Q&A Hero

Q: _______________is the practice of focusing on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of problems that may injure clients and leadto filing an ethics complaint or a malpractice action. a. Risk managementb. Informed consent c. Terminationd. Standard of care

Q: The major premise of the genetic theory is that: a. as the human race evolved, traits and characteristics became ingrained, some of which make aggressive and predisposed to commit crime. b. criminality of the parents can predict the delinquency of children. c. criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment. d. crime is a function of diet and food allergies.

Q: The major premise of the neurological theory is that: a. as the human race evolved, traits and characteristics became ingrained, some of which make aggressive and predisposed to commit crime. b. criminality of the parents can predict the delinquency of children. c. criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment. d. crime is a function of diet and food allergies.

Q: Samuel has been planning a two week vacation to Europe for months. He is a private practitioner and has a caseload of clients who have dependency issues. As an ethical practitioner, Samuel should:a. not inform his clients until a few days before he leaves.b. not go on vacation so as to not increase his clients' anxiety levels. c. provide his clients with another therapist in case of need.d. bring back a souvenir for each client to show them how important they are to him.

Q: Elena, your client of two years, has just received the news that she is losing her insurance coverage; however, she recently had a breakthrough in therapy and needs to continue working on her issues. As an ethical therapist, you should:a. refer her to a community mental health center where she can get services at a low cost. b. determine new payment terms so Elena can continue working with you.c. terminate therapy and give Elena some good book references so she can work through her issues on her own. d. terminate therapy and encourage Elena to look in the Yellow Pages for a new therapist who will accept a sliding scale arrangement.

Q: The major premise of the biochemical theory is that:a. as the human race evolved, traits and characteristics became ingrained, some of which make aggressive and predisposed to commit crime.b. criminality of the parents can predict the delinquency of children.c. criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment.d. crime is a function of diet and food allergies.

Q: The major premise of the evolutionary theory is that:a. as the human race evolved, traits and characteristics became ingrained, some of which make aggressive and predisposed to commit crime.b. criminality of the parents can predict the delinquency of children. c. criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment.d. crime is a function of diet and food allergies.

Q: Fran has decided to start an online counseling practice. Which of the following have the potential to result in unethical behavior?a. Refusing to accept psychotic and/or seriously disturbed individuals as clients b. Charging fees that are covered by insurance companiesc. Limiting and/or providing general diagnoses due to lack of behavioral clues d. Promising confidentiality and privacy

Q: What is known about mental disorders and crime?a. It is possible that the link between mental illness and crime is spurious and caused by some other factor. b. Mentally ill offenders are more likely to have low recidivism rates than non-mentally ill offenders.c. Research suggests that people who suffer from mental illness seem to be less anti-social than members of the general population.d. Males offenders seem to have more serious mental health disorders than do female offenders.

Q: Which of the following would NOTbe found in managed care contracts? a. "Gag clauses" that prohibit practitioners from sharing any negative information about managed care policies b. Informing the client the managed care company may request a client's diagnosis, results on any tests given, a wide range of clinical information, treatment plans, and perhaps even the entire clinical record of a client c. Information regarding limits of confidentiality and the potential repercussions of disclosing personal information to insurance providers d. Information regarding benefits, risks, and costs of various interventions

Q: _________________are essentially the same as psychotherapy notes. They address the client's transference reactions and the therapist's subjective impressions of the client.a. Process notes b. Progress notesc. Diagnostic notesd. Treatment summary

Q: What research finding counters criminologists who claim that only low-IQ criminals get caught?a. Adolescents with low IQs are more likely to commit crime.b. There is little difference in the IQ scores of self-reported and official criminals. c. Low IQs equally prevail in offenders receiving prison sentences or probation.d. Violent criminals have high IQs.

Q: What do we know about psychopaths and crime?a. Psychopaths comprise 65 percent of U.S. prison inmates.b. Psychopaths tend to continue their criminal careers long after other offenders age out of crime. c. Psychopaths are no more likely to reoffend within a year of release than other offenders.d. Psychopaths who reoffend are more likely to reoffend in nonviolent ways.

Q: _____________can best be viewed as an ongoing process aimed at increasing the range of choices and the responsibility of the client as an active therapeutic partner.a. Diagnosisb. Informed consent c. Documentationd. Case consultations

Q: ____is a psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes - how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them.a. Neurophysiological theory b. Cognitive theoryc. Biosocial theory d. Evolutionary theory

Q: In the event that a practitioner is sued, he or she should:a. try to resolve the matter directly with the client.b. destroy or alter files or reports that may be incriminating. c. enter into personal therapy.d. promptly retain an attorney.

Q: Which of the following situations do NOTjustify the use of remote services consistent with ethical practice and in keeping with regulatory standards? a. When service is provided in the context of an existing therapy relationship b. When inperson treatment is either difficult or impossible to access due to client's remote location c. When remote services offer practical advantages over in-person treatment (i.e., a client's busy schedule makes remote sessions more efficient) d. When the client desires remote sessions and the therapist has insufficient information about the client

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the three principle sources of behavior modeling?a. genetic predispositions b. family interactionsc. environmental experiences d. mass media

Q: Social learning theory holds thata. people are born with aggressive tendencies.b. people hold aggressive mental scripts in their subconscious. c. people learn to be aggressive through their life experiences.d. people have chemical needs that require violence for stimulation.

Q: ____is the branch of behavior theory most relevant to criminology. a. Cognitive theory b. Social learning theoryc. Information-processing theory d. Nurture theory

Q: Which of the following would be LEAST likely to lead to a malpractice suit?a. Failure to obtain or document informed consentb. Practicing beyond the scope of competencyc. Unhealthy transference relationshipsd. Engaging in a bartering arrangement with a client

Q: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) developed_____psychology that has remained a prominent segment o psychological theory ever since.a. neurological b. biosocialc. generational d. psychodynamic

Q: Inappropriate socialization with clients, burdening clients with a counselor's personal problems, and putting clients in awkward business situations are examples of:a. inappropriate crisis intervention. b. established therapeutic practices.c. unhealthy transference relationships.d. seeking balance in the counseling relationship.

Q: Joyce was hospitalized as a result of an attempted suicide. She tried to call her therapist before taking an overdose of pills, but he could not be reached because he was on vacation and did not make provisions for a replacement therapist while he was gone. This action constitutes the following type of professional negligence:a. misdiagnosis.b. client abandonment. c. vicarious liability.d. practicing beyond the scope of competency.

Q: According to the psychoanalytic perspective, the _______develops as a result of incorporating within the personality the moral standards and values of parents, community, and significant others. a. id b. egoc. superego d. conscience

Q: Disclosures should be given in:a. plain language in a culturally sensitive manner and must be understandable to clients, including minors and people with impaired cognitive functioning.b. elevated language that will impress consumers and give them confidence in the services they are about to receive.c. writing that makes it unnecessary to discuss informed consent during sessions. d. several languages since we live in a multicultural society.

Q: _____was the forerunner of modern learning theorists who believed that people learn from one another through imitation.a. Albert Bandura b. Charles Goring c. Gabriel Tarde d. Sigmund Freud

Q: A significant criticism of biosocial theory has been a. that it is the product of flawed methodology.b. that it is based on outdated research. c. that it is racist.d. that it fails to explain gender differences in the crime rate.

Q: To succeed in a malpractice claim, the plaintiff needs to show that a breach of duty did exist in which: a. the practitioner failed to foresee the client's intention to commit suicide despite warning signs that the client was decompensating and/or the practitioner failed to provide the appropriate standard of care. b. the client failed to get better in spite of reasonable care. c. there was no professional relationship between therapist and client. d. the client was explained informed consent in detail and the therapist practiced within his or her scope of capacity.

Q: Which perspective bests supports the fact that human history has been marked by war, violence and aggression?a. biochemical b. neurophysiological c. genetic d. evolutionary

Q: Genetic theory holds that criminality-producing traits are a. passed from generation to generation.b. passed from fathers to sons but not fathers to daughters.c. passed on from mothers to sons but not mothers to daughters. d. passed from one generation but then skips the next generation.

Q: Of the following, which is an example of a behavior that might leave a mental health practitioner vulnerable to a malpractice suit?a. Used a procedure within the realm of accepted professional practice b. Employed a technique that he or she was not trained to usec. Used a procedure to which the client did not respond favorablyd. Explained the possible consequences of treatment and the client still wanted to participate in the process

Q: The intent of____________ a(n)is to define boundaries and clarify the nature of the basic counseling relationshipbetween the counselor and the client. a. supervision contractb. informed consent document c. HIPAA documentd. release of information form

Q: In regards to unethical behavior of colleagues, the National Association of Social Workers states: a. "When rehabilitation counselors have reason to believe that another rehabilitation counselor is violating or has violated an ethical standard, they attempt first to resolve the issue informally with the other rehabilitation counselor if feasible, provided such action does not violate confidentiality rights that may be involved." b. "Human service professionals respond appropriately to unethical behavior of colleagues. Usually this means initially talking directly with the colleague and, if no resolution is forthcoming, reporting the colleague's behavior to supervisory or administrative staff and/or to the professional organization(s) to which the colleague belongs." c. "Informal peer monitoring is one way to assume responsibility for watching out for each other." d. "Social workers should take adequate measures to discourage, prevent, expose, and correct the unethical conduct of colleagues."

Q: Studies conducted on twin behavior have detected a significant relationship between the criminal activities of____ twins.a. AZ b. DZc. MZ d. QZ

Q: In adoption studies, which of the following strongly predicted a child's criminal behavior?a. a criminal biological mother b. a criminal adoptive motherc. a criminal biological father d. a criminal adoptive grandfather

Q: ____________________is/are not reserved exclusively for the irresponsible practitioner. Clients may make allegations of unethical conduct or file a legal claim due to negligence, even though the counselor may have acted ethically and appropriately.a. Malpractice claimsb. Legal matters and risk management c. Addictions counselingd. Ethical aspects of practice

Q: Regarding counseling with children and adolescents, informed consent of parents or guardians may NOT be legally required when a minor is seeking counseling for:a. difficulties in school or at home.b. a safe place to discuss normal changes adolescents experience throughout their developmental process. c. assistance with planning their educational future.d. dangerous drugs or narcotics, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy and birth control, and examination following alleged sexual assault of a minor over 12 years of age.

Q: If criminal fathers produce criminal sons who produce criminal grandchildren, then crime can be said to be a. intraracial. b. interracial.c. interbiological. d. intergenerational.

Q: According to_____, for a variety of genetic and environmental reasons, people's brains function differently in response to environmental stimuli.a. excitement theory b. arousal theory c. danger theory d. stimuli theory

Q: Evidence exists that indicates abnormally low levels of brain chemical compounds called_____are associated with violent behavior.a. electrolytes b. chemical "straightjackets" c. chemical restraints d. neurotransmitters

Q: Concerning counseling via the Internet, which statement is most accurate?a. The codes of the major professional organizations offer detailed guidance regarding ethical practices in the use of technology.b. There are both advantages and disadvantages in using Internet technology to deliver counseling services. c. Most experts agree that what is being currently offered via Internet counseling is a form of traditional psychotherapy.d. This form of counseling is not suited to a problem-solving approach.

Q: _________________-should include a record of client and therapist behavior that is clinically relevant, including interventions used, client responses to treatment strategies, the evolving treatment plan, and any follow-up measures taken.a. Assessmentsb. Progress notes c. Intakesd. Screenings

Q: Many ADHD children also suffer from_____ and continually engage in aggressive and antisocial behavior early in childhood.a. conduct disorder. b. schizophrenia.c. hypoglycemia. d. behavior modeling

Q: Brain scanning techniques using electronic images suggest which of the following statements is true?a. All criminals have low levels of testosterone.b. Both violent criminals and substance abusers have impairment in the pre-frontal lobe. c. Female inmates show lower levels of synopsis activity than men.d. Latinos have higher rates of androgens in the cerebral cortex than non-Latinos.

Q: Most ethical codes specify that therapists should: a. be available to their clients even when they are on vacation. b. inform clients that their records are inaccessible to them. c. inform clients that a diagnosis can become a permanent part of their file and have ramifications in terms of cost of insurance, long-term insurability, and employment. d. alter case notes that are damaging to the client if they are subpoenaed into court.

Q: What is the study of brain activity?a. psychology b. neurophysiologicalc. pathology d. evolutionary criminology

Q: The definition of a minor varies from state to state; however: a. all states agree a minor is under 18. b. all states agree on the age a minor can consent to their own health care in all circumstances. c. all states agree minors are incapable of consenting to any and all health care due to lack of maturity. d. the upper range is 18 to 21 years of age, although some states authorize 16-year-olds to consent to their own health care in some circumstances.

Q: Written consent forms should NOT include:a. a discussion of how a managed care system will affect the treatment, if applicable.b. a detailed description of what will occur in therapy and a guarantee that the client will resolve their issues. c. a statement describing the counselor's theoretical orientation and how this will affect treatment.d. clarification pertaining to fees and charges and procedures for filing for insurance reimbursement.

Q: Because providing counseling services over the Internet (also known as remote services or distance counseling) is relatively new and controversial, a host of legal questions will NOT be addressed until:a. the APA meets again to update the DSM. b. the next ACA annual conference.c. lawsuits are filed pertaining to its use, or misuse, in counseling practice. d. clients are interviewed about the effectiveness of online counseling.

Q: Locations with the highest concentrations of lead also report the highest levels of a. suicide b. ADHDc. mercury d. homicide

Q: According to Diana Fishbin, there is an association between and elevated levels of female aggression. a. diet b. divorcec. menstruation d. pregnancy

Q: ______, the most abundant androgen, has been linked to criminality. a. Testosterone b. Estrogenc. Serotonin d. Monoamine

Q: Informed consent generally implies that the person:a. does not have the capacity to consent. b. has verbally given consent.c. has been persuaded or coerced to sign the consent form.d. has the capacity to consent and has freely, without undue influence, expressed consent.

Q: A set of knowledge and skills that are essential to the culturally skilled practitioner are called:a. coursework.b. culturally appropriate strategies. c. multicultural competencies.d. multicultural relationship.

Q: Brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities (whether intentional or unintentional) that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of other races is the definition of:a. racial microaggressions. b. cultural diversity.c. cultural pluralism.d. social justice work.

Q: Biosocial research has found that abnormal levels of male sex hormones, known as______, do in fact produce aggressive behavior.a. antigens b. androgens c. estrogens d. peptides

Q: Which of the following is NOT considered to contribute to a healthy diet and, thus, good mental health and well- adjusted behavior patterns?a. polyunsaturated fatty acids b. mineralsc. vitamins d. heavy metals such as lead and mercury

Q: Cultural differences are:a. objective, simple, and apathetic. b. objective, complex, and dynamic. c. subjective, simple, and apathetic. d. subjective, complex, and dynamic.

Q: Children with childhood disabilities such as autism and ADHD; children with the cumulative lifestyle factors that lead to obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and cancers; and people with chronic medical, physical, and mental disabilities are part of the:a. mental health workers community. b. disability community.c. gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender community. d. social justice community.

Q: Diet, hormones, and contaminants are the causes of behavior in the perspective. a. biochemical b. neurophysiologicalc. genetic d. evolutionary

Q: Biological explanations of crime reemerged in the early_____with the publication of Sociobiology by Edmond O. Wilson.a. 1950s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s

Q: Socio-biologists view all EXCEPT which one of the following factors as being mutually interdependent?a. biology b. environment c. learning d. ecology

Q: The standards established by the ___________________require that programs provide curricular and experiential offerings in multicultural and pluralistic trends, including characteristics within and among diverse groups nationally and internationally.a. American Psychological Associationb. National Association for Social Workersc. Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP)d. Canadian Counseling Association

Q: The concepts of unintentional racism and microaggressions are related and usually involve:a. training in multicultural and social justice perspectives for both the therapist and client. b. exploring in-depth the meaning behind the cultural differences.c. flexibility and understanding on the therapist's part.d. demeaning implications perpetrated against clients on the basis of their race, gender, sexual orientation, or ability status.

Q: reflects the view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits. a. Rational choice b. Trait theoryc. Social structure theory d. Labeling theory

Q: Neither the clients' and therapists' ___________________nor the interactions between the two, were significantly associated with the clients' perceptions of their therapists' level of multicultural competency.a. ethnicityb. multiculturalism c. cultural empathyd. unintentional racism

Q: The male hormone testosterone is linked to criminality. a. Trueb. False

Q: People with chronic medical, physical, and mental disabilities represent:a. the second largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States. b. the largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States.c. the smallest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States. d. a diminishing minority and disadvantaged group in the United States.

Q: The__________________'s ethics code indicates that part of competence implies understanding diversity. a. NASWb. Canadian Counseling Association c. APAd. Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors

Q: The research on biochemical theories focuses on twin and sibling behavior. a. Trueb. False

Q: Errors in cognition and information processing have been used to explain the behaviors of child abusers. a. Trueb. False

Q: Many _______________ have difficulty acknowledging race-related issues because they stir up guilt feelings about their privileged status and threaten their self-image as moral, fair, and decent human beings.a. White Americansb. Mexican Americans c. Asian Americansd. African Americans

Q: In the _______________'s code of ethics, cultural competence and recognition of social diversity are clearly linked to ethical practice.a. APAb. Canadian Counseling Associationc. Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors d. NASW

Q: Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. It is important to understand that homosexuality and bisexuality are not indicative of mental illness. b. To date, the APA has not developed a separate set of guidelines for psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. c. The ethics codes of the ACA, the APA, and the NASW clearly state that discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is unethical and unacceptable. d. Therapists have an ethical obligation to confront their personal prejudices, myths, fears, and stereotypes regarding sexual orientation.

Q: _____________is a perception of reality based on a very limited set of cultural experiences. a. Cultural awarenessb. Ethnicityc. Microaggressionsd. Cultural tunnel vision

Q: ___________refers to a practitioner's level of awareness, knowledge, and interpersonal skill needed to function effectively in a pluralistic society and to intervene on behalf of clients from diverse backgrounds.a. Cultural encapsulation b. Multicultural skill-levelc. Cultural diversity competence d. Interpersonal cognizance

Q: Both extroverts and introverts are at risk for antisocial behaviors. a. Trueb. False

Q: Behaviorists view aggression as an inherited behavior. a. Trueb. False

Q: ___________________refers to individual differences on a number of variables that place clients at risk for discrimination based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, or socioeconomic status.a. Diversityb. Multipluralismc. Discriminatory variables d. Oppression