Q&A Hero

Q: ____ theory would advocate against the use of the sex offender registry for low-level offenders due to its stigma. a.Social structure b.Social learning c.Social control d.Social reaction

Q: List seven responsibilities of defense attorneys.

Q: ____ theory recognizes that as people mature, the factors that influence their behavior change. a.Social structure b.Developmental c.Psychological d. Social process

Q: What are the responsibilities of the defense attorney?

Q: List the different names given to public prosecutors and indicate the general powers that they have.

Q: ____ theory focuses on the economic and political forces operating in a society and views these forces as the fundamental causes of criminality. a.Conflict b.Social control c.Developmental d.Social structure

Q: ____ theory maintains that everyone has the potential to become criminal. a.Social structure b.Social learning c.Social control d.Social reaction

Q: List and describe the members of the courtroom workgroup.

Q: Which view of crime suggests that individuals are born "good" and become "bad" as they mature? a.Social reaction theory b. Social control theory c.Social structure theory d. Social learning theory

Q: According to ____ theory, indicators of neighborhood disorder are highly predictive of crime rates. a.social structure b.developmental c.social process d.conflict

Q: Identify the reasons for the low minority representation on the bench.

Q: Explain the roles and responsibilities of judges before the trial.

Q: The culture of poverty is part of which theoretical perspective? a.Social structure theory b.Psychological theory c.Social process theory d.Rational choice theory

Q: Weighing consequences and benefits is the foundation of ___________ theory. a.social process b.routine activities c.social structure d.rational choice

Q: Explain how a case is brought before the Supreme Court.

Q: List the three tiers of the federal model.

Q: Which of the following is false regarding the victim"offender relationship? a.There is no racial pattern in single-offender robberies. b.Women are more likely than men to be victimized by an acquaintance. c.Most crimes are committed by a single offender. d.Minorities are the offenders in a majority of single-offender rapes and assaults.

Q: Which of the following characteristics does not increase one's likelihood of victimization? a.Being male b.Being young c.Being married d.Living in a large urban area

Q: Explain the federal court system

Q: Which of the following is false regarding the age"crime relationship? a.Young people are part of a youth culture that favors risk taking and behaviors that may involve law violation. b.Youths have unlimited access to their parent's money. c.Youths are psychological immature. d.Youths are aware of the lack of punitiveness of the juvenile justice system.

Q: List the four tiers of the typical state court system.

Q: When a man is the victim of a violent crime, the perpetrator is usually described as a(n): a.Stranger b.Acquaintance c.Relative d.Wife/girlfriend

Q: Explain the structure of a typical state court system

Q: Explain the dual court system of the United States.

Q: Which of the following groups experience violent crimes at a higher rate than other groups?a.Whitesb.African"Americansc.Asiansd.Latinos

Q: For serious violent crimes, the males account for ___ percent of all arrests.a.20b.40c.60d.80

Q: Explain the difference between trial and appellate courts.

Q: Which regions of the country usually have significantly higher rates of crime? a.The Midwest and New England b.The West and the South c.The Midwest and the South d.New England and the West

Q: Explain what happens with regard to jurisdiction if a person has committed a state and federal crime.

Q: What is jurisdiction? Explain briefly the difference between geographic and subject-matter jurisdiction.

Q: The greater the proportion of ____ in the population, the higher the crime rate and the greater the number of persistent offenders. a.middle-aged women b.young women c.middle-aged men d.young men

Q: According to the Monitoring the Future study, approximately ____ percent of teenagers report hurting someone badly enough that the victim needed medical care?a.1b.5c.15d.25

Q: The Monitoring the Future study found teen alcohol use and cigarette use at their lowest points since ____.a.1975b.1990c.2000d.2010

Q: Explain the different functions of the court.

Q: The modern role of the public defender was established by the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Sixth Amendment in the case of __________________________________.

Q: Since 1993, the rate of violent victimization has declined by about _____ percent. a.20 b.40 c.60 d.80

Q: The is responsible for maintaining security and order in the judge's chambers and the courtroom.

Q: Most reported crimes occur during which season?a. Winterb. Summerc. Springd. Fall

Q: have the power to bring the resources of the state against the individual, and they hold the legal keys to meting out or withholding punishment.

Q: The is the dominant figure in the courtroom and therefore exerts the most influence over the values and norms of the workgroup.

Q: Which of the following statements about the validity of self-report data is false? a.Serious chronic offenders usually cooperate. b.Some surveys contain an overabundance of trivial offenses. c.Institutionalized youth are not generally represented. d.The "known group" can be used to assess validity.

Q: What type of study is the best measure of unreported crimes??a. Victimization surveysb. Prison datac. Self-report studiesd. Official records

Q: In elections a judicial candidate declares allegiance to a political party.

Q: Judges can grant to the attorneys, which is additional time to prepare for the trial.

Q: Which type of data prefers the use of interviews and questionnaires for high-school students?a. Observationalb. Victimizationc. Self-reportd. Official

Q: The NCVS asks participants to report on the frequency and characteristics of all but which one of the following crimes? a.Assault b.Murder c.Rape d.Robbery

Q: Each courtroom has a or calendar of cases.

Q: In the role of , the judge is responsible for seeing that the trial unfolds according to the dictates of the law and that the participants in the trial do not overstep any legal or ethical bounds.

Q: Which of the following is not a problem associated with the NCVS? a.Individuals may misrepresent the time line of events. b.Overreporting because of victim's misrepresentations of events. c.Incomplete acts are lumped together with completed ones. d.Underreporting stemming from the embarrassment of reporting crime.

Q: What data source relies on a multistage sample of housing units to collect information about citizen's encounters with criminals? a.Monitoring the Future Survey b.NCVS c.National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) d.UCRs

Q: ___________ court judgesincluding the justices of the Supreme Courtare appointed by the president of the United States, and are subject to the approval of the Senate.

Q: are separate opinions in which the judges disagree with the conclusion reached by the majority of the court and expand on their own views about the case.

Q: The NCVS is prepared by what agency? a.Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) b.Central Intelligence Agency c.National Institute of Health d.Bureau of Justice Statistics

Q: Which of the following is not one of the three methods used to express crime data in the UCR? a.Number of crimes reported to the police and arrests. b.Data from Monitoring the Future collected every two years. c.Year over year percentage changes in the number of crimes. d.Crime rate per 100,000 people.

Q: Which of the following is a problem associated with the validity of the UCR? a.No federal crimes are reported. b.If an offender commits multiple crimes, only the most serious is recorded. c.Reports are voluntary and vary in accuracy. d.Crime rates per 50,000 people are computed.

Q: The Supreme Court does not normally hear any evidence; instead it bases its decision on the written record of the case and , which are the arguments presented in person rather than on paper.

Q: A rule that the U.S. Supreme Court will not issue a writ of certiorari unless at least four justices approve it is known as the _________________________.

Q: Which of the following is an index crime? a.Kidnapping b. Forgery c.Simple assault d.Motor vehicle theft

Q: is the power of a court to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches and, if necessary, declare those actions unconstitutional.

Q: At the present time, there are judicial districts.

Q: What is considered to be the most widely cited source of criminal statistics? a.UCRs b.NCVS c.National Indicators of Drug Abuse d.Bureau of Justice Statistics

Q: Which of the following crimes is not included on the list of Part I index crimes documented in the UCRs? a.Simple assault b.Arson c.Motor vehicle theft d. Criminal homicide

Q: Written statements by the judges expressing the reasons for the court's decision in a case are commonly known as ____________________.

Q: The federal court system consists of U.S. district courts, U.S. courts of appeals, and

Q: The court of final resort in the United States is the .

Q: A Crime Index is: a.a measure of all crime, including crimes reported and crimes not reported to the police. b.an accurate picture of the number of crimes committed. c.an estimate of crime that is not reported to the police. d.an estimate of crimes committed.

Q: Moral entrepreneurs, people who wage moral crusades to control criminal law, are a part of which view of crime? a.Interactionist b.Conflict c.Consensus d.All of the above

Q: Which view of crime suggests that criminal law is structured to reflect the preferences and opinions of people who hold social power in a particular legal jurisdiction? a.Moral entrepreneur b.Conflict c.Consensus d.Interactionist

Q: ________ courts deal only with illegal substance crimes.

Q: Many states have created , which retain jurisdiction over very narrowly defined areas of criminal justice.

Q: The law is the instrument that enables the wealthy to maintain the position of power and to control the behavior of those who oppose their ideas according to which view of crime? a.Conflict b. Interactionist c.Moral entrepreneur d. Consensus

Q: are public civil officers or officials with limited judicial authority within a particular geographic area.

Q: According to this view, criminal law is a set of rules, codified by state authorities, which express norms, goals, and values of the vast majority of society. a.Conflict b. Consensus c.Interactionist d. Moral entrepreneur

Q: The is the separate but interrelated court system of the United States, made up of the courts at the national level and the courts at the state level.

Q: is the process by which one jurisdiction surrenders a person accused or convicted of violating another jurisdiction's criminal law to the second jurisdiction.

Q: The situation that occurs when two or more courts have the authority to preside over the same criminal case is called jurisdiction.

Q: The power to "speak the law" refers to ___________________________.

Q: The function of the courts emphasizes punishment and retribution.

Q: Consideration of bipolar disorder and its role in criminal behavior would fall under biosocial theory. a.True b.False

Q: According to biosocial theory, elements of the environment interact with biological factors to influence behavior. a.True b.False