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Q:
Discuss the differences between business frauds, swindles, and exploitation.
Q:
Describe what a Ponzi scheme is and the significance of Bernie Madoff.
Q:
What is the difference between deterrence and compliance when controlling green and white-collar crimes?
Q:
What is the difference between rational-choice greed and rational choice need?
Q:
What is green-collar crime and identify and discuss several of its forms.
Q:
Discuss the factors that differentiate petit or petty larceny from grand larceny.
Q:
Theft of personal property has been known throughout recorded history. Discuss the rich history of theft offenses.
Q:
Which of the three causal theories of white-collar crime best explains the sub-prime mortgage scandal and why?
Q:
Discuss and provide examples of employee fraud, management fraud, and client fraud.
Q:
Identify and discuss the three major areas of enterprise crime.
Q:
What type of larceny would be involved with this type of crime?a. grand larceny b. petit larceny c. client larcenyd. federal larceny
Q:
The theory which would best explain the criminal actions of Timeshare Mega Media would be a. rational choice: greedb. rational choice: need c. cultural viewd. self-control view
Q:
The criminal actions of Timeshare Mega Media would be considered white-crime if a. the company actually existed as a legitimate businessb. the company had executive board members running it c. the company had not fired the criminal employeesd. the company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Q:
According to the textbook, the crime discussed in the preface would be a a. blue-collar crimeb. white-collar crimec. crime against humanity d. green-crime
Q:
In 2012, employees of Timeshare Mega Media were charged in a massive telemarketing scheme to defraud timeshare owners who were trying to sell their properties. Mega Media sales people contacted owners who because of the economic downturn were desperate to sell their units. Victims were pressured into a quick decision by sales reps who falsely claimed that there was a buyer waiting in the wings, either on the other line or in the office. Owners were then required to pay an upfront feeanywhere from a few hundred to a few thousand dollarssupposedly to cover transaction costs. But, there were never any buyers and the employees pocketed the upfront fees.The type of crime this company perpetrated was a(n)a. larcenyb. embezzlement c. client fraudd. credit card theft
Q:
If, as had been alleged, executives at BP pressured others to take dangerous shortcuts when it came to quality and safety, then the theory which would best explain the criminal actions of BP would bea. rational choice: greed b. rational choice: need c. cultural viewd. self-control view
Q:
Officials at BP and the company itself faced heavy fines, as well as civil and criminal suits. This type of legal and financial jeopardy is an example of what type of control?a. deterrence b. compliance c. inducementd. plea bargaining
Q:
Green-collar crime can take may different forms. The fact that human lives were lost when the platform exploded makes the event which form of green-crime?a. worker safety b. illegal dumping c. biotoxicd. illegal polluting
Q:
The environmental damage resulting from the spewed oil from DeepwaterHorizonwould reflect which green- crime perspective?a. biocentricb. legalisticc. environmental justiced. pollution violator
Q:
On April 20, 2010, an explosion occurred on the DeepwaterHorizonoil rig, killing11 platform workers and injuring17 others. The rig was built by Hyundai Heavy Industries of Korea, owned by the Transocean Drilling Corporation, the drilling overseen by Halliburton, and leased by BP (formerly British Petroleum), in order to drill a deepwater (5,000 feet below the surface) rig in the Gulf of Mexico. BP, facing billions in civil fines, offered to place $20 billion in an escrow account to cover damages. The leak was finally stopped in August 2010. On June 1, 2010, the Obama administration announced that it had launched a criminal probe in order to "prosecute to the fullest extent of the law" any persons or companies that broke the law in the time leading up to the spill.The type of crime this company perpetrated was a(n)a. green-collar b. white-collar c. blue-collar d. gold-collar
Q:
Madoff received a sentence of 150 years for his crimes. Already elderly, Madoff is destined to die in prison.This type of sentence is an example ofa. deterrence b. compliance c. inducementd. plea bargaining
Q:
Madoff conducted his criminal operation for decades. According to the textbook, Madoff would be considered a(n)
a. professional criminal
b. occasional criminal
c. petit criminal
d. green criminal
Q:
Madoff's clients included director Steven Spielberg, actors John Malkovich and Kevin Bacon, Harvard University Endowment, among others. Madoff used his position and his clients' names to snare more victims. This pattern approximates what type of criminal?
a. a criminaloid
b. an exploiter
c. a financial chiseler
d. an android
Q:
More specifically, Madoff had conducted a , bilking billions from unsuspecting customers.a. Ponzi scheme b. illegal dumping c. burglaryd. credit card theft
Q:
On March 12, 2009, financier Bernard Madoff pled guilty to an 11-count criminal complaint, charging him with violating the antifraud provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. At his hearing, Madoff admitted that he had defrauded thousands of investors in the nation's most elaborate financial crime. On June 29, 2009, Madoff was sentenced to 150 years in prison, a life sentence. Madoff's Ponzi scheme has been estimated to have cost clients some $65 billion, maybe the largest criminal conspiracy in history.The type of crime Madoff perpetrated was a(n)a. swindleb. embezzlementc. client fraudd. corporate crime
Q:
_____strategies rely on the punishment of individual offenders to deter other would-be violators.a. Deterrenceb. Compellence c. Aggressived. Proactive
Q:
_____are otherwise respectable persons who do not conceive of themselves as thieves but systematically steal merchandise for their own use.a. Heelsb. Occasional criminals c. Boostersd. Snitches
Q:
Eliminating business competition by burning out rivals is a form of a. psychological arsonb. arson for profitc. juvenile fire setting. d. industrial arson
Q:
Differences between female and male include all of the following differences except:
a. Female have lower arrest rates than males
b. Females have lower representation than males do in serious crime categories.
c. Males commit more crime, and females commit less.
d. Males have a higher arrest rate than do females for prostitution.
Q:
Female and male burglars show similar offending patterns but specific gender differences do exist. Which is one of those differences?a. Female burglars are more likely to work with a partner.b. Female burglars are more likely to be repeat or recurrent offenders. c. Female burglars begin offending at an earlier age.d. Female burglars have a greater risk of being caught.
Q:
Neal Shover studied the careers of professional burglars finding key requirements of "the good burglar." Which isnot one of those key requirements?a. cultivating a ring of bail bond agents b. having inside informationc. cultivating fences or buyers d. learning the needed skills
Q:
Why do most state jurisdictions punish burglary as a felony?
a. Because, historically, a "man's home is his castle."
b. Because, legally, one's home is afforded greater protection under the U.S. Constitution.
c. Because, unlike an auto, an individual's home is considered a permanent belonging.
d. Because the potential for harm to the occupants is so significant.
Q:
Most states have changed the legal requirements for burglary, removing the element of "forced entry." What is entry via deceit legally considered?a. constructive breaking b. destructive breaking c. fraudulent breakingd. falsified breaking
Q:
A new form of professional auto theft is called___-and involves stealing VIN plates from a luxury auto on a dealer lot and placing the stolen VIN plate on an identical luxury vehicle stolen from a mall or parking lot. a. taggingb. vinning c. plating d. cloning
Q:
An acquaintance stole a Dodge Charger and drove around for a few hours showing off the Charger and acting like its owner. What type of amateur auto theft did your acquaintance commit?a. joy riding b. carjackingc. short-term transportation d. interim auto theft
Q:
_____thieves are opportunistic amateurs who steal because of situational inducements. a. Occasionalb. Booster c. Naived. Systemic
Q:
English judges created the concept of constructive possession to get around the element ofa. intent in the taking. b. deceit in the taking.c. trespass in the taking. d. trespass in the taking.
Q:
Tricking a victim into thinking a fraudulent contract is from a legitimate vendor because it has a familiar look is an example ofa. piecemeal fraud b. client fraudc. contract fraudd. representation fraud
Q:
False pretenses or fraud differs from traditional larceny becausea. false pretenses requires a "trespass in the taking."b. the offender has lawful possession but not legal ownership of the possessions. c. the victims willingly give their possessions to the offender.d. false pretenses requires constructive intent.
Q:
Embezzlement occurs when someone who is trusted with property fraudulently converts it. What do we know about embezzlement?a. The number of people arrested for embezzlement has decreased in the past decade. b. Moving property without an owner's consent is legally defined as embezzlement.c. Embezzlement goes back to ancient Greece.d. Third World countries are immune to embezzlement due to their poverty and lack of economy.
Q:
Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson claim white-collar crime is relatively rare because, as a matter of course, business executives tend to hire people witha. business experience. b. self-control.c. strong morals. d. cultural values.
Q:
According to the____view, some business organizations promote white-collar criminality in the same way that lower-class culture encourages the development of juvenile gangs and street crimes. a. corporate greedb. rationalization/neutralization c. corporate cultured. self-control
Q:
In his research on fraud, Cressey found that the____view allowed professionals to excuse their criminal behavior since, "all people steal when they get in a tight spot."a. corporate greedb. rationalization/neutralization c. corporate cultured. self-control
Q:
In 1907, sociologist E. A. Ross described the "criminaloid:" a business leader who, while enjoying immunity from the law, victimized an unsuspecting public. Today, Ross's criminaloid refers to one who commitsa. influence peddling. b. securities fraud.c. corporate crime. d. tax evasion.
Q:
What is the minimum dollar amount necessary before fraud exists in the crime of tax evasion?a. $100b. $1,000 c. $10,000d. There is no minimum dollar amount.
Q:
"Pingponging, "gang visits," and "steering" are forms of which type of whitecollar crime?a. blue-collar fraudb. management fraud c. securities fraudd. health care fraud
Q:
Bernard Madoff has been referred to as the greatest of all time. a. influence peddlerb. pilferer c. exploiterd. financial chiseler
Q:
Pharmacists have been known to alter prescriptions or substitute low-cost generic drugs for more expensive name brands. This is an example of which category of white-collar crime?a. professional chiseling b. churningc. employee fraudd. influence peddling
Q:
One form of___involves "payola" Â record companies paying radio stations to play songs without making listeners aware of the bribes. a. pilferageb. management fraud c. influence peddling d. tying arrangement
Q:
A pyramid scheme is one type of____ whereby people use their institutional or business position to trick others out of their money.a. corporate crimeb. white-collar fraud c. financial chiseling d. employee fraud
Q:
To promote the arrest of amateur and professional shoplifters, a number of states have passed_____laws that are designed to protect retailers and their employees from lawsuits stemming from improper or false arrests of suspected shoplifters.a. merchant privilege b. consumer privilege c. clerk privileged. arrest privilege
Q:
_____involves illegal activities of people and institutions whose acknowledged purpose is profit through legitimate business transactions.a. Organized crime b. Enterprise crimec. White-collar crime d. Cyber crime
Q:
In the late 1930s, the distinguished criminologist_____first used the phrase "whitecollar crime" to describe the criminal activities of the rich and powerful. a. Cesare Lombrosob. Emile Durkheim c. Edwin Lemertd. Edwin Sutherland
Q:
Crimes of the marketplace are referred to as_____ crime and include white-collar crime, cyber crime and organized crime.a. ventureb. enterprise c. businessd. industry
Q:
The Clean Water Act is designed to protect and recover endangered and threatened species of fish, wildlife, and plants.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Compliance strategies rely on the threat of economic sanctions or civil penalties to control potential violators.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The green crime theory, which states violators of environmental laws seek quick benefits with minimal effort, is taken from the rational choice view.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The dumping of toxic chemicals such as kepone, vinyl chloride, or mercury into the soil is known as criminal environmental pollution.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The smuggling of wildlife across national borders is called human trafficking.
a. True
b. False
Q:
It has been conclusively shown that illegal logging does little to actually exhaust forest, destroy wildlife, or damage its habitats.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to the biocentric approach, environmental harm is viewed as any human activity that disrupts a biosystem.
a. True
b. False
Q:
One example of arson fraud involves a business owner burning her or his property to escape financial problems. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The most serious and heavily punished form of burglary involves nighttime forced entry into a home. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Snitches are professional shoplifters who steal with the intention of reselling stolen merchandise to fences. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Petit larceny involves small amounts of money or property and is punished as a misdemeanor. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The original commonlaw definition of larceny required a "trespass in the taking."
a. True
b. False
Q:
Criminologists suspect that most property and theft-related crimes are the work of professional criminals. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Hirschi and Gottfredson have collected data showing that the demographic distribution of white-collar crime is similar to other crimes.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The rationalization/neutralization view can be used to explain the collapse of Enron. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Organizational or corporate crime involves illegal business practices such as price fixing, restraint of trade, and false advertising.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Compare confronting terrorism with law enforcement and confronting terrorism with the law.
Q:
Identify and discuss the causes of terrorism and what motivates the terrorist.
Q:
How are terror groups organized and financed?
Q:
Compare nationalist and retributive terrorism and identify a practitioner of each.
Q:
Compare revolutionary and political terrorism and identify a practitioner of each.
Q:
Distinguish among insurgents, guerillas, and revolutionaries.
Q:
Compare espionage and treason.
Q:
Define terrorism, discuss the original meaning of the word, and historically how and where it first was applied.
Q:
Identify the causes of political crime.
Q:
Discuss how political crime is used to signify illegal acts that are designed to undermine an existing government and threaten its survival.