Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Counseling
Q:
Beth was a victim of childhood physical and sexual abuse. She is now 40 years old and is a well-respected journalist who works for a nationally known magazine. She also travels around the country speaking to crime victims.Beth's progression from child victim to advocate of victims may best be explained by an increase in hera. school scholarshipsb. incomec. aged. institutional support
Q:
According to routine activities theory which of the following is considered a motivated offender?a. addict population b. casual offendersc. those living in poverty d. juveniles
Q:
According to the routine activities theory, all of the following are considered a capable guardian EXCEPT:a. police officers b. homeownersc. security systems d. teenage boys
Q:
Which victimization theory promotes that victimization risk is related to neighborhood crime rates?a. victim precipitation b. lifestylec. deviant placed. routine activities
Q:
Surveys reveal that percent of the general public have been victimized by crime at least once in their lives. a. 25b. 55 c. 75 d. 95
Q:
According to the research, how many of all U.S. households contain guns?a. one-tenth b. one-fourth c. one-thirdd. one-half
Q:
The most controversial element of the victims' rights movement is thea. removal of witness protection programs.b. development of offender registration laws. c. creation of restitution programs.d. unconstitutional nature of victim impact statements.
Q:
Mediated face-to-face encounters between victims and their attackers that are designed to produce restitution agreements are calleda. recidivist prevention programs. b. trial diversion programs.c. victim-offender reconciliation programs. d. alternative dispute resolution programs.
Q:
_____programs assist victims who feel isolated and vulnerable and who are in need of immediate or emergency services.a. Crisis supportb. Crisis intervention c. Victim intervention d. Victim services
Q:
Counselors who help victims to understand the operations of the criminal justice system, who guide victims through the justice process, and who may provide transportation to and from court are calleda. victim advisors.b. victim reconcilers. c. victim advocates.d. victim compensators.
Q:
Victim compensation is financial aid awarded to victims to repay them for loss and injury. Who ordinarily pays compensation?a. victim advocates b. the offenderc. the federal government d. the state
Q:
According to Cohen and Felson, why did crime rates increase between 1960 and 1980?a. Because unemployment rose resulting in an increase in motivated offenders.b. Because the amount of suburban neighborhoods decreased resulting in a population shift to urban neighborhoods.c. Because a demographic bulge in the population resulted in an increased number of motivated offenders. d. Because guardians decreased as a result of increased female participation in the workforce.
Q:
The view that victimization results from the interaction of three everyday factors: the availability of suitable targets, the absence of capable guardians, and the presences of motivated offenders is calleda. victim precipitation theory. b. routine activities theory.c. life-style theory.d. deviant place theory.
Q:
According to deviant place theory, the greater their exposure to dangerous places, the more likely people will become victims of crime and violence. Which factor does not characterize a deviant/dangerous place?a. a highly transient neighborhoodb. a neighborhood with educational and residential properties c. a poor neighborhoodd. a neighborhood with commercial and residential properties
Q:
What category of victim precipitation occurs when the victim exhibits some personal characteristic that unknowingly either threatens or encourages the attacker?a. impulsive precipitation b. passive precipitationc. reflexive precipitation d. active precipitation
Q:
Research on males and females indicates a strong association between victimization and which personality characteristic?a. stubbornness b. impulsivityc. tenacityd. depression
Q:
Which victimization theory claims that victims may initiate, either actively or passively, the confrontation that leads to their victimization?a. victim precipitation theory b. deviant place theoryc. victim impulsivity theory d. routine activities theory
Q:
Tom has been repeatedly victimized while wearing the home team's football jersey while sitting on the visiting team's side of the football field. What aspect of repeat victimization accounts for Tom's troubles?a. target vulnerability b. target gratifiability c. target hostilityd. target antagonism
Q:
______refers to a victim's physical weakness or psychological stress that renders them incapable of resisting or deterring crime.a. Target vulnerability b. Group vulnerability c. Target weaknessd. Vulnerable target
Q:
Victimization risk is influenced by marital status. Which of the following groups has the lowest rate of victimization?a. widowers and divorced people b. widows and widowersc. widows and single people d. divorced and single people
Q:
The elderly are most often victims of a narrow band of crimes that includes a. robberies.b. burglaries. c. frauds.d. assaults.
Q:
Victim risk diminishes rapidly after age a. 25b. 30 c. 35 d. 40
Q:
______is significantly related to female violent victimization rates. a. economic inequalityb. school inequalityc. religious inequality d. discipline inequality
Q:
Gender affects victimization risk. Which of the following is a significant gender difference?a. Men are less likely to be victims of violent crime. b. Women are more likely to be victims of robbery.c. Women are more likely to be victimized by a stranger.d. Women are more likely to be victimized by someone they know.
Q:
Females are more likely than males to be victims of rape and sexual assault. a. two timesb. four times c. six times d. ten times
Q:
Which of the following households is most vulnerable to crime?a. a rented urban home in the west b. an owned rural home in the westc. a rented suburban home in the east d. an owned rural home in the east
Q:
Why are schools the locale of a great deal of victimization? a. Because schools lack adult supervision during class times. b. Because schools are populated by teenage males.c. Because schools lack adult supervision during lunch hours. d. Because schools are populated by antisocial teens
Q:
People living in rural areas have a victimization rate almost than that of city dwellers. a. 25 percent higherb. 50 percent higher c. 25 percent lower d. 50 percent lower
Q:
Referencing the social ecology of victimization, in general, where is a violent crime more likely to take place?a. in a post office b. in a schoolc. in a private home d. in a park
Q:
Victims of crime, especially childhood abuse, are more likely to commit crime themselves. This abuse-crime phenomenon is termeda. the cycle of abuse. b. the cycle of crime.c. the cycle of violence.d. the cycle of victimization.
Q:
Being abused or neglected as a child the odds of being arrested, both as a juvenile and as an adult. a. decreasesb. increasesc. initially increases then decreases d. does not impact
Q:
Some victims, especially , develop a persistent and paralyzing fear that they will be re-victimized. a. womenb. elderlyc. teenagersd. property crime victims
Q:
The treatment rape survivors receive from legal, medical, and mental health services is sometimes so destructive that victims cannot help feelinga. "re-tried"b. "re-blamed" c. "re-raped"d. "re-pained"
Q:
The average cost of a larceny is estimated to be:a. $100b. $2,000 c. $10,000 d. $200,000
Q:
The long-term stress associated with crime victimization resulting in depression, anxiety, flashbacks, and recurring nightmares is calleda. post-traumatic stress disorder. b. disassociation disorder.c. psychosis anxiety.d. victimization anxiety.
Q:
What discovery prompted the scientific study of victims?a. the discovery that society focuses on the offender's role in the crime process b. the discovery that victims play an important role in the crime processc. the discovery that the crime process is skewed toward offenders d. the discovery that the crime process is skewed toward victims
Q:
According to target vulnerability, having attractive possessions may make one vulnerable to predatory crime. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Older, married people are more often targets than younger, single people. a. Trueb. False
Q:
A way for young males to avoid victimization is to limit their male friends and have more female friends. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Women in college face the risk of sexual assault at a higher rate than women in the general population. a. Trueb. False
Q:
According to the routing activities theory, teenagers are considered capable guardians. a. Trueb. False
Q:
There has been a decline in domestic violence cases during the past decade. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Reconciliation programs are based on the concept of restorative justice. a. Trueb. False
Q:
People with high-risk lifestyles have a lower risk of victimization. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Households that have experienced victimization in the past are the least likely to experience victimization again in the future.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Males are more likely than females to be the victims of violent crime. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The poorest Americans are also the most likely victims of violent and property crimes. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Schools are the locale of a great deal of victimization because they are populated by a dangerous segment of society, teenage males.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Approximately two-thirds of rapes and sexual assaults occur between the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Males are more likely than females to be victimized by someone they know. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Victims tend to be passive people who rarely become involved in crime themselves. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Psychological disorders are prevalent among victims of domestic violence. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Children who are psychologically, sexually, or physically abused are more likely to suffer low self-esteem and be more suicidal as adults.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Some victims, especially the elderly, the poor, and minority group members, develop a persistent and paralyzing fear that they will again become victimized.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Explain the concept of "early onset" and discuss the factors that cause chronicity.
Q:
Describe Wolfgang, Figlio, and Sellin's cohort studies and discuss the findings that emerged from their pioneering research.
Q:
Several factors explain gender differences in the crime rate. Identify and discuss these factors.
Q:
Discuss the age structure of society and the concept of "aging-out." How do age and aging-out impact crime rates?
Q:
Discuss the reasons why crime may be considered a lower-class phenomenon. Why factors contribute to this view?
Q:
Explain how the economy, abortion, gun availability, and drug use influence crime patterns and crime rates.
Q:
Patterns in the crime rate seem to be linked to temporal and ecological factors. Identify and discuss these factors.
Q:
What do the UCR and NCVS indicate about the recent trends in crime rates? Include violent and property crimes in your response.
Q:
Identify and discuss the problems associated with the validity of crime data collection using victimization surveys and self-report studies.
Q:
Compare and contrast the Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization Survey. What are the differences in the way data are collected for these primary crime data sources?
Q:
The unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession of another is known as__________.
Q:
The_____is a program that collects data on each reported crime incident as an attempt to redesign the UCR statistics.
Q:
Selecting a limited number of people for study as______ of a larger group is referred to as sampling.
Q:
A group of individuals with common features and particular characteristics are referred to as a_____ .
Q:
The National Crime Victimization Survey is conducted by the Justice Department and the______ .
Q:
The_____is the view that women who commit crimes have biological and psychological traits similar to those of men.
Q:
Police-initiated action directed at a suspect or group of suspects based solely on race is______ .
Q:
______crimes are offenses designed to improve the financial or social position of the criminal.
Q:
A_____is a chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses from one neuron to another and can play a role in behavior.
Q:
_____is the phrase used to express the fact that people commit less crime as they mature.
Q:
The police chief recommends to the audience that they should look at other sources to evaluate statistics on crime. He suggests that the participants review the____which is a comprehensive, nationwide survey of victimization in the United States conducted annually by the U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. a. MTFb. NCVS c. NIBRS d. UCR
Q:
The community is concerned that the police department is not deploying their manpower effectively. According to the research, during what months should police staffing be maximized?a. January and February b. March and Aprilc. July and Augustd. November and December
Q:
The police chief explains that there are problems with the UCR crime data. What is the biggest potential problem with the validity of UCR crime data?a. Only violent crimes are counted in the UCR data.b. Only property crimes are counted in the UCR data.c. Many serious crimes are not reported to police and therefore are not counted in the UCR. d. The UCR only counts crimes reported by people 18 years of age or older.
Q:
The theory that explains that some women have biological and psychological traits similar to those of men and thus may be more likely to commit crime is referred to as the:a. anti-feminine hypothesis b. femme-fatale hypothesis c. liberal-feminist hypothesis d. masculinity hypothesis
Q:
The police chief in Anytown, USA is conducting weekly seminars where the residents of his city can come and learn about crime rates, crime trends, and crime patterns in their city. Every week the seminars seem to become more popular. At the most recent seminar, 200 people attended. They had to move the seminar into the city auditorium.At this week's seminar, one of the participants asked the chief of police to comment on crime rates. Which statement below would the chief be able to state with certitude?a. "Speculating about future crime trends is risky because change can occur rapidly."b. "Crime rates will continue to decrease because they have been decreasing for the past 20 years and crime trends move in 40 year cycles."c. "Crime rates will most likely increase because the baby boomer population is increasing."d. "All U.S. cities will experience a decrease in crime rates next year because international crime rates continue to decline."
Q:
One of Martha's children is a 15 year old boy. He is starting high school in the fall. She is concerned that he will start to hang out with the wrong crowd and possibly begin to commit crime. According to the research, the peak age for property crime is believed to be and thus Martha should be mindful of her son's activities.a. 13 b. 14 c. 15 d. 16