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Q:
are situations that require extralegal or exceptional actions by the police.
Q:
The goal of the ____________________ perspective is to enable the offender to appreciate the damage caused, to make amends, and to be reintegrated back into society.
Q:
The scope of the search for an arrest is the area within the suspect's .
Q:
Decriminalization, deinstitutionalization, and pretrial diversion are favored by those adhering to the ____________________ perspective.
Q:
A(n) occurs when police take into custody a person suspected of criminal activity.
Q:
A sex offense by a repeat offender would be considered a crime at which level of the criminal justice "wedding cake."
Q:
Millions of misdemeanors, such as disorderly conduct, shoplifting, public drunkenness, and minor assault, comprise ____________________ of the criminal justice "wedding cake." Lower courts handle these cases in an assembly-line fashion.
Q:
The constitutional rights of accused persons taken into custody by law enforcement officials, such as the right to remain silent and the right to counsel, are the .
Q:
A is a brief detention of a person by law enforcement agents for questioning.
Q:
The ____________________ is comprised of the prosecutor, defense attorney, judge, and other court personnel who function to streamline the process of justice.
Q:
____________________ is the term used to describe the process through which large numbers of cases are systematically filtered out of the formal criminal justice process.
Q:
The term used in some jurisdictions for a preliminary hearing to show cause to bring a case to trial: ___ hearing.
Q:
The practice of targeting people for police stops based solely on their race, ethnicity, or national origin is
___________________.
Q:
Officers are in when they are chasing a person they have probable cause to believe committed a crime, and that person enters a building.
Q:
established that recorded conversations are inadmissible as evidence unless certain procedures are followed.
Q:
The charging document filed by the prosecution that forms the basis of the preliminary hearing is referred to as a(n) ____________________.
Q:
When prosecutors decide to take no further action after conducting a preliminary investigation of the legal matters of a case, it is referred to as a(n) ____________________.
Q:
The ____________________ is composed of law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional system.
Q:
The standard for consent searches was set in the case of _____________________________.
Q:
The most frequent exception to the warrant requirement involves searches .
Q:
An ___________________ is the condition that in order to make an arrest in a misdemeanor, the arresting officer must have personally witnessed the crime being committed.
Q:
A(n) is the forcible taking of a person or property in response to a violation of the law.
Q:
Gathering of evidence occurs in this stage, which follows initial contact, __________.
Q:
A ___ __ __ is designed to restrict the maximum time after an event that legal proceedings may be initiated.
Q:
Before going to a judge to ask for a search warrant, officers must prepare a(n) in which they provide specific, written information on the property that they wish to search and seize.
Q:
_________ ______ is management of an individual's behavior by social and institutional forces in society.
Q:
The process by which police examine a person or property to find evidence of a crime is a .
Q:
The first police agency was developed in 1829 in ____________________.
Q:
Henry Huggins is a state's attorney who wants to be mayor of Baltimore. He knows that mayors before him have run and won on the "tough on crime" platform. Henry also believes in being tough but fair and knows that he has the winning record both in the courtroom and in politics. He feels that every person deserves a full array of constitutional rights and preserving democratic ideals is paramount over the need to punish the guilty.What is the concept called that describes Henry's involvement with the defense attorney, judge, and other courtroom personnel that helps to streamline the process of justice through extensive use of deal making and plea bargaining?a. Safe streets control groupb. Courtroom work groupc. The center work groupd. Cooperative work group
Q:
Imagine the police seized evidence on authority of a search warrant that had been improperly issued by a judge. Under which exception of the exclusionary rule would the prosecutor be able to use that evidence?
Q:
Suppose that a gunused by a defendant to murder a victimwas found as the result of an improper police search. If you were a defense attorney you could challenge the evidence based on the .
Q:
If police officers use a search warrant that they know is technically incorrect, the
___________________________ exception does not apply.
Q:
Henry Huggins is a state's attorney who wants to be mayor of Baltimore. He knows that mayors before him have run and won on the "tough on crime" platform. Henry also believes in being tough but fair and knows that he has the winning record both in the courtroom and in politics. He feels that every person deserves a full array of constitutional rights and preserving democratic ideals is paramount over the need to punish the guilty.If Henry believes in democratic ideals and careful scrutiny of decisions made in the justice system,what perspective on justice does Henry take?a. Noninterventionistb. Crime controlc. Due processd. Equal justice
Q:
Patricia, a famous child actor, has been arrested yet again. She has had many brushes with the law but has yet to be sentenced to prison .This time, the arrest was for was stealing but in the end, the charges are reduced after the star agrees to return the stolen goods. She has a team of attorneys on retainer and is always in the spotlight.When Patricia had her charges reduced in exchange for the return of stolen goods, what agency of crime control did she most likely deal with?a. Policeb. Prosecution and defensec. Courtsd. Corrections
Q:
The _____________________ exception was created in the case Nixv. Williams (1984).
Q:
is evidence that is acquired through the use of illegally obtained evidence and is therefore inadmissible in court.
Q:
Patricia, a famous child actor, has been arrested yet again. She has had many brushes with the law but has yet to be sentenced to prison .This time, the arrest was for was stealing but in the end, the charges are reduced after the star agrees to return the stolen goods. She has a team of attorneys on retainer and is always in the spotlight.With Patricia's retained counsel, the judge was convinced that she had learned her lesson and the challenge of the spotlight led her to her most current crime. This type of scenario is most likely to happen in what level of the criminal justice "wedding cake"?a. Level 1b. Level 2c. Level 3d. Level 4
Q:
Jackson has been arrested for possession of drugs. When he was taken into custody, the officer had just witnessed Jackson taking money from someone and handing them a small bag that looked as if it were drugs. After obtaining that probable cause, the officer searched Jackson's backpack where he found approximately 4 ounces of marijuana packaged in smaller bags for resale.At arraignment, Jackson accepts a plea deal that will shorten his sentence in return for naming one of his marijuana dealer. About what percentage of cases every year end in plea bargains instead of a criminal trial?a. 60 percentb. 70 percentc. 80 percentd. 90 percent
Q:
Jackson has been arrested for possession of drugs. When he was taken into custody, the officer had just witnessed Jackson taking money from someone and handing them a small bag that looked as if it were drugs. After obtaining that probable cause, the officer searched Jackson's backpack where he found approximately 4 ounces of marijuana packaged in smaller bags for resale.Upon searching Jackson's home, the officer found an additional 3 ounces of marijuana packaged for resale. The prosecutor has decided to charge Jackson with possession with intent to distribute. What is the next stage of the criminal justice process after charging?a. Custodyb. Preliminary hearingc. Arraignmentd. Plea bargaining
Q:
Of the four major sources of probable cause, is not adequate to establish probable cause.
Q:
is reasonable grounds to believe the existence of facts warranting certain actions, such as the search or arrest of a person.
Q:
Jackson has been arrested for possession of drugs. When he was taken into custody, the officer had just witnessed Jackson taking money from someone and handing them a small bag that looked as if it were drugs. After obtaining that probable cause, the officer searched Jackson's backpack where he found approximately 4 ounces of marijuana packaged in smaller bags for resale.After arrest, Jackson will be in what stage of the criminal justice process while the officer searches his home for more evidence?a. Initial contactb. Bookingc. Custodyd. Holding
Q:
The Fourth Amendment contains a prohibition against searches and seizures.
Q:
Jessica has been in trouble with the law for as long as she can remember. Her first crime was shoplifting a candy bar from the drugstore. Since then she has moved on to more substantial shoplifting and stealing. She is currently on probation and is paying restitution to a victim for a previous theft. Now Jessica has been arrested for home invasion and robbery.Jessica was asked to participate in a rehabilitation program that is designed to provide a more successful readjustment to society without theft and robbery. Her participation in this program will occur during what stage of the criminal justice process?a. Sentencing/dispositionb. Prereleasec. Correctional treatmentd. Post release
Q:
A Miranda warning is not needed when police are asking "routine" questions such as name and address.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Jessica has been in trouble with the law for as long as she can remember. Her first crime was shoplifting a candy bar from the drugstore. Since then she has moved on to more substantial shoplifting and stealing. She is currently on probation and is paying restitution to a victim for a previous theft. Now Jessica has been arrested for home invasion and robbery.With Jessica's new charge of home invasion and robbery, she will likely be sentenced to prison time. What component of the system will she serve her sentence in?a. Correctionsb. Institutional supervisionc. Courtsd. Police
Q:
Police officers are not required to tell suspects undergoing custodial interrogation that their attorney is trying to
reach them.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Jessica has been in trouble with the law for as long as she can remember. Her first crime was shoplifting a candy bar from the drugstore. Since then she has moved on to more substantial shoplifting and stealing. She is currently on probation and is paying restitution to a victim for a previous theft. Now Jessica has been arrested for home invasion and robbery.As Jessica recalls her past history of stealing and theft, she realizes that her parents weren"t around very much and she doesn"t remember regularly attending school. Parents and school represent what aspect when discussing criminal behavior?a. Formal social controlb. Informal social controlc. Legal and immoral controld. Illegal and moral control
Q:
Suspects may be questioned without having a lawyer present if the interrogation does not focus on the crime for which he or she was arrested, even though it does touch another closely related crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is false?
a. Ethical issues transcend all elements of the criminal justice system.
b. It is often difficult to determine what is fair and just and balance; this concerns with the needs of the public.
c. Ethical issues end with the arrest of a suspect.
d. Ethical behavior is important in law enforcement because officers have the authority to deprive individuals of their liberty.
Q:
A police officer must issue a Miranda warning to the suspect when he or she intends to conduct a stop and frisk.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Ethical issues transcend all elements of the justice system. Why are ethical standards so important in criminal justice?
a. Without ethical decision making, it is possible that individual civil rights and liberties will suffer.
b. Agents of the criminal justice system have access to citizens' most personal information, raising concerns of privacy and confidentiality.
c. Justice system personnel may work in an environment where moral ambiguity is widespread.
d. Ethical standards are important in the justice system for all these reasons.
Q:
Advocates of this justice perspective argue that the justice system remains an adversarial process that pits the forces of the state against those of a solitary individual accused of a crime.
a. Crime control
b.Due process
c. Nonintervention
d.Rehabilitation
Q:
The Miranda warning is designed to ensure a suspect's Fifth Amendment protection against selfincrimination.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When conducting a search incidental to arrest, officers may only search the suspect's body and clothing for
evidence or weapons.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to noninterventionists, the efforts to treat offenders may lead to further stigma beyond the scope of the original offense. This is referred to as:
a. deinstitutionalization
b. nolle prosequi
c. victimless crime
d. widening the net of justice
Q:
Police officers can never arrest someone without an arrest warrant.
a. True
b. False
Q:
This justice perspective advocates standardization of rules and regulations within the criminal justice system.
a. Nonintervention
b. Due process
c. Equal justice
d. Rehabilitation
Q:
"Widening the net of justice" is of concern to you if you favor which justice perspective?
a. Nonintervention
b. Due process
c. Equal justice
d. Rehabilitation
Q:
Under exigent circumstances law enforcement officers need not announce their presence during the execution of an arrest warrant.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A concern with constitutional rights and privileges is a main focus of which justice perspective?
a. Crime control
b. Due process
c. Equal justice
d. Rehabilitation
Q:
A police chief can issue an arrest warrant.
a. True
b. False
Q:
An arrest is the taking into custody of a citizen for the purpose of detaining him or her on a criminal charge.
a. True
b. False
Q:
If you believe that procedural fairness, civil rights, and the rule of law are inviolate principles, which justice perspective do you favor?
a. Crime control
b. Due process
c. Equal justice
d. Rehabilitation
Q:
A frisk can only be conducted to discover weapons.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which justice perspective advocates mediation rather than coercive punishment?
a. Rehabilitation
b.Nonintervention
c. Equal justice
d.Restorative justice
Q:
Proponents of this justice perspective are concerned about the effect of the stigma that criminal suspects bear when they are given negative labels such as "rapist" or "child molester."
a. Rehabilitation
b.Nonintervention
c. Equal justice
d. Restorative justice
Q:
Proponents of this justice perspective believe that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of committing a crime.
a. Crime control
b.Rehabilitation
c. Due process
d.Equal justice
Q:
For the most part the judicial system has refrained from placing restrictions on a police officer's ability to make
stops.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to this justice perspective, the justice system serves as a mechanism of caring for and treating people who cannot manage themselves. It assumes people are at the mercy of social, economic, and interpersonal conditions.
a. Crime control
b.Rehabilitation
c. Due process
d.Equal justice
Q:
Police officers are allowed to use a frisk as a "fishing expedition" to find items besides weapons.
a. True
b. False
Q:
During a frisk, officers may search the area within the immediate control of the suspect.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is false?
a. Crime control advocates call for harsh punishment as a deterrent to crime.
b. Crime control advocates do not want legal technicalities to help the guilty go free and tie the hands of justice.
c. Crime control advocates argue the more efficient the system, the greater its effectiveness.
d. Crime control advocates do not question the criminal justice system's ability to rehabilitate offenders.
Q:
A person's race or ethnicity alone cannot provide reasonable suspicion for stops and frisks.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to this justice perspective, the proper role of the justice system is to prevent crime through the judicious use of criminal sanctions. It demands an efficient system that hands out tough sanctions to those who violate the law.
a. Crime control
b. Rehabilitation
c. Due process
d. Equal justice
Q:
Shoplifting and public drunkenness would be considered _____ of the criminal justice "wedding cake"?
a. Level I
b. Level II
c. Level III
d. Level IV
Q:
Probable cause is required for a police officer to conduct a stop and frisk.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Patriot Act has made it easier to obtain search warrants.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A case of domestic violence would be considered _____ of the criminal justice "wedding cake"?
a. Level I
b. Level II
c. Level III
d. Level IV
Q:
Which of the following crimes would be placed in Level II of the criminal justice "wedding cake"?
a. A noted celebrity is arrested for shooting her bodyguard.
b. A violent act committed by a stranger who uses a weapon.
c. An individual is arrested for public drunkenness.
d. A first-time offender assaults a friend.