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Q:
Case 1-3Chief Thomas is proud that the crime rates in his city have declined over the past year. Violent, property, and juvenile crimes have decreased. The community feels safer and the city commission wants to authorize more money to go into the crime-fighting measures of the police department.While most crime rates have declined, Chief Thomas notices that the arrest rates for illegal drug possession and use have increased. He especially notices an increase in the use of illegal psychoactive drugs. He wants to create some type of information pamphlet on illegal psychoactive drugs to distribute to schools and community centers. Which of the following would not be discussed in this pamphlet on illegal psychoactive drugs?a. alcoholb. cocainec. heroind. marijuana
Q:
Case 1-3Chief Thomas is proud that the crime rates in his city have declined over the past year. Violent, property, and juvenile crimes have decreased. The community feels safer and the city commission wants to authorize more money to go into the crime-fighting measures of the police department.Chief Thomas wants to use the extra funding to increase the use of biometrics in his police department. Which ofthe following would Chief Thomas not consider biometrics?a. fingerprintsb. hand geometryc. facial featuresd. bloodalcohol level
Q:
Case 1-3Chief Thomas is proud that the crime rates in his city have declined over the past year. Violent, property, and juvenile crimes have decreased. The community feels safer and the city commission wants to authorize more money to go into the crime-fighting measures of the police department.Chief Thomas believes the reduced crime rates are because the department is utilizing a more rigorousenforcement of minor offenses such as drunkenness and public disorder. What is this practice known as?a. proactive policingb. hotspot policingc. biometricsd. homeland security
Q:
Case 1-2Beth was arrested by the San Francisco Police Department for the crime of burglary. San Francisco is in the state of California. She is charged with a violation of state law. In the state of California, burglary is a felony.In which step of the criminal justice system would Beth have her criminal trial?a. entryb. pretrial servicesc. adjudicationd. sanctions
Q:
Case 1-2Beth was arrested by the San Francisco Police Department for the crime of burglary. San Francisco is in the state of California. She is charged with a violation of state law. In the state of California, burglary is a felony.Which would NOT be a sentence handed down by the judge in Beth's case if she were found guilty of theoffense?a. probationb. prisonc. paroled. a workrelease center
Q:
Case 1-2Beth was arrested by the San Francisco Police Department for the crime of burglary. San Francisco is in the state of California. She is charged with a violation of state law. In the state of California, burglary is a felony.Who would not be part of the criminal court work group that has the responsibility of determining the innocence orguilt of Beth?a. the probation officerb. the judgec. the prosecutord. the defense attorney
Q:
Case 1-2Beth was arrested by the San Francisco Police Department for the crime of burglary. San Francisco is in the state of California. She is charged with a violation of state law. In the state of California, burglary is a felony.If the prosecutors decide to file formal charges against Beth, which court will Beth appear in?a. the federal district court located in the state of Arizona where Beth residesb. the federal district court located in the area of California where Beth is alleged to have committed the crimec. the state court of Arizona because that is where Beth residesd. the state court of California because that is where Beth is alleged to have committed the crime
Q:
Case 1-1John had a family member who was killed in the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers. He really wants to be involved in combating terrorism in the United States. He one day wants to work in law enforcement. He contacts a local police department's recruiting office to learn about job opportunities and speaks with Officer Jones.Officer Jones explains to John what the crime of terrorism is. Which of the following is true concerning terrorism?a. Terrorism is a set on interacting parts that, when functioning properly, achieve a desired result.b. Terrorism always consists of a group of people, usually three or more.c. Terrorism is the use or threat of violence to achieve political objectives.d. The need to respond to terrorist threat led politicians to create the Department of Justice.
Q:
Case 1-1John had a family member who was killed in the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers. He really wants to be involved in combating terrorism in the United States. He one day wants to work in law enforcement. He contacts a local police department's recruiting office to learn about job opportunities and speaks with Officer Jones.Officer Jones explains to John that local police departments are responsible for the "nuts and bolts" of law enforcement work and are probably not the agencies to conduct full investigations on terrorists. Which would most likely not fall under the responsibilities of a local police department?a. investigating crimesb. deterring crimes through patrol activitiesc. participating in trial proceedingsd. educating the public on fire protection
Q:
Case 1-1John had a family member who was killed in the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers. He really wants to be involved in combating terrorism in the United States. He one day wants to work in law enforcement. He contacts a local police department's recruiting office to learn about job opportunities and speaks with Officer Jones.Where will John most likely find a position that is most active in fighting terrorism?a. Department of Homeland Securityb. Florida Highway Patrolc. Federal Bureau of Investigationd. King County Sheriff's Office
Q:
In the , victims' rights advocates began addressing what they perceived to be an imbalance in favor of criminal defendants in the criminal justice system.a. 1950s b. 1960s c. 1970s d. 1980s
Q:
The , passed six weeks after the 9/11 attacks, strengthened the ability of federal law enforcement to investigate and incarcerate suspects.
a. Patriot Act
b. Homeland Security Act
c. Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act
d. Counterterrorism Act
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a provision of the Patriot Act?
a. an expansion of the definition of what it means to "engage in terrorist activity" to include providing "material support" through such activities as fundraising or operating Web sites for suspected terrorist organizations
b. greater protection of people's first and fourth Amendment rights
c. greater leeway for law enforcement agents to track Internet use, access private financial records, and wiretap those suspected of terrorist activities
d. a reduction in the amount of evidence that law enforcement agents need to gather before taking a terrorist suspect into custody
Q:
This model emphasizes the right of society to be protected from crime and violent criminals.a. crime control modelb. due process modelc. consensus modeld. conflict model
Q:
This model emphasizes that the individual is to be protected from the power of the government.a. crime control modelb. due process modelc. consensus modeld. conflict model
Q:
About of all American households possess at least one gun. a. 75%b. 50%c. 30%d. 10%
Q:
Which of the following is not an illegal psychoactive drug?a. marijuanab. alcoholc. heroind. cocaine
Q:
Which of the following will likely decrease the ability of police to combat gangs, guns, and illegal drugs?
a. budget crisis
b. discretion
c. citizen oversight
d. expansion of constitutional rights of suspects
Q:
For the due process model, which of the following would be the preferred method of punishment for nonviolent offenders?
a. a few years in prison with the possibility of early release and parole
b. a few years in prison without the possibility of early release
c. a few months in jail
d. probation with a rehabilitation program
Q:
Which of the following methods would NOT be appropriate according to the due process model?
a. Assure the safety of the public through long prison sentences for nonviolent offenders.
b. Assure the constitutional rights of those accused of crimes.
c. Whenever possible, allow nonviolent offenders to serve their sentences in the community rather than behind bars.
d. Protect the civil rights of all inmates, and focus on rehabilitation.
Q:
Which of the following methods would NOT be appropriate according to the crime control model?
a. Allow the police to "do their jobs" by limiting the amount of judicial oversight of law enforcement tactics.
b. Limit the number of rights and protections enjoyed by defendants in court.
c. Assure that all defendants receive adequate counsel and are protected from prosecutorial pressure.
d. Incarcerate criminals for lengthy time by imposing harsh sentences, including the death penalty.
Q:
Which statement below is incorrect?
a. Ethics in criminal justice are closely related to the concept of justice.
b. Critical thinking is needed for an ethical response.
c. Intuition is enough for law enforcement to act.
d. Discretion in criminal justice can present a potential for abuse.
Q:
What are the moral principles that govern a person's perception of right and wrong?a. discretionb. ethicsc. justiced. laws
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a decision that is in the discretion of correctional officials?
a. assign convicts appropriate housing in prison or jail
b. impose sentences
c. punish prisoners who misbehave
d. reward prisoners who behave well
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a discretionary decision of police?
a. enforce laws
b. investigate specific crimes
c. search people or buildings
d. answer a 911 call
Q:
Which of the following is a discretionary decision made by prosecutors?
a. the decision to release an inmate on parole
b. the decision to issue an arrest warrant
c. the decision to convict a defendant
d. the decision to reduce charges
Q:
What is the ability to make operational decisions based on personal judgment instead of formal rules?a. discretionb. ethicsc. justiced. morals
Q:
Collectively, the discretionary decisions made by criminal justice professionals are said to produce a(n):a. due process model.b. crime control model.c. formal criminal justice process.d. informal criminal justice process.
Q:
The informal criminal justice process relies on the use of to alleviate pressures from lack of funding to investigate every crime and increasing caseloads.a. discretionb. equal treatmentc. policy-guided decision makingd. statute-defined decision making
Q:
During which step in the criminal justice process would the offender plead guilty to a criminal charge?a. entry into the systemb. prosecution and pretrial servicesc. adjudicationd. sentencing and sanctions
Q:
Which of the following can occur in the prosecution and pretrial services step of the criminal justice process?a. arrestb. grand juryc. criminal triald. sentencing
Q:
Which of the following does not occur during the adjudication phase of the criminal justice process?a. arrestb. arraignmentc. criminal triald. verdict
Q:
Herbert Packer likened the idealized criminal justice system to a(n):a. sports team.b. assembly line.c. tangled bureaucracy.d. obstacle course.
Q:
Discretion is defined as the ability to make operational decisions based on:
a. the law.
b. personal judgment.
c. trust.
d. rational thinking.
Q:
The ability to choose between and among alternative courses of action is known as:a. choice.b. control.c. discretion.d. power.
Q:
Which of the following is not an example of a community-based sentence?a. minimum security prisonsb. residential centersc. halfway housesd. work-release centers
Q:
Community supervision that occurs after release from prison is called:a. management time.b. parole.c. probation.d. supervision period.
Q:
Counties and municipalities control , while are the domain of federal and state governments.a. police; correctionsb. jails; prisonsc. police; courtsd. probation; prisons
Q:
house those convicted of more serious crimes with longer sentences.a. Jailsb. Parole agenciesc. Prisonsd. Probation offices
Q:
Those convicted of minor crimes with relatively short sentences, as well as those awaiting trial or transfer, are held in:a. jails.b. parole agencies.c. prisons.d. probation offices.
Q:
The most common correctional treatment, which allows the offender to return to the community and remain under the supervision of the agent of the court, is:a. house arrest.b. intensive supervised probation.c. parole.d. probation.
Q:
Once the court system convicts and sentences an offender, she or he is delegated to the system.a. correctionsb. managementc. supervisiond. treatment
Q:
A dual court system means that there are:a. local and state courts.b. trial and appellate courts.c. federal and state courts.d. misdemeanor and felony courts.
Q:
The United States has a court system.a. dualb. primaryc. singled. tertiary
Q:
Which agency operates throughout the United States?a. DEAb. FBIc. ATFd. all of the these
Q:
investigate most crimes and attempt to deter crime through patrol activities.a. Local policeb. Highway patrol officersc. State police agenciesd. Federal agencies
Q:
Wildlife wardens, alcohol and beverage control agents, and fire marshals are examples of law enforcement officers at the level.a. municipalb. countyc. stated. federal
Q:
Which officers often police a state's natural resources and often oversee its firearm laws?a. fish, game, and watercraft officersb. department of state securityc. highway patrold. sheriffs
Q:
What level of law enforcement divides duties between counties and municipalities?a. federalb. localc. nationald. state
Q:
Police powers allow states to enact laws necessary to protect the of their citizens.a. healthb. moralsc. safetyd. all of these
Q:
Which of the following is not considered an express power?
a. the power to coin money
b. police powers
c. the power to raise an army
d. the power to regulate interstate commerce
Q:
Federalism refers to:
a. a system of government dominated by an all-powerful federal government.
b. a system of checks and balances within the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.
c. a system of government in which states are independent and self-governing.
d. a sharing of government powers by federal and state authorities.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the components in the integrated definition of crime?
a. punishable under criminal law, as determined by the majority of a society or, in some cases, a powerful minority
b. considered an offense against society as a whole and prosecuted by public officials, not by victims and their relatives or friends
c. punishable by statutorily determined sanctions that bring about the loss of personal freedom or life
d. considered an offense against an individual, but prosecuted by the state who is paid by the victim
Q:
The consensus model is a criminal justice model in which:
a. the content of criminal law is determined by the groups that hold economic, political, and social power in a community.
b. a majority of citizens in society agree on what activities should be outlawed and punished as crimes.
c. specific social groups determine which deviant behaviors are to be defined as criminal.
d. the primary focus of law is to protect the individual from the power of government.
Q:
An act that violates criminal law and is punishable by criminal sanctions is:a. a crime.b. a felony.c. a tort.d. deviant.
Q:
Which of the following is true regarding deviance?
a. Deviance is an objective concept that all members of society agree upon.
b. Deviance is another term used to describe all criminal activity.
c. Deviance is behavior that is considered to go against the norms established by society.
d. Deviance is always considered criminal in nature.
Q:
The are an underground criminal societies based in Hong Kong who control secret markets and bus routes and are often involved in money laundering and drug trafficking.
Q:
The next war may be in ______.
Q:
_____use electronic communications to send unsolicited messages in bulk
Q:
______are similar to viruses but use computer networks or the Internet to self-replicate and send themselves to other users, generally via e-mail, without the aid of the operator.
Q:
In a _____scheme, erroneous and deceptive information is posted online to get unsuspecting investors interested in a stock while those spreading the information sell previously purchased stock at an inflated price.
Q:
Allowing other Internet users to download music and other copyrighted material without paying the artists and record producers their rightful royalties is called ______.
Q:
Some cyber criminals are motivated less by profit and more by the urge to commit_______ , or technological destruction.
Q:
The most effective legislative measure in combating organized crime is the 1970______ .
Q:
Efforts to combat transnational organized crime are typically in the hands of____ agencies.
Q:
_____organized crime is a form of organized crime operating across national borders.
Q:
Explain why cyber terrorists use cyberspace and discuss for what purposes.
Q:
Discuss efforts to control cybercrime.
Q:
Trace the evolution of organized crime.
Q:
Describe the major criminal activities of transnationalorganizedcrime.
Q:
Organized crime has evolved since the "traditional days" of the Mafia. Discuss how and why organized crime has changed. What does contemporary organized crime "look like?"
Q:
Identify and describe the various forms of cyber vandalism.
Q:
Discuss how identity theft occurs and the mechanisms used to steal one's identity.
Q:
Using examples of both types of cyber crimes, discuss and compare the motivations of criminals engaged in acts of cyber theft and cyber vandalism.
Q:
Describe the process of Internet-based copyright infringement.
Q:
Why is cyber crime a compelling challenge to criminologists and law enforcement entities?
Q:
Chen activities would be considered transnational becausea. his criminal activities crossed multiple state boundaries b. he is of Chinese originc. he flew to the United Statesd. the anti-aircraft missiles were made in China
Q:
Chen would not likely be considered a terrorist becausea. his motivation was profitb. he never intended to use the anti-aircraft missiles c. he didn't hate the United Statesd. he was likely working on behalf of the Chinese government
Q:
Chen was the first person convicted under the nation's first antiterrorism statute because of which reason?
a. The attempted importation of missile systems designed to destroy aircraft
b. Distributing methamphetamine
c. Trafficking counterfeit cigarettes
d. Chen is a Chinese national
Q:
Given the description in the preface, Yi Qing Chen as likely a member of which organized crime unit?
a. Red Wa
b. Yakuza
c. Armenian Power
d. Sureos