Q&A Hero

Q: Counselors who work with couples and families can practice more ethically if they are aware of all of the following EXCEPT:a. the cultural history.b. the effects of heterosexism.c. the impact of gender stereotyping.d. nontraditional, and possibly unethical, treatments.

Q: Discuss how social process theories have influenced public policy. Provide examples of policies and programs based on social process theories.

Q: Discuss the key points of labeling theory and the consequences of labeling. Include in your discussion the concepts of primary and secondary deviance.

Q: Some people are reluctant to engage in family therapy because: a. they are not qualified for therapy due to minimal symptoms. b. they are mandated by law to not attend therapy.c. they fear they will be the main target of the sessions and will suffer negative consequences from having divulged certain information.d. they are difficult people and want to undermine their family.

Q: Travis Hirschi links the onset of criminality to the weakening of the ties that bind people to society. Identify and discuss the elements of the social bond and how they impede crime.

Q: Yolanda is an experienced therapist who seems to always feel more compassionate toward the female members of the families she counsels. What are the most salient ethical issues involved in this case?a. Because of her bias, Yolanda may be inclined to collude with some family members against others, or otherwise contribute to dysfunctional family system dynamics.b. Yolanda has been practicing for many years, so her competence should not be questioned.c. Yolanda seems to advocate for those with less power in the family structure, so her stance is actually beneficial for all members of the families with whom she works.d. Yolanda must be in a same-sex relationship, which is unsanctioned by the professional organization in which she is a member.

Q: In the case of domestic violence, clinicians agree that conducting couples therapy while there is ongoing domestic violence:a. presents a potential danger to the abused and is unethical. b. is a clinically sound idea.c. is about as effective as conducting couples therapy when abuse is not occurring. d. is illegal, but not unethical.

Q: Discuss the major assumptions and principles of differential association theory.

Q: Patricia, a family therapist, has adopted an egalitarian philosophy to guide her practice. A Korean couple comes to her to address concerns they have about their teenage daughter. When asked about their home life, they acknowledge that they hold traditional roles and values and that the household chores are entirely left to the females in the family. Patricia should:a. challenge their values immediately since they are probably contributing to the problems with their daughter. b. explore with the couple how satisfied they are with the current division of labor.c. convince the husband to try washing the dishes and cleaning the house.d. suggest that the females in the family enroll in an assertiveness training group.

Q: How do religion and belief impact criminality?

Q: Feminists remind us that patriarchy has:a. positive effects on both women and men. b. negative effects on both women and men.c. positive effects on women and negative effects on men. d. negative effects on women and positive effects on men.

Q: Discuss the relationship between dropping out of school and criminal activity.

Q: In___________ sexist attitudes and patriarchal assumptions are examined for their impact on family relationships.a. narrative therapyb. gender-sensitive couples and family therapy c. reality therapyd. brief solution-focused therapy

Q: Discuss the association between delinquent peers and crime in general and within the context of social control theory.

Q: Which of the following is NOT an essential piece of information the family practitioner must provide before each individual agrees to participate in family therapy?a. The individual who will be identified as the source of the problemsb. The purpose of therapy, what can be expected, and the option to withdraw at any time c. Typical procedures, rights and responsibilities, and fee structured. Risks of negative outcomes and positive benefits and confidentiality and limits to confidentiality

Q: Describe the major premises of the three branches of social process theory - social learning theory, social control theory, and social reaction (labeling) theory.

Q: Family therapy training programs use three primary methods of training. They include all of the following EXCEPT: a. didactic course work. b. direct clinical experiences with families. c. regular supervision by an experienced family supervisor who, together with trainees, may watch the session behind a one-way mirror or through videotaped sessions. d. famogram work.

Q: Explain the influence of family relations on delinquency and crime.

Q: Explain how one's socialization contributes to delinquent and criminal behaviors.

Q: A_____________ approach to supervision is a necessary dimension of training for therapists who want to work with families.a. Adlerianb. family-of-originc. object relationsd. attachment theory-based

Q: Which of the practitioners described below would NOT be an effective family therapist?a. One who demonstrates acceptance, interest, and caringb. One who is courageous and a risk-takerc. One who downplays the influence of diversityd. One who is assertive and confident

Q: To_____is to apply negative labeling with enduring effects on a person's self-image and social interactions.

Q: Charles, a couples' therapist, recently met with a new couple seeking his services. During their initial meeting, Charles learned that the wife and husband are both in individual therapy. As an ethical practitioner, he should: a. ask his new clients' permission to consult with their individual therapists.b. not ask to consult with their therapists since it is none of his business. c. not accept them as clients so as to avoid any ethical conflicts.d. make it a condition that they stop meeting with their individual therapists if they want his services.

Q: ______involves the time, energy, and effort expended in conventional actions such as getting an education

Q: Many believe it is wise to have a ___________ when counseling couples due to the complexity of the work. a. "no secrets" policyb. attorneyc. hidden agendad. three-year contract

Q: The elements of the______ include commitment, attachment, involvement and belief.

Q: Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the values that create the basis for the feminist perspective on family therapy?a. Therapists should empower their clients to make their own choices.b. Therapists help demystify differences between partners when examining the power differential in their relationship.c. Therapists challenge traditional gender roles and the impact this socialization has on relationships and families.d. Therapists educate clients on the benefits of our patriarchal society and encourage them to continue in these genderroles.

Q: A strong moral sense that renders a person incapable of hurting others or violating social norms is referred to as__________________.

Q: In which form of supervision do supervisors watch their trainees conduct family sessions from behind a one-way mirror and offer feedback and consultation to them?a. Vicarious supervision b. Live supervisionc. Family consultation d. Online supervision

Q: ____is the movement in and out of delinquency, shifting between conventional and deviant values.

Q: _____is the result of exposure to opposing norms, attitudes, and definitions of right and wrong, moral and immoral.

Q: Which of the following statements about differing perspectives on confidentiality with multiple clients is FALSE?a. "Hidden agenda" are seen as material that should be brought out into the open during a couples or family session.b. Therapists should not divulge in a family session any information given to them by individuals in private sessions.c. Therapists should inform clients that any information given during private sessions will be divulged as they see fit in accordance with the greatest benefit to the family.d. Family therapists are exempt from reporting information that could harm the family system, including if there is a concern that a family member will harm him- or herself, or will do harm to another person.

Q: Which of the following is a sex-biased response to problems presented in couples' therapy?a. Assuming that remaining married may not be the best choice for a womanb. Demonstrating equal interest in both the woman's career and the man's careerc. Encouraging couples to accept the fact that child rearing is primarily the responsibility of the mother d. Having the same reaction to a woman's extramarital affair as a man's affair

Q: According to the theory of _______criminal behavior is learned and this occurs within intimate personal groups.

Q: The ability of parents to be supportive of their children and effectively control them in noncoercive ways is referred to as ______________________.

Q: _____is the process of human development and enculturation.

Q: Most family therapy training programs encourage___________ work and other processes designed to engage students with their own family-of-origin issues.a. anagramb. genogramc. famogramd. pathogram

Q: The social____theory is the view that criminality is a function of people's interactions with various organizations, institutions, and processes in society.

Q: Natalie is a marital therapist who believes that marriage is a sacred institution. She is dedicated to preserving marital relationships whenever possible. She is working with a couple who is attempting to resolve their problems even though they have also considered the possibility of divorce. One could expect that she:a. would set her values aside and work with any decision that her clients chose to make about their marriage. b. would place the primary focus on helping each person examine what is the best course of action for themselves.c. might let it be known that she believes in the preservation of marriage and would urge the couple to work on their issues.d. would consider divorce as a viable option if the couple is unhappy with their relationship.

Q: Most family therapy training programs employ both didactic and experiential methods and supervised practice.Experiential methods include:a. classroom lectures and readings.b. both personal therapy and working with one's own family of origin. c. films and videotapes of family therapy sessions.d. discussion.

Q: Paul was arrested and charged with burglary. He was permitted to do community service instead of being formally tried and convicted of a felony and receiving a court"ordered sentence. The outcome of Paul's case is described as:a. Labelingb. Profilingc. Reflected appraisald. Restitution

Q: Gender sensitive models of training family therapists are aimed at:a. raising consciousness concerning the role of cultural and ethnic factors in influencing the outlooks and behaviors of individuals and families.b. overcoming trainee gender bias and sex-role stereotyping. c. understanding the collaborative nature of family therapy.d. direct clinical contact with all members of the family system.

Q: According to the social control theory, unless Peter and Paul have an attachment to a , it is unlikely that respect for other authorities will develop.a. Coach b. Friend c. Parentd. Religious official

Q: _____________, with regard to family-of-origin issues, is particularly critical for family therapists. a. Self-knowledgeb. Learning basic counseling techniques c. Learning and practicing specialtiesd. Understanding effective intervention techniques

Q: Peter and Paul were both taken into police custody after they were caught joy-riding in a car that had been reported stolen. While being interrogated, Peter and Paul expressed that they did not feel what they did was so wrong, which suggests a lack of . a. Self-awareness b. Self-control c. Self-regulation d. Self-worth

Q: Competence in working with couples and families only comes with:a. a graduate course in family systems therapy.b. fully resolving one's own family-of-origin issues. c. years of training and supervision.d. natural ability to think systemically.

Q: Peter and Paul are both convinced that there are too many opportunities to commit crime not to continue.What theory best explains why Peter and Paul would continue to commit crime based on this rationale?a. Social disorganization theoryb. Social control theory c. Social learning theory d. Social reaction theory

Q: Peter and Paul have been friends for the past ten years. They are now eighteen years old and in their senior year at the local high school. They happen to be neighbors. They first met when Peter moved into the house next door with his aunt after his parents were killed in an automobile accident. Paul lives with his mother. Paul's father left the home when Paul was three years old.Paul and Peter have recently befriended several individuals who are known for using drugs and also committing crime. Using techniques learned from these new friends, the two begin stealing cars, thus validating which theory?a. Social disorganization theoryb. Social control theory c. Social learning theory d. Social reaction theory

Q: Key values such as collectivism, interdependence, family embeddedness and connectedness, hierarchies of relationship, and multigenerational perspectives are more familiar concepts in _________cultures.a. non-Western b. Westernc. Northernd. non-Northern

Q: The family systems perspective is grounded on the assumption that a client's problematic behavior may be:a. an individual problem that needs to be resolved before the family can meet in a group. b. the issue that is keeping the family in crisis.c. a symptom of dysfunctional patterns handed down across generations.d. a result of the individual's maladjustment and psychosocial development.

Q: Janet and Walter aren't around much, so their children interact with their peers. If the children begin to assume many of the behavioral patterns of their friends, this outcome would be best explained by which theory?a. Culture conflict theoryb. Differential association theoryc. Labeling theoryd. Self-control theory

Q: Therapists have a legal, professional, and ethical obligation to assess whether clients may:a. become completely healthy mentally within six sessions of treatment, never needing therapy again. b. be covered by insurance only.c. complete a treatment plan, including their goals for therapy, before the initial assessment. d. pose a danger to themselves or others.

Q: Susie took a classmate's toy. When asked about it, Susie replied "she had two toys and wasn"t playing with it." This explanation is most closely aligned with which neutralization technique? a. Denial of responsibility b. Denial of injury c. Denial of the victim d. Condemnation of the condemner

Q: Walter and Janet's middle child Fred is having trouble in school. He has been placed in special classes for emotionally disturbed children because of a learning disability. Fred's parents are concerned that others are calling their child "emotionally disturbed" and "delinquent." Fred begins to act up, when he hadn't before, behaviors which validate which social process theory?a. Social disorganization theoryb. Social control theory c. Social learning theory d. Social reaction theory

Q: It is important to understand the common ____________used in your profession, even if you choose not to use them in your practice.a. diagnosesb. assessment tools c. confidentialityd. informed consent

Q: A _____________ assigned to clients can have implications for their employment or future employability status. a. diagnosisb. empirically supported treatment c. assessmentd. treatment manual

Q: Their oldest child Walter Jr. will be moving to the local high school. He previously attended the school at the family's Catholic Church, where he attended mass weekly. What risks are there for Walter Jr. by leaving the Catholic school? a. Attending religious services increases one's commission of crime. b. Attending religious services has no impact on reducing crime. c. Attending religious services has a minimal impact on reducing crime. d. Attending religious services has a significant impact on reducing crime.

Q: Practitioners who favor the use of diagnostic procedures argue that such procedures enable the therapists to:a. attach a label to the client, which stigmatizes them.b. identify a diagnosis that will follow the client for the rest of their life, possibly keeping them from being accepted by any future insurance company.c. identify a particular emotional or behavioral disorder, which helps in designing an appropriate treatment plan. d. pick and choose which symptoms truly fit the client's problems in order to create a diagnosis that will e reimbursed by insurance and remain on the client's record for possible future problems.

Q: Walter and Janet have three children. Janet has been a stay at home mother raising the children. Walter has always worked full time and is always traveling for business. Their youngest child will start school soon. Now all three children will be in school all day. Walter and Janet are discussing if Janet should take the full time job she has been offered.Janet is out of the home by 7:00am and she does not return until 6:00pm. She has neither the time or the energy to be supportive of her children and will not be able to effectively control them. Ultimately this will lead to a decrease ina. culture conflictb. neutralization techniquesc. parental efficacyd. reflected appraisal

Q: The movement toward grounding psychotherapy practice on a scientific foundation led to the concept of:a. differential diagnosis. b. psychometric testing.c. psychological diagnosis.d. empirically supported treatments.

Q: What is the process whereby secondary deviance pushes offenders out of mainstream society and locks them into an escalating cycle of deviance?a. deviance amplificationb. differential enforcement c. reflected appraisald. retrospective reading

Q: Developing an approach to counseling is an ongoing and fluid process. Counselors in training tend to be drawn to a particular theory initially but modify it as they gain experience. Ultimately, your counseling orientation and style must: a. include some aspects of psychoanalytic theory.b. be appropriate for the unique needs of your clients and for the type of counseling you do. c. be a combination of all theories in the counseling field.d. be appropriate for some clients; other clients will change to fit your counseling orientation and style.

Q: Which theory explains criminal careers in terms of stigma-producing encounters?a. cultural devianceb. differential association c. social controld. social reaction (labeling) theory

Q: According to the social control theory, kids who feel attached to their____, are the ones less likely to engage in antisocial behaviors.a. friendsb. grandparents c. parentsd. teachers

Q: ___________were developed for a wide range of psychological disorders. Their success ushered in the movement toward empirically supported treatments and evidence-based practice.a. Family systems therapies b. Cognitive therapiesc. Treatment manuals d. Behavioral therapies

Q: According to the social control theory this element of the social bond insulates people from the lure of criminal behavior because they are not sitting idle.a. Attachment b. Commitment c. Beliefd. Involvement

Q: __________is the process of distinguishing one form of mental disorders from another by determining which of two (or more) disorders with similar symptoms the person is suffering from. a. Differential diagnosisb. Psychological diagnosis c. Assessmentd. Psychometric testing

Q: Some practitioners may over-diagnose, under-diagnose, or misdiagnose clients from marginalized groups. In order to avoid these issues, counselors need to:a. carefully consider all aspects of clients' culture without considering clients' past and present life circumstances.b. carefully consider the clients' past and present life circumstances only. c. carefully consider the clients' decisions in life with no regard of culture.d. carefully consider all aspects of clients' culture in conjunction with clients' past and present life circumstances.

Q: Which of the following elements of the social bond involves the time, energy, and effort expended in conventional activities?a. Attachment b. Commitment c. Beliefd. Involvement

Q: Which of the following would NOT be considered a diversion program?a. alcohol treatment program b. mental health programc. prisond. restitution

Q: Katie has just accepted her first position as a counselor in a community agency. An agency policy requires her to conduct an intake interview with each client, determine a diagnosis, and establish a treatment plan all in the first session. Once a diagnosis is established, clinicians have a maximum of five more sessions with a given client. What ethical and legal standards are possibly broken? a. Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to assess a client for at least five sessions before diagnosing b. Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to carefully assess and accurately diagnose clients before commencing any intervention c. Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to forgo diagnosing a client in order to properly treat the problem d. Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to pick a diagnosis that fits a criteria in order for insurance reimbursement

Q: When labeling alienates parents from their children and negative labels reduce children's self image and increase delinquency, this process is referred to as:a. deviance amplification b. reflected appraisalc. retrospective readingd. successful degradation ceremony

Q: _________ believe that many symptoms stem from problems within the system rather than originating in the individual.a. Cognitive behavioral therapists b. Cognitive therapistsc. Family systems therapists d. Psychoanalysts

Q: The clinical interview serves all of the following purposes EXCEPT: a. providing information on a client's presenting problems. b. giving glimpses of historical factors that may be contributing to the client's condition. c. providing a framework for making a differential diagnosis to determine whether an individual suffers from a particular mental disorder. d. providing the actual outcome of treatment.

Q: The process of becoming stigmatized by crime labels is interactive. Labeling theorists blame the establishment of criminal careers ona. parents.b. crime control agencies. c. teachers.d. the criminals themselves.

Q: A competency hearing in which a person is declared "mentally ill," or a trial where someone is found to be a "rapist"____are forms of according to Harold Garfinkle. a. successful demonizing ritualsb. successful shame ritualsc. successful stigmatizing ceremonies d. successful degradation ceremonies

Q: _____________ consists of evaluating the relevant factors in a client's life to identify themes for further exploration. a. Differential diagnosisb. Psychological diagnosis c. Assessmentd. Psychometric testing

Q: The acronym DSM-5 stands for:a. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: 5th Edition b. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Diseases: 5th Editionc. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Muscle Disorders: 5th Editiond. Deviant Syndromes Manual: Treatment and Remediation: 5th Edition

Q: ______is a process whereby secondary deviance pushes offenders out of the mainstream of society and offenders begin their escalating cycle of deviance.a. Reactive stigmatab. Differential moralityc. Retrospective association d. Deviance amplification

Q: Which of the following statements does NOT reflect labeling theory?a. Labeling theory identifies the role played by social agents in crime causation.b. Labeling theory recognizes that criminality is a disease or a pathological behavior. c. Labeling theory distinguishes between criminal acts and criminal careers.d. Labeling theory focuses attention on the social interactions and reactions that shape individuals and their behavior.