistrate.
d. a public prosecutor.
Q:
The notion that deteriorating neighborhoods attracts law violators is referred to as the __________ hypothesis.
Q:
The lowest tier of the federal court system is the:
a. county court.
b. U.S. court of appeals.
c. municipal court,.
d. U.S. district court.
Q:
____________ is the view that extreme social and economic differences among people living in the same community exacerbate criminal activity.
Q:
The _____________________ states that as the poverty of minorities in the population increases, so too does the amount of social control that the public directs at those minority group members.
Q:
____________________ question large groups of high school students about their participation in criminal or delinquent acts.
Q:
Statements in which judges express the reasons for the court's decision in a case are:
a. verdicts.
b. opinions.
c. recommendations.
d. oral arguments.
Q:
The ____________________ is one who has serious and persistent brushes with the law and whose behavior may be excessively violent and destructive.
Q:
Appellate courts:
a. hear cases denovo.
b. determine the defendant's guilt or innocence.
c. determine questions of fact.
d. determine questions of law.
Q:
Which of the following courts is primarily a "reviewer" of decisions?
a. appellate courts
b. jurisdictional courts
c. original jurisdiction courts
d. trial courts
Q:
Criticisms of UCR data include ______________ of the victims and law enforcement.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a decision made by appellate court judges?
a. whether there should be a retrial or additional charges
b. whether a lower court decision should be reversed and remanded
c. whether a lower court decision of the case should stand
d. whether a case should be reviewed by the lower court
Q:
Murder, forcible rape, robbery, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson, and ____________________ make up the FBI's Part I crimes.
Q:
The ____________________ view of crime suggests that moral entrepreneurs define crime.
Q:
Courts having original jurisdiction are courts of the first instance, or:
a. appellate courts.
b. jurisdiction courts.
c. state supreme courts.
d. trial courts.
Q:
____________________ is another name associated with the eight index crimes from the UCRs.
Q:
Almost every case begins in a:
a. federal court.
b. county court.
c. trial court.
d. court of special jurisdiction.
Q:
Which courts handle misdemeanors and some civil matters?
a. courts of general jurisdiction
b. courts of limited jurisdiction
c. courts of unlimited jurisdiction
d. felony courts
Q:
________ are people who wage crusades to control criminal law so that it reflects their own personal values.
Q:
________, most simply, is a violation of criminal law.
Q:
The principles of states that crimes, such as genocide, can be prosecuted by any nation having custody of the wrongdoer.
a. general jurisdiction
b. subject-matter jurisdiction
c. extradition
d. universal jurisdiction
Q:
June is 80 years old and is terrified of having her home burglarized or becoming a victim in another way, so she tries not to leave the house. She has never been a victim of crime but is aware that her neighborhood may not be as safe as it used to be. One afternoon when she does decide to leave the house, her home is burglarized and her television is stolen.After the burglary, June is ever more fearful of her neighbors and the crime that goes on in her community. June is not justified in her thoughts because:a.violent victimizations are decreasing.b.youth crime is on the rise.c.crime against the elderly is increasing dramatically.d.home invasions are on the rise.
Q:
The power of the law is known as:
a. adjudication.
b. the judge's prerogative.
c. jurisdiction.
d. the statutes.
Q:
June is 80 years old and is terrified of having her home burglarized or becoming a victim in another way, so she tries not to leave the house. She has never been a victim of crime but is aware that her neighborhood may not be as safe as it used to be. One afternoon when she does decide to leave the house, her home is burglarized and her television is stolen.June decides not to report the burglary to the police because she feels that the break-in was her fault. Which crime measurement tool is most likely to record June's case?a.NIBRSb.Self-report studyc.UCRd.NCVS
Q:
Andrew has decided that he is going to rob a bank to pay off his debts after losing his job. He buys a gun from a kid who lives in an economically depressed section of town but he doesn"t ask where the gun came from. On the day of the robbery, Andrew decides that he will shoot at the ceiling inside the bank to get everyone's attention. But as he shoots, the bullet ricochets and strikes a bank teller. The teller dies instantly and in the process of Andrew's getaway, he drops his gun.Which theoretical explanation most closely fits with Andrew's actions?a.Personality theoryb.Social learning theoryc.Cognitive theoryd.Rational choice theory
Q:
The United States has different judicial systems.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 50
d. 52
Q:
Constitutional guarantees, such as the right to counsel, the right to a jury trial, and protection from self-incrimination, are part of which function?
a. crime control
b. due process
c. bureaucratic
d. public protection
Q:
Andrew has decided that he is going to rob a bank to pay off his debts after losing his job. He buys a gun from a kid who lives in an economically depressed section of town but he doesn"t ask where the gun came from. On the day of the robbery, Andrew decides that he will shoot at the ceiling inside the bank to get everyone's attention. But as he shoots, the bullet ricochets and strikes a bank teller. The teller dies instantly and in the process of Andrew's getaway, he drops his gun.How will the majority of Andrew's crimes be categorized?a.Part Ib.Part IIc.Part IIId.Part IV
Q:
Andrew has decided that he is going to rob a bank to pay off his debts after losing his job. He buys a gun from a kid who lives in an economically depressed section of town but he doesn"t ask where the gun came from. On the day of the robbery, Andrew decides that he will shoot at the ceiling inside the bank to get everyone's attention. But as he shoots, the bullet ricochets and strikes a bank teller. The teller dies instantly and in the process of Andrew's getaway, he drops his gun.Only the most serious of Andrew's crimes has been reported to the public using this reporting mechanism.a.NIBRSb.Self-report surveyc.UCRd.NCVS
Q:
The of the court is based on the medical model.
a. rehabilitative function
b. bureaucratic function
c. due process function
d. treatment function
Q:
The function of the court is concerned with protecting the rights of individual citizens against the power of the state.
a. due process
b. crime control
c. rehabilitation
d. bureaucratic
Q:
John was born into a family that didn"t have very much money, and it seemed that his parents struggled to put and keep food on the table. As he grew up, he found school boring despite being smart, so he dropped out. He was always impulsive and finding a job took too long. John recently found out that he is going to be a father and wants to provide the best opportunity for his child that he can. To support himself and his unborn child, he gets involved in selling pain pills and he is arrested in a sting operation.Most researchers would consider this explanation of John's behavior part of the _____ theory.a.trajectoryb.developmentalc.propensityd.life course
Q:
The function of the court is concerned with speed and efficiency.
a. due process
b. crime control
c. rehabilitation
d. bureaucratic
Q:
John was born into a family that didn"t have very much money, and it seemed that his parents struggled to put and keep food on the table. As he grew up, he found school boring despite being smart, so he dropped out. He was always impulsive and finding a job took too long. John recently found out that he is going to be a father and wants to provide the best opportunity for his child that he can. To support himself and his unborn child, he gets involved in selling pain pills and he is arrested in a sting operation.The judge believes selling drugs is inherently destructive and dangerous and that by punishing John, he will learn to control his actions in the future. The judge's view of the criminal justice system is likely the _____ view.a.crime controlb.due processc.interactionistd.consensus
Q:
John was born into a family that didn"t have very much money, and it seemed that his parents struggled to put and keep food on the table. As he grew up, he found school boring despite being smart, so he dropped out. He was always impulsive and finding a job took too long. John recently found out that he is going to be a father and wants to provide the best opportunity for his child that he can. To support himself and his unborn child, he gets involved in selling pain pills and he is arrested in a sting operation.John's view of the criminal justice system is likely the ___________ view.a.conflictb.consensusc.crime controld.interactionist
Q:
In a study entitled Delinquency in a Birth Cohort, researchers found that chronic offenders:a.are more likely to continue criminality if they are female.b.become adult repeat offendersc.are deterred from further criminality if arrested during youth chronic offending.d.commit the most violent acts of all criminals.
Q:
The court's legitimacy is based on two factors: impartiality and:
a. independence.
b. the judge's prerogative.
c. jurisdiction.
d. the statutes.