Q&A Hero

Q: The ___________ is a program that collects data on each reported crime incident as an attempt to redesign the UCR statistics.

Q: Selecting a limited number of people for study as _____ of a larger group is referred to as sampling.

Q: A group of individuals with common features and particular characteristics is referred to as a(n) ____________.

Q: What is not a part of the steps in a self-directed change program? a. exploration of one's family constellation b. selection of specific goals c. self-monitoring d. self-reinforcement procedures e. working out a plan for change

Q: Who is primarily credited with popularizing and extending Adler's work by applying Adlerian principles to group work? a. Don Dinkmeyer b. Erik Erikson c. H. L. Ansbacher d. Raymond Corsini e. Rudolph Dreikurs

Q: This approach has been successfully applied to encounter groups, school settings, and political movements. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. REBT c. behavior therapy d. person-centered therapy e. existential therapy

Q: The National Crime Victimization Survey is conducted by the Justice Department and the _______.

Q: The police chief in Anytown, USA, is conducting weekly seminars where the residents of his city can come and learn about crime rates, crime trends, and crime patterns in their city. Every week the seminars seem to become more popular. At the most recent seminar, 200 people attended. They had to move the seminar into the city auditorium. The police chief recommends to the audience that they should look at other sources to evaluate statistics on crime.He suggests that the participants review the _______________, which is a comprehensive, nationwide survey of victimization in the United States conducted annually by the U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. a. MTF b. NCVS c. NIBRS d. UCR

Q: The police chief in Anytown, USA, is conducting weekly seminars where the residents of his city can come and learn about crime rates, crime trends, and crime patterns in their city. Every week the seminars seem to become more popular. At the most recent seminar, 200 people attended. They had to move the seminar into the city auditorium. The community is concerned that the police department is not deploying its manpower effectively. According to the research, during what months should police staffing be maximized? a. January and February b. March and April c. July and August d. November and December

Q: A feminist therapist generally does not expect the client to assume responsibility for making internal or external changes.

Q: The police chief in Anytown, USA, is conducting weekly seminars where the residents of his city can come and learn about crime rates, crime trends, and crime patterns in their city. Every week the seminars seem to become more popular. At the most recent seminar, 200 people attended. They had to move the seminar into the city auditorium. The police chief explains that there are problems with the UCR crime data. What is the biggest potential problem with the validity of UCR crime data? a. Only violent crimes are counted in the UCR data. b. Only property crimes are counted in the UCR data. c. Many serious crimes are not reported to police and therefore are not counted in the UCR. d. The UCR only counts crimes reported by people 18 years of age or older.

Q: Phil has been in behavior therapy to address his fear of heights. The treatment will not be considered complete until: a. Phil transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes actual steps to confront his fear. b. Phil agrees to take up sky diving as a hobby. c. Phil has absolutely no fear of heights, which may be measured by his willingness to move to one of the top floors of a skyscraper. d. Phil acknowledges his fear.

Q: One contribution of Adlerian therapy is that: a. practitioners are given a great deal of freedom in working with their clients. b. it offers a well-defined theory of personality. c. many of its concepts have been supported by research. d. it is a common-sense psychology.

Q: This model of therapy has strong empirical support for the effective treatment of phobias. a. behavior therapy b. Gestalt therapy. c. psychoanalytic therapy. d. person-centered therapy. e. family systems therapy.

Q: The police chief in Anytown, USA, is conducting weekly seminars where the residents of his city can come and learn about crime rates, crime trends, and crime patterns in their city. Every week the seminars seem to become more popular. At the most recent seminar, 200 people attended. They had to move the seminar into the city auditorium. The question is asked of the police chief present of "Why do some women commit more crime than men?" The theory best at explaining why some women have biological and psychological traits similar to those of men and thus may be more likely to commit crime is referred to as the _____ hypothesis. a. antifeminine b. femme-fatale c. liberal feminist d. masculinity

Q: The police chief in Anytown, USA, is conducting weekly seminars where the residents of his city can come and learn about crime rates, crime trends, and crime patterns in their city. Every week the seminars seem to become more popular. At the most recent seminar, 200 people attended. They had to move the seminar into the city auditorium. At this week's seminar, one of the participants asked the chief of police to comment on crime rates. Which statement below would the chief be able to state with certitude? a. "Speculating about future crime trends is risky because change can occur rapidly." b. "Crime rates will continue to decrease because they have been decreasing for the past 20 years and crime trends move in 40-year cycles." c. "Crime rates will most likely increase because the baby boomer population is increasing." d. "All U.S. cities will experience a decrease in crime rates next year because international crime rates continue to decline."

Q: Martha is looking to move to a new city to raise her two young children. School quality and crime rates are her two biggest concerns that she will evaluate before deciding on which city to move to. Her employment is flexible in that she works from home. Thus, she is able to work from anywhere in the country. One of Martha's children is a 15-year-old boy. He is starting high school in the fall. She is concerned that he will start to hang out with the wrong crowd and possibly begin to commit crime. According to the research, the peak age for property crime is believed to be ____, and thus Martha should be mindful of her son's activities. a. 13 b. 14 c. 15 d. 16

Q: It is possible to incorporate the principle of feminist therapy with a multicultural perspective.

Q: Which of the following is not true about how behavior therapists function in the therapeutic setting? a. They use techniques such as summarizing, reflection, clarification, and open-ended questioning. b. They focus on specific aspects of problems. c. They systematically assess for information about all aspects of the problem. d. They serve as a model for the client. e. All of these are true.

Q: Adler pioneered the practice of teaching professionals through live demonstrations with parents and children before large audiences. This is now called: a. "open-forum" family counseling. b. spectator therapy. c. "on stage" family therapy. d. "hot seat" family counseling.

Q: Martha is looking to move to a new city to raise her two young children. School quality and crime rates are her two biggest concerns that she will evaluate before deciding on which city to move to. Her employment is flexible in that she works from home. Thus, she is able to work from anywhere in the country. Martha has decided to move to San Francisco, California. She decides to attend a neighborhood watch meeting where members of the local police department are speaking. They are explaining the crime trends over the past 30 years. Which of the following is accurate information concerning the crimerates? a. Crime rates peaked in the 1970s and have been in sharp decline ever since. b. Crime rates peaked in the 1980s and have been in sharp decline ever since. c. Crime rates peaked in the 1990s and have been in sharp decline ever since. d. Crime rates peaked in the 2000s and have been in sharp decline ever since.

Q: Martha is looking to move to a new city to raise her two young children. School quality and crime rates are her two biggest concerns that she will evaluate before deciding on which city to move to. Her employment is flexible in that she works from home. Thus, she is able to work from anywhere in the country. Martha has narrowed her choices to New York, NY in the Northeast, San Francisco, CA in the West, Miami, FL in the South, and Ann Arbor, MI in the Midwest. Based on the research on the ecology of crime, which of these cities would most likely have the highest crime rate? a. New York b. San Francisco c. Miami d. Ann Arbor

Q: Martha is looking to move to a new city to raise her two young children. School quality and crime rates are her two biggest concerns that she will evaluate before deciding on which city to move to. Her employment is flexible in that she works from home. Thus, she is able to work from anywhere in the country. Martha is particularly concerned with drug offenses and vandalism in the community that she will move to. These types of offenses are ____ crimes, according to the official crime records. a. Part I b. Part II c. Violent d. Juvenile

Q: Skillful use of questioning is central to this model of brief therapy. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. solution-focused therapy c. person-centered therapy d. Gestalt therapy e. existential therapy

Q: Traditional theories of counseling consider external circumstances and environmental factors at the root of psychological problems.

Q: Martha is looking to move to a new city to raise her two young children. School quality and crime rates are her two biggest concerns that she will evaluate before deciding on which city to move to. Her employment is flexible in that she works from home. Thus, she is able to work from anywhere in the country. Martha calls many police departments around the country, seeking information about their crime statistics. One particular police department recommends that she look at the published reports developed by the FBI, which compared cities and crime statistics per 100,000 residences. What report should she look at? a. ATF b. UCR c. NCVS d. DRS-II

Q: Which of the following is not mentioned as a predictive factor for chronicity? a. Beginning lawbreaking at an early age b. Single-parent households c. Low intellectual development d. Parental drug involvement

Q: B. F. Skinner is associated with which of the following trends in the behavioral approach? a. classical conditioning b. operant conditioning c. multimodal therapy d. dialectical behavior therapy e. relaxation training

Q: According to the research on chronic offenders, punishment was ___________ related to chronic offending. a. conditionally b. contrapositively c. conversely d. inversely

Q: Which of these statements is not true about Alfred Adler? a. Along with Freud and Jung, Alfred Adler was a major contributor to the initial development of the psychodynamic approach to therapy. b. After resigning as president of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, Adler founded the Society for Individual Psychology. c. Alfred Adler has been criticized by intellectuals for failing to give his brother Edmund due credit for helping him develop his theory. d. Adler stresses the unity of personality, contending that people can only be understood as integrated and complete beings. e. None of these.

Q: This theory places central importance on encouragement and community feeling. a. reality therapy b. family systems therapy c. narrative therapy d. person-centered therapy e. Adlerian therapy

Q: Who has become a central focus of crime control policy? a. Chronic offenders b. Elderly offenders c. Mass murderers d. Serial killers

Q: Feminist therapy incorporates techniques from many of the various traditional approaches.

Q: Discovery of the chronic offender has forced criminologists to consider _____ in their explanations of crime. a. marriage and employment b. supervision and control c. persistence and desistence d. age and gender

Q: Wolfgang et al.'s second cohort study tracked males and females. What percentage of chronic offenders consisted of females? a. 1 percent b. 3 percent c. 6percent d. 9 percent

Q: Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling? a. Joseph Wolpe b. Hans Eysenck c. E. Jacobson d. Arnold Lazarus e. Albert Bandura

Q: Adler chose the name ___________________for his theoretical approach because: a. IndividualPsychology; he wanted to avoid reductionism. b. Individual Psychology; someone else had already adopted the name he wanted to use. c. Ego Psychology; he did not want anyone to confuse his approach with Id Psychology. d. Ego Psychology; he emphasized consciousness and deemphasized the power of the instincts.

Q: This approach suggests that mindfulness-based techniques are useful in stress reduction. a. reality therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. family therapy d. behavior therapy e. psychoanalytic therapy

Q: In Wolfgang et al.'s study of male juvenile delinquents, what percentage consisted of chronic offenders? a. 6 percent b. 10 percent c. 16 percent d. 20 percent

Q: Bibliotherapy is frequently used in feminist therapy.

Q: Which neurotransmitter is shown to facilitate aggressive behavior? a. Dopamine b. Melatonin c. Octopamine d. Serotonin

Q: Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of behavior therapy? a. Treatment goals are specific and concrete. b. It is grounded in learning theory. c. Many specific techniques are supported by research. d. The therapist is manipulative and controlling. e. Emphasis is given to observing overt behaviors.

Q: What neurotransmitter is known to limit offensive behavior? a. Dopamine b. Histamine c. Octopamine d. Serotonin

Q: Expressive crimes are committed to ______. a. attain power b. make money c. obtain desired goods d. vent rage

Q: Which of the following is not true about the Adlerian concept of "private logic"? a. It is a result of the feelings and emotions we experience in our daily lives. b. It provides a central psychological unity for us. c. It is the philosophy upon which we base our lifestyle. d. It often does not conform to the reality of social living.

Q: The consequence of a lack of income and other resources, which cumulatively, leads to poverty is known as _____ a. resource deprivation b. instrumental deprivation c. expressive deprivation d. ecology deprivation

Q: This sociocultural therapeutic movement stresses an egalitarian therapeutic relationship and views the client as an expert on his or her own life. a. Adlerian therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. cognitive behavior therapy d. existential therapy e. feminist therapy

Q: Which region of the United States has the highest crime rates? a. Northeast b. Midwest c. South d. West

Q: Feminist therapists work to demystify the counseling relationship.

Q: The majority of murderers use _____________ to commit their murder. a. blunt objects b. firearms c. ropes d. knives

Q: The_____ suggests that as the African American population increases, so does the amount of social control directed at them. This type of racism could account for the higher rates of minority crime in UCR data. a. urban crime theory b. racial threat hypothesis c. racial control hypothesis d. urban threat correlation

Q: Which statement is not true? a. Behavioral and humanistic approaches cannot be reconciled. b. Current behavior therapy is grounded on a deterministic view of persons. c. Behavioral methods can be used to attain humanistic ends. d. Contemporary behavior therapy focuses on how people are determined by their social and cultural environments. e. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with behavioral control.

Q: All of the following would be considered an instrumental crime except a. pawning stolen merchandise b. rape c. selling drugs d. theft

Q: Which of the following aspects are assessed when exploring a client's family constellation? a. birth order b. interactions between siblings and parents c. the child's psychological position in the family d. all of the above

Q: A goal of this approach is eliminating maladaptive behavior patterns through employing techniques of acceptance and commitment to change. a. Gestalt therapy b. person-centered therapy c. behavior therapy d. existential therapy e. psychoanalytic therapy

Q: Feminist therapists avoid sharing their values with clients in order to reduce the chance of value imposition.

Q: The view of crime suggesting that the social and economic roles of women in society control their crime rates is termed ______. a. liberation theory b. the femininity hypothesis c. the masculinity hypothesis d. liberal feminist theory

Q: Crime peaks in adolescence and then declines rapidly thereafter. What is the peak age for property crime? a. 14 b. 16 c. 18 d. 20

Q: What biological process accounts for desistance and aging out? a. The level of hormone activity in the brain b. The end of growth spurts c. Better diets d. Energy decline

Q: In the ABC model, the A stands for: a. arbitrary behaviors b. antecedents c. actions d. assessment

Q: UCR data associate social class with crime, indicating higher crime rates in inner-city, high-poverty areas. An alternative explanation for the association between social class and crime is ____, not actual criminal behavior patterns. a. social stereotyping b. population diversity c. law enforcement practices d. unemployment and underemployment

Q: People living in poverty are believed to engage in disproportionate amounts of _____ crimes, such as rape and assault, as a result of their rage, anger, and frustration against society. a. deliberate b. expressive c. instrumental d. defensive

Q: Referring to the ecology of crime, which of the following settings has the highest violent crime rate? a. An urban area in the northeast b. A rural area in northeast c. An urban area in the south d. A rural area in the south

Q: Referring to the ecology of crime, which statement about crime and temperature is accurate? a. Crime increases as temperature increases. b. Crime decreases as temperature increases. c. Crime and temperature are inversely related. d. Crime and temperature show no relationship.

Q: In helping clients to examine their mistaken goals and faulty assumptions, an Adlerian therapist does not use: a. encouragement. b. challenge and confrontation. c. open-ended interpretations. d. interpretation of the transference relationship.

Q: Franklin Zimring and Gordon Hawkins believe the _____ is the single most significant factor separating the crime problem in the United States from that of the rest of the developed world. a. degree of economic opportunity b. proliferation of handguns c. abortion rate d. immigrant population

Q: Which of the following factors has been the most stable indicator of criminal likelihood? a. Age b. Income c. Race/ethnicity d. Temperature

Q: Clients are viewed from a systemic perspective. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. behavior therapy c. family therapy d. cognitive behavior therapy e. person-centered therapy

Q: Most human trafficking is considered _______, meaning that the origin and the destination of the victim are within the same region of the world. a. intraregional b. interregional c. cross-sectional d. intraracial

Q: Feminist therapists restrict their practices to women clients.

Q: Behavior therapy is suited for: a. individual therapy. b. group therapy. c. institutions and clinics. d. classroom learning situations. e. all of these.

Q: There is evidence that the monumental decision in _____________ in 1973 had a direct impact on crime years later. a. Roe v. Wade b. Bell v. Burton c. Kidd v. Georgia d. Furman v. Georgia

Q: "Fictional finalism" is an Adlerian term meaning: a. the unrealistic ideas that we have about the way life should be. b. our strict adherence to certain beliefs that are not based on reality. c. an imagined central goal that guides our behavior. d. our stubborn resistance to change.

Q: How does today's violent crime rate compare to the violent crime rate in 1991? a. Today's violent crime rate has increased by nearly 20 percent. b. Today's violent crime rate has increased by nearly 50 percent. c. Today's violent crime rate has decreased by nearly 20 percent. d. Today's violent crime rate has decreased by nearly 50 percent.

Q: This model stresses self-evaluation of behavior, personal responsibility, total behavior, and commitment to change. a. psychoanalytic therapy b. person-centered therapy c. family therapy d. existential therapy e. reality therapy

Q: When evaluating the three primary sources of crime data, the crime patterns and trends are ______. a. often quite dissimilar b. often quite similar c. incapable of providing an accurate picture of crime d. not consistent over time

Q: The female therapist may share some of her own struggles with sex role oppression with her client.

Q: According to the Monitoring the Future survey discussed in the text, the crime problem is _____. a. the same as indicated by the UCR b. the same as indicated by the NCVS c. less than the UCR and NCVS indicate d. greater than the UCR and NCVS indicate

Q: Behavior therapists look to the current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental events, through a process called: a. functional assessment. b. motivational interviewing. c. mindfulness-based stress reduction. d. reorientation. e. biofeedback.

Q: The reporting accuracy of self-report studies is affected by the _____ phenomenon. a. "missing cases" b. "overreporting" c. "small cohort" d. "known group"