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Counseling
Q:
Adlerian views of birth order and family constellation are highly relevant to individuals from all cultural contexts.
Q:
Explain how victim impulsivity is associated with victim precipitation. Why does this personality trait contribute to victimization risk?
Q:
A central goal of Motivational Interviewing is to:
a. access unconscious material in order to bring it into consciousness and work through it.
b. increase internal motivation to change based on the personal goals and values of clients.
c. increase extrinsic motivation.
d. increase social interest.
e. create a new narrative for clients that builds their self-esteem.
Q:
Does prior victimization enhance or reduce the chances of future victimization? Explain how and/or why.
Q:
The role of the leader in solution-focused therapy groups isnot:
a. to set the tone of focusing on solutions.
b. to provide clients with simple solutions to their problems.
c. to create a setting where the client feels resourceful and capable.
d. to skillfully ask questions to guide clients to finding solutions to their problems.
e. to encourage clients to act in the manner they did when their problem was not present.
Q:
Explain what is meant by the term repeat victimization and what factors are associated with repeat victimization.
Q:
In acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), another way to describe the term "acceptance" is:
a. resignation.
b. nonjudgmental awareness.
c. tolerance.
d. approval.
Q:
Social and demographic characteristics distinguish victims from nonvictims. Discuss gender, age, and marital status in terms of victimization risk.
Q:
Adlerians maintain that the priorities we choose arise from our personality strengths.
Q:
Explain the relationship between race/ethnicity and victimization.
Q:
___________________ is rooted in a person-centered philosophy, but it is integrative in that it synthesizes aspects of Gestalt therapy and existential therapy.
a. Emotion-focused therapy
b. Acceptance and commitment therapy
c. The A-B-C model
d. Multimodal therapy
e. Stress inoculation training
Q:
Referencing the social ecology of victimization, when and where is a crime most likely to happen?
Q:
Narrative therapy has been found to be particularly effective with diverse client populations for all of the following reasons except:
a. it was founded in a sociocultural context.
b. it allows clients to tell their unique stories from their perspective.
c. it defines mental health within a social, political, and relational context.
d. it teaches diverse clients to replace their own narratives with ones that conform more closely to the ideals and values of mainstream culture.
Q:
Techniques that differentiate behavioral group therapy from other models of group work include all but:
a. conducting behavioral assessment.
b. collaboratively forming precise treatment goals.
c. a time-limited intervention.
d. providing members with feedback regarding their therapeutic progress.
Q:
Explain why there is a great deal of victimization in schools.
Q:
The concept of lifestyle refers to an individual's core beliefs and assumptions through which the person organizes his or her reality and finds meaning in life events.
Q:
Describe the household that is most likely and least likely to be victimized.
Q:
Describe the relationship between antisocial behavior and victimization.
Q:
Discuss the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on crime victims, and explain how PTSD can lead to a "cycle of violence."
Q:
In dialectical behavior therapy, clients are encouraged to:
a. develop mindfulness skills.
b. explore early painful childhood experiences.
c. change their behaviors.
d. develop emotion regulation.
e. all of the above
Q:
Identify and discuss the costs of victimization and the problems that victims experience.
Q:
Which of the following is false as it applies to the practice of solution-focused brief therapy?
a. Individuals who come to therapy have the ability to effectively cope with their problems.
b. There are advantages to a positive focus on solutions and on the future.
c. Clients want to change, have the capacity to change, and are doing their best to make change happen.
d. Using techniques in therapy is a way of discounting a client's capacity to find his or her own way.
Q:
If your client wanted to change a behavior, for instance, learning to control smoking, drinking, or eating, which behavioral technique would be most appropriate to employ?
a. systematic desensitization
b. self-management
c. assertion training
d. punishment
Q:
Clients are viewed by Adlerian therapists as "sick" and in need of a cure.
Q:
Discuss how criminologists' views about the role of victims and criminal behavior have changed over time.
Q:
According to research by Finkelhor and Asigian on typologies of victimization, ________________ would refer to an individual who increases his or her risk of victimization by becoming argumentative while drunk.
Q:
According to Finkelhor and Asigian's research on typologies of victimization, __________ refers to the victim having some quality or skill that an offender wants to obtain or use which may increase their chances of victimization.
Q:
Looking at the client from a subjective (rather than an objective) viewpoint is stressed in which therapy approach(es)?
a. narrative
b. existential
c. person-centered
d. Adlerian
e. all of the above
Q:
According to Finkelhor and Asigian's research on typologies of victimization, __________________ refers to the victim's physical weakness or psychological distress rendering the victim incapable of resisting or deterring crime.
Q:
The therapeutic process in solution-focused brief therapy involves:
a. the premise that to some degree clients already know the solutions to their problems.
b. asking clients about those times when their problems were not present or when the problems were less severe.
c. believing that clients are the experts on their own lives.
d. trusting that solutions evolve out of therapeutic conversations and dialogues.
e. all of these
Q:
Self-management strategies include:
a. self-monitoring.
b. self-award.
c. self-contracting.
d. stimulus control.
e. all of these
Q:
Psychological reaction to a highly stressful event which includes symptoms of depression, anxiety, and recurring nightmares is known as ______.
Q:
_______ precipitation is aggressive or provocative behavior of victims that results in their victimization.
Q:
"Fictional finalism" is a term that Adlerians use to describe our attitude in dealing with the social world.
Q:
____ are effective deterrents to crime, such as police or watchful neighbors.
Q:
What type of therapist is most likely to take a 5 to 10 minute break toward the end of each session to formulate feedback for the client?
a. solution-focused therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. narrative therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. psychodynamic therapy
Q:
According to routine activities theory, costly jewelry, expensive cars, and easily transportable goods are considered ______.
Q:
In the solution-oriented approach, which is not considered one of the three basic parts to the structure of summary feedback?
a. compliments
b. a bridge
c. expressing concern
d. suggesting a task
Q:
Victim ______ theory suggests that crime victims may trigger attacks by acting provocatively.
Q:
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) integrates techniques from:
a. multimodal therapy and mindfulness.
b. mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapy.
c. motivational interviewing and mindfulness.
d. Yoga, systematic desensitization, and mindfulness.
Q:
One Adlerian concept is that everything we do is influenced by our style of life.
Q:
Financial aid awarded to crime victims is referred to as ____________.
Q:
In this approach to therapy, clients are assisted to identify, experience, accept, explore, transform, and manage their emotions.
a. emotion-focused therapy
b. motivational interviewing
c. dialectical behavior therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. reality therapy
Q:
________ is provided for victims who feel isolated, vulnerable, and in need of immediate services.
Q:
A victim's ______________ generally includes the right to be present at criminal proceedings.
Q:
All are true of solution-focused brief therapists except that they:
a. have little interest in a client exploring past problems.
b. focus on the client's early childhood experiences.
c. believe that the cause of a problem is not necessarily related to its solution.
d. expect that two clients may have different solutions to the same problem.
Q:
Techniques used in mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy include all but:
a. yoga.
b. flooding.
c. body scan meditation.
d. a present-focused orientation.
Q:
Thecycle of ___________ is the concept that victims of crime, especially victims of childhood abuse, are more likely to commit crimes themselves.
Q:
Criminologists who focus on victims of crime are known as ____________.
Q:
Adler stressed that our desire to strive for perfection is learned from our parents.
Q:
Erik Erikson based his theory on:
a. the role of spirituality in the development of the personality.
b. critical tasks associated with each stage of development.
c. principles of learning theory.
d. birth order and the family constellation.
Q:
All of the following are characteristics shared by the postmodern and person-centered approaches except:
a. the high value of the therapeutic relationship.
b. the belief that are capable of solving their problems.
c. the importance of using specific techniques in therapy.
d. the therapist's sense of caring and respect for their client.
e. the importance of the client defining the goals for therapy.
Q:
______________ is the study of the victim's role in criminal events.
Q:
Christopher is a 17-year-old high school senior who is constantly getting into arguments with his mother. She believes he should have a 9 p.m. curfew and that he should not hang out with certain people in certain neighborhoods. She is fearful he will become a victim of crime. Christopher believes he is a strong man who should not have a curfew and that he can protect himself.
Christopher's mother forbids him from allowing friends come over to his house because she does not trust them. She believes that, because they are teenagers, they will want to use drugs, drink, and possibly even steal from her home. Christopher's mother is classifying teenagers as ______.
a. capable guardians
b. motivated offenders
c. suitable targets
d. suitable offenders
Q:
Christopher is a 17-year-old high school senior who is constantly getting into arguments with his mother. She believes he should have a 9 p.m. curfew and that he should not hang out with certain people in certain neighborhoods. She is fearful he will become a victim of crime. Christopher believes he is a strong man who should not have a curfew and that he can protect himself.One afternoon Christopher is speaking to his friend Johnny on the phone. His mother is secretly listening to their conversation and realizes that Johnny was robbed at the corner store a few blocks from his house. Johnny is trying to recruit Christopher to help him retaliate against his attacker. Johnny knows the attacker is a kid who lives a few blocks away from him. According to the deviant place theory, which term best describes Johnny's desire to retaliate against his attacker?a. Honor codeb. Code of the playgroundc. Prison rulesd. Street code
Q:
All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except for:
a. hypnosis.
b. relaxation training.
c. the development of an anxiety hierarchy.
d. psychoeducation.
Q:
Christopher is a 17-year-old high school senior who is constantly getting into arguments with his mother. She believes he should have a 9 p.m. curfew and that he should not hang out with certain people in certain neighborhoods. She is fearful he will become a victim of crime. Christopher believes he is a strong man who should not have a curfew and that he can protect himself.
Christopher's mother is convinced there are certain places in their community that are deviant because they are home to "demoralized people." All of the following may be considered "demoralized people" except the______.
a. homeless
b. drug addicted
c. mentally ill
d. middle class
Q:
By discussing a client's earliest recollections, an Adlerian counselor hopes to bring unconscious conflicts to the surface.
Q:
Which theorist stressed the view that universal feelings of inferiority and a striving for power are basic components of personality development?
a. Carl Rogers
b. Alfred Adler
c. Albert Ellis
d. Aaron Beck
e. Salvador Minuchin
Q:
Christopher is a 17-year-old high school senior who is constantly getting into arguments with his mother. She believes he should have a 9 p.m. curfew and that he should not hang out with certain people in certain neighborhoods. She is fearful he will become a victim of crime. Christopher believes he is a strong man who should not have a curfew and that he can protect himself.
Christopher is convinced that if he carries a weapon, he will not be victimized. He is trying to convince his mother that when he turns 18, he should be allowed to carry a gun. What does the research say about victimization and carrying a weapon?
a. Males who carried weapons were half as likely to be victimized as those who did not.
b. Males who carried weapons were twice as likely to be victimized as those who did not.
c. Males who carried weapons were three times more likely to be victimized as those who did not.
d. Males who carried weapons were three times less likely to be victimized as those who did not.
Q:
Christopher is a 17-year-old high school senior who is constantly getting into arguments with his mother. She believes he should have a 9 p.m. curfew and that he should not hang out with certain people in certain neighborhoods. She is fearful he will become a victim of crime. Christopher believes he is a strong man who should not have a curfew and that he can protect himself.
According to the lifestyles theory, Christopher should associate with _________ in order to lower his chances of victimization.
a. athletes
b. boys
c. girls
d. college students
Q:
All of the following are techniques used in solution-focused therapy except for:
a. using the reflecting team
b. scaling questions
c. the miracle question
d. formula first session task
e. exception questions
Q:
Beth was a victim of childhood physical and sexual abuse. She is now 40 years old and is a well-respected journalist who works for a nationally known magazine. She also travels around the country speaking to crime victims.According to the social ecology theory of victimization, at what time of the day were the abusive attacks on Beth more likely to take place?a. From 8 a.m. to 10 a.m.b. From 12 p.m. to 2 p.m.c. From 3 p.m. to 6 p.m.d. From 10 p.m. to 12 p.m.
Q:
Behavior therapists tend to:
a. be active and directive.
b. function as consultants.
c. function as problem solvers.
d. all of these
Q:
For Adlerian counselors, techniques are helpful when adapted to the needs of the client.
Q:
Beth was a victim of childhood physical and sexual abuse. She is now 40 years old and is a well-respected journalist who works for a nationally known magazine. She also travels around the country speaking to crime victims.Beth wrote an article about the cycle of _____________, which explained that victims of childhood abuse are more likely to commit crimes themselves.a. abuseb. crimec. raped. violence
Q:
This approach to psychotherapy stresses choice theory.
a. REBT
b. reality therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
e. Gestalt therapy
Q:
Beth was a victim of childhood physical and sexual abuse. She is now 40 years old and is a well-respected journalist who works for a nationally known magazine. She also travels around the country speaking to crime victims.Beth conducts a lot of research on children of abuse. According to the published research on children who are abused, which of the following is not a likely characteristic of victims?a. Suffer lower self-esteemb. Are more suicidal as adultsc. Are abused as adultsd. Have successful careers
Q:
In the view of the postmodern therapist, the most essential element of therapy is:
a. assessment.
b. the collaborative therapeutic relationship.
c. diagnosis.
d. brief course of treatment.
e. skilled use of techniques.
Q:
Beth was a victim of childhood physical and sexual abuse. She is now 40 years old and is a well-respected journalist who works for a nationally known magazine. She also travels around the country speaking to crime victims.Beth's progression from child victim to advocate for victims may best be explained by an increase in her ______.a. school scholarshipsb. incomec. aged. institutional support
Q:
Surveys reveal that ____ percent of the general public have been victimized by crime at least once in their lives.
a. 25
b. 55
c. 75
d. 95
Q:
What would be the most accurate way of describing mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) to a friend or colleague?
a. MBSR consists of the notion that much of our distress and suffering results from continually wanting things to be different from how they actually are.
b. MBSR aims to assist people in learning how to live more fully in the present rather than ruminating about the past or being overly concerned about the future.
c. MBSR does not actively teach cognitive modification techniques, nor does it label certain cognitions as "dysfunctional," because this is not consistent with the nonjudgmental attitude one strives to cultivate in mindfulness practice.
d. The approach adopted in the MBSR program is to develop the capacity for sustained directed attention through formal meditation practice.
e. All of these.
Q:
Adlerians emphasize reeducating people and reshaping society.
Q:
According to the research, how many of all U.S. households contain guns?
a. One-tenth
b. One-fourth
c. One-third
d. One-half
Q:
Logotherapy is a branch of this approach.
a. cognitive behavior therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. existential therapy
e. family systems therapy
Q:
The most controversial element of the victims' rights movement is the ______.
a. removal of witness protection programs
b. development of offender registration laws
c. creation of restitution programs
d. unconstitutional nature of victim impact statements
Q:
Donna feels certain that no one will ever want to hire her because she has a timid personality. Her solution-oriented therapist would be most inclined to:
a. explore her early childhood experiences with being rejected.
b. consider her irrational belief to be indicative of psychopathology.
c. ask Donna to examine another side of the story she is presenting about herself and think of times when she was accepted by others.
d. prescribe medication for her anxiety issues.
Q:
Mediated face-to-face encounters between victims and their attackers that are designed to produce restitution agreements are called _____ programs.
a. recidivist prevention
b. trial diversion
c. victim"offender reconciliation
d. alternative dispute resolution
Q:
_____ programs assist victims who feel isolated and vulnerable and who are in need of immediate or emergency services.
a. Crisis support
b. Crisis intervention
c. Victim intervention
d. Victim services
Q:
Counselors who help victims to understand the operations of the criminal justice system, who guide victims through the justice process, and who may provide transportation to and from court are called victim _____.
a. advisors
b. reconcilers
c. advocates
d. compensators