Q&A Hero

Q: ___________ is at the core of effective therapy; it is the counselor's ethical duty to protect private client communication.a. Privileged communication b. Privacyc. Ethicsd. Confidentiality

Q: Merton's view of anomie has been one of the most enduring and influential theories of criminality. a. True b. False

Q: Strain is limited in affluent areas because educational and vocational opportunities are available.a. Trueb. False

Q: The HIPAA Privacy Rule was designed to provide a uniform level of privacy and security on the federal level. This Privacy Rule, which applies to both paper and electronic transmissions of protected health information by covered entities, developed out of the concern that transmission of health care information through electronic means could lead to widespread gaps in the protection of client confidentiality. Which of the following is NOT a requirement of The Privacy Rule?a. It requires health plans and other covered entities to establish policies and procedures to protect the confidentiality of health information about their patients.b. It provides detailed patient information to individuals outside of the health care agency.c. It requires technical, administrative, and physical safeguards to protect security of protected health information in electronic form.d. It provides patients with rights concerning how their health information is used and disclosed by health care providers who fall within the domain of HIPAA.

Q: According to the author, the most important wielder of informal social control is religion. a. Trueb. False

Q: Therapists have the responsibility to prevent suicide if they can reasonably anticipate it. Once it is determined that a client is at risk for serious harm to self, the professional is:a. released of all legal and ethical requirements to protect the client. b. legally, but not ethically, required to take appropriate action.c. legally and ethically required to take appropriate action aimed at protecting the person.d. ethically, but not legally, required to take appropriate action.

Q: Even if clients argue that they can do what they want with their own lives, including taking them, therapists with suicidal clients have a legal:a. duty to protect. b. duty to warn.c. privacy issue.d. privileged communication issue.

Q: Collective efficacy refers to the social control exerted by cohesive communities that is based on mutual trust. a. Trueb. False

Q: The basic standard of care for school counselors is clear; courts have uniformly held that: a. school personnel should not breach confidentiality at any time. b. school personnel have a duty to protect students from foreseeable harm. c. school personnel have a duty to protect students if confidentiality is not at risk. d. school personnel must release any and all information regarding students to faculty and parents.

Q: People who live in neighborhoods that experience high levels of crime and civil disorder become suspicious and mistrusting. a. True b. False

Q: In most cases, therapists will not have advanced warning that a client is dangerous. Therefore, therapists must be prepared for such an eventuality. Which of the following is NOT a suggestion from the authors' for preparation? a. Limit disclosure to all clients until they are deemed safe.b. Take at least one workshop in the assessment and management of dangerous clients. c. Know how to contact the legal counsel of your professional organization.d. Familiarize yourself with professionals who are experienced in dealing with violence and know how to reach them.

Q: Shaw and McKay's statistical analysis confirmed that even though crime rates changed, the highest rates were always in Zones I and Zone II. a. True b. False

Q: In____________, the court expanded the practitioner's duty to warn those in danger to include the circumstance in which a family member communicates to a mental health practitioner a belief that the client poses a risk of grave bodily injury to another person.a. Tarasoff v. Board of Regents of the University of California b. Jaffee v. Redmondc. Ewing v. Goldsteind. Petersen v. McDonald

Q: The social disorganization concepts articulated by Shaw and McKay enjoyed short-term prominence due to the growing homogeneity of American society over time. a. True b. False

Q: Minority and white group members are equally likely to be poor. a. Trueb. False

Q: The following are all major types of elder abuse EXCEPT:a. financial or material exploitation. b. neglect and abandonment.c. sexual, physical, and psychological abuse. d. protection and positive treatment.

Q: Social structure theories suggest that social and economic forces operating in deteriorated lower-class areas push many area residents into criminal behavior patterns. a. True b. False

Q: In Chapter 6, a six-step ethical practice model for protecting confidentiality rights that places legal mandates in an ethical context is presented. The six steps include all of the following EXCEPT: a. preparation. b. tell clients the truth "up front." c. obtain truly informed consent before making a disclosure. d. have your attorney respond to legal requests for disclosure.

Q: Which of the following is NOTidentified in the text as a guideline for counselors using the telephone?a. Exercise caution in discussing confidential or privileged information with anyone over the telephone and especially when employing digital and mobile technologies.b. Set firm boundaries with clients from the beginning and address matters such as avoiding interruptions and privacy.c. After addressing the ethical guidelines and ensuring absolute privacy, counselors may speak to their clients as freely as they desire without fear that their conversations will be used in legal proceedings.d. Disclose the limits of confidentiality with clients if wireless telephones are used.

Q: Identify and discuss the mental disorders and diseases that are associated with crime. How persuasive is the association between mental disorders and why?

Q: __________________extends the duty to warn in California to a foreseeable, identifiable person who might be near the intended victim when the threat is carried out and thus might also be in danger.a. Bradley Center v. Wessner b. Jablonski v. United Statesc. Tarasoff v. University of California Board of Regents d. Hedlund v. Superior Court

Q: Why is the association between IQ/intelligence and crime so controversial?

Q: In the case of disclosing confidential information when working with an HIV-positive client, several writers state that the therapist has a duty to protect when the following condition exists: a. the client is engaging in safe-sex with a committed partner. b. clear and imminent danger must exist. c. all potential victims must be warned, even if there have been multiple sexual partners over the years. d. all persons who have exchanged needles with the client must be found and warned of possible danger.

Q: How do cognitive theorists explain the relationship between information processing and antisocial behavior?

Q: The intended victim's knowledge of a threat does NOT relieve therapists of the duty to protect, as can be seen by the decision in:a. Bradley Center v. Wessner.b. Jablonski v. United States.c. Tarasoff v. University of California Board of Regents.d. Hedlund v. Superior Court.

Q: Identify and discuss the four factors that social learning theorists suggest contribute to violent or aggressive behavior.

Q: Discuss attachment theory and how failure to develop proper attachment is associated with crime.

Q: A counselor working in an AIDS-related case:a. has a legal duty to warn according to the Tarasoff decision.b. is obliged to protect all third parties of the threat of HIV transmission according to ethical codes. c. must report the case to the Department of Public Health.d. has few legal guidelines to help determine when or how to inform a potential victim of the threat of HIV transmission.

Q: The Georgia Supreme Court ruled that a physician has a duty to take reasonable care to prevent a potentially dangerous patient from inflicting harm in:a. Hedlund v. Superior Court.b. Tarasoff v. University of California Board of Regents. c. Bradley Center v. Wessner.d. Jablonski v. United States.

Q: Explain the links between evolution, gender, and crime.

Q: An African-American woman was interacting with her child in a domestic abuse shelter when she is over-heard saying to her child, "Keep touching that and I'm going to whoop you." The social worker that heard this statement should: a. immediately report the mother to Child Protective Services. b. tell the mother that she will be evicted from the shelter if she continues to talk to her child that way. c. recognize that what constitutes abuse in one culture may not be viewed as abuse in another culture and is not reportable until it is determined that the child is in danger. d. remove the child from the mother's care until the mother can learn how to talk to her child with respect.

Q: Discuss what research indicates about parental deviance, twin behavior, and adoption studies.

Q: Privileged communication does NOT apply in cases of:a. clients' disclosures of personal and sensitive information.b. child abuse and neglect.c. unfaithfulness in one or both partners in couple's therapy.d. legal proceedings where the therapist is asked to produce a client's records in court.

Q: Explain how chemical compounds, called neurotransmitters, are associated with aggression and other anti-social behaviors.

Q: Most counseling centers and community mental health agencies now have guidelines regarding the duty to warn and protect when the welfare of others is at stake. These guidelines generally specify how to deal with: a. emotionally healthy individuals with non-violent behavior. b. emotionally disturbed individuals, violent behavior, threats, suicidal possibilities, and other circumstances in which counselors may be legally and ethically required to breach confidentiality. c. documentation and assessment of school children. d. non-suicidal individuals seeking assistance with living arrangements.

Q: Discuss the relationship between hormonal changes and mood and behavior.

Q: Discuss the basic assumptions of contemporary trait theorists. Explain why trait theorists have gained recent prominence.

Q: Schools that receive federal funding are generally bound by the provisions of the:a. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). b. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1994 (FERPA). c. H1N1 Prevention Act.d. Confidentiality and Privileged Communication Act.

Q: Two processes that offer safeguards against malpractice liability in suicidal cases are:a. consultation and documentation. b. assessment and orientation.c. individual therapy and group therapy. d. diagnosis and informed consent.

Q: ______is the view that human behavior is motivated by inborn biological urges to survive and preserve the species

Q: Which of the following would be an ineffective way of managing a client's suicidal ideation? a. Attempt to secure a promise from the client that he or she will not try to commit suicide. b. Immediately hospitalize the client.c. Be willing to communicate your caring without setting limits.d. Recognize the limits of your competence and know when and how to refer.

Q: The_____ is the reasonably stable patterns of behavior that distinguish one person from another.

Q: Jolene tells her counselor that she is depressed about the break-up of her relationship and "just wishes she could go to sleep and never wake up." In this case, the counselor needs to:a. immediately commit Jolene to a psychiatric facility.b. assess if Jolene is suicidal and intervene if necessary.c. recognize that her statement is only a "cry for help" and should not be taken seriously. d. see if there is any chance for reconciliation.

Q: The_____is the part of the personality that helps the individual keep his or her actions within the boundaries of social convention.

Q: According to the psychodynamic theory, the______is the primitive part of people's mental makeup and represents unconscious biological drives.

Q: In______________________, a Supreme Court decision ruled that communications between licensed psychotherapists and their clients are privileged and therefore protected from forced disclosure in cases arising under federal law. a. Bradley Center v. Wessnerb. Jablonski v. United States c. Jaffee v. Redmondd. Hedlund v. Superior Court

Q: _________________was passed by Congress to promote standardization and efficiency in the health care industry and to give patients more rights and control over their health information a. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) b. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1994 (FERPA) c. The H1N1 Prevention Act d. The Confidentiality and Privileged Communication Act

Q: ____twins are fraternal twins who only have half their genes in common and thus share fewer commonalities when it comes to criminal behavior.

Q: The California court's ruling that requires therapists to breach confidentiality in cases where the general welfare and safety of others is involved is a result of the:a. Bradley Center v. Wessner decision. b. Jablonski v. United States decision.c. Tarasoff decision.d. Hedlund v. Superior Court decision.

Q: Programs that seek to treat personal problems before they manifest themselves as crimes are referred to as___________________.

Q: Susan is quite distressed after finding out her husband has been unfaithful. She tells her counselor that she is so angry that she feels like killing him. Upon hearing this, the counselor needs to:a. question Susan to determine whether she is serious about doing physical harm to her husband.b. warn the husband that he is in potential danger.c. commit Susan to a hospital until she can overcome her anger.d. threaten to terminate services with Susan if she continues to talk about killing her husband.

Q: _______is a severe disorder marked by hearing nonexistent voices, seeing hallucinations, and exhibiting inappropriate responses.

Q: Children with_____experience an ongoing pattern of uncooperative and hostile behavior toward authority figures.

Q: Ethical guidelines regarding confidentiality require that counselors do NOT:a. allow clerical assistants to handle confidential information. b. use client records to consult with experts or peers.c. use client case studies to teach or write books, even when their clients' identities are disguised.d. disclose client information unless there is clear and imminent danger to the client or others or when legal requirements demand that confidential information be revealed.

Q: Proponents of the_____theory argue that environmental stimulation from parents, relatives, and peer groups accounts for a child's IQ level.

Q: It is illegal and unethical for a therapist to disclose confidential information when:a. the client consents to disclosure.b. there is a duty to warn or to protect third parties. c. an emergency exists.d. an employer requests disclosure to determine the mental status of an employee without their consent.

Q: Proponents of the___theory, argued that intelligence is largely determined genetically and that low intelligence is linked to criminal behavior.

Q: As a matter of law, _______________refers to the constitutional right of an individual to be left alone and to control their personal information.a. self-disclosureb. privileged communicationc. privacyd. confidentiality

Q: Michael was arrested and charged with possession of narcotics and aggravated battery. Michael was offered a plea deal of 5 years of probation with a condition that he participates in drug treatment and psychological counseling. When attendance in these programs is a requirement of a probation order they are considered______.a. primary prevention programs b. secondary prevention programsc. adjudicatory prevention programs d. alternative sentencing programs

Q: James is in court facing drug-related charges and his therapist was subpoenaed to testify in court regarding any discriminating evidence concerning the case. His therapist came to court but refused to answer questions regarding the case or produce James's records. The therapist used the following legal concept to protect himself from forced disclosure:a. confidentiality.b. privileged communication.c. client privacy.d. taking the 5th amendment.

Q: Michael's family checks Michael into a three month residential treatment center that treats individuals with mental health issues and drug addiction. The treatment Michael receives is considered a_____.a. primary prevention program b. secondary prevention programc. adjudicatory prevention program d. alternative sentencing program

Q: All of the following pose a number of potential ethical problems with regard to protecting client privacy EXCEPT:a. face-to-face interaction.b. telephone and cellular phone.c. answering machine and voicemail. d. fax and e-mail.

Q: Which of the following is NOT an alternative technology to online counseling?a. Tabletsb. Telehealthc. Telephone counselingd. Smartphones

Q: If Michael were to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder what would be a likely symptom?a. hearing nonexistent voices b. seeing hallucinationsc. exhibiting inappropriate responses d. alternating moods

Q: Michael is now twenty years old and a court ordered psychologist has diagnosed Michael with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia is a type of disorder.a. depressive b. personalityc. psychotic d. mood

Q: ________________can result from unjustified departure from usual practice or from failing to exercise proper care infulfilling one's responsibilities.a. Malpracticeb. Professional negligence c. Standard of cared. Termination

Q: Generally, the best way to proceed when you have concerns about the behavior of a colleague is to:a. not address the problem until a client has been injured emotionally or physically. b. speak with other colleagues to determine if they have the same concerns.c. speak directly with the client about your colleague's behavior.d. deal directly with the colleague, unless doing so would compromise a client's confidentiality.

Q: Michael has a history of acting out since he was two years old. As a child, Michael's acting out consisted of disrespecting his parents. By the age of twelve he was skipping school and hanging out with older boys in the neighborhood. By the time he was fifteen he started using drugs and alcohol.Michael was consistently uncooperative with his parents. He was hostile to all authority figures including teachers and police officers. He would frequently lose his temper and blame everyone else for his misbehavior. What mental disorder was most likely the appropriate diagnosis for Michael?a. bipolar disorder b. mood disorderc. oppositional disorder d. schizophrenia

Q: California enacted a law in 2011 allowing mental health practitioners to treat minors (12 years or older) if: a. a minor would like to enter into a counseling relationship; it is necessary to have informed parental or guardian consent or for counseling to be court ordered. b. the practitioner is informed by the minor he or she would like to enter into a counseling relationship for minor educational purposes. c. the practitioner determines the minor is mature enough to participate intelligently in outpatient treatment or mental health counseling. However, the statute does require parental (or guardian) involvement in the treatment unless the therapist finds, after consulting with the minor, that this would be inappropriate under the circumstances. d. there is no reason for a minor to be treated without parent consent.

Q: After twenty years the boys are contacted by a researcher who is conducting a study on twins separated at birth and adopted by different families. John finds it difficult to sustain relationships because he was not provided the support and care that he needed by his adopted mother as an infant? Which theory would best explain John's predicament?a. attachment theory b. behavior theoryc. information processing theory d. nature theory

Q: The boys end up being adopted by different families. Tom, the brother who lives in the large city is diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Tests were done and it was discovered that the level of _____in his blood was twice the levels found in the general population. The doctors are convinced this is the cause of his disorder.a. amino acids b. glucosec. mercury d. neurotransmitters

Q: Which of the following is NOT a professional association's ethical codes or guidelines in regards to technology and online counseling?a. Psychologists who offer online services inform clients of the risks to privacy and the limits of confidentiality.b. Competence to provide online counseling is the most important aspect of ethical codes or guidelines.c. Counselors are expected to inform clients of the benefits and limitations of using technology in the counseling process.d. Therapists must: (a) determine that electronic therapy is appropriate for clients, taking into account the clients' intellectual, emotional, and physical needs; (b) inform clients of the potential risks and benefits associated with electronic therapy; (c) ensure the security of their communication medium; and (d) only commence electronic therapy after appropriate education, training, or supervised experience using the relevant technology.

Q: Records are:a. vital to review the course of treatment. The manner in which you document treatment is likely to determine the outcome of the case.b. important; however, the legal system does not expect a therapist to spend hours documenting treatment.c. only important during legal proceedings.d. necessary in order to diagnose suicidal or homicidal clients only.

Q: There are different types of twins. The boys are most likely twins if is determined that they are very close in such crime-relevant measures as level of aggression and verbal skills. a. dizygotic b. dualgotic c. monozygotic d. polygotic

Q: Which factor presented in the scenario would be the best indicator that the boys would engage in criminal behavior?a. that their adopted mother is criminalb. that their biological father is criminalc. that their biological mother ends up committing crime after the boys are adoptedd. that their adopted parents are over 40 years old

Q: Ignoring evidence of peer misconduct is:a. self-preserving. b. ethical.c. an ethical violation.d. illegal, but not unethical.

Q: At the age of 15, Julie gave birth to twin sons. Julie was a high school dropout and did not have a job. She was not able to take proper care of the boys so she decided to give them up for adoption. Their father was convicted of armed robbery and rape. He signed over his custody rights to the state while serving a 30 year prison sentence.Which biosocial theory would promote that research be done to see if the boys will be delinquent like their father?a. biochemical b. neurologicalc. genetic d. evolutionary

Q: ________________is the failure to render professional services or to exercise the degree of skill that is ordinarily expected of other professionals in a similar situation.a. Risk management b. Standard of care c. Malpracticed. Informed consent

Q: In regards to record keeping, the ________________ states: "Mental health counselors create, maintain, store, transfer, and dispose of client records in ways that protect confidentiality and are in accordance with applicable regulations or laws."a. National Association of Social Workersb. American Mental Health Counselors Association c. American Psychological Associationd. Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors

Q: According to the evolutionary theory, over the history of the human species______ males have had the greatest impact on the gene pool.a. aggressive b. intelligent c. introverted d. mentally ill