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Counseling
Q:
Behavior therapy is associated with all but one of the following:
a. empirically supported treatments.
b. functional analysis of behavior.
c. a philosophical view of human behavior.
d. a comprehensive assessment process.
e. operant conditioning.
Q:
The purpose of examining a client's family constellation is:
a. to get a picture of the individual's early social world.
b. to bring unconscious factors to the surface.
c. to discover hereditary aspects of the client's behavior.
d. to determine who else in the family needs help.
Q:
In working with Stan, a solution-focused therapist would most likely utilize the following technique:
a. bibliotherapy
b. assertiveness training
c. cognitive restructuring
d. exception questions
e. the empty chair
Q:
Which of these statements is not true about lesbian feminism?
a. In recent years, lesbian feminism has been enriched through interaction with queer theory.
b. Some individuals identify "lesbian feminism" with 1970s and 1980s movements.
c. Lesbian feminists share commonalities with many aspects of radical feminism.
d. Queer theory and lesbian theory are identical.
Q:
Gestalt group therapists use experiments to encourage clients to move from talking about action to taking action.
Q:
Dr. Jones told Emily that her efforts to overcome her fear of test taking at school will most likely lead her to outperform all of her classmates one day. This intervention:
a. was appropriate because it was intended to bolster Emily's self-esteem and academic self-concept.
b. was inappropriate because Dr. Jones was confusing Adler's notion of superiority with the idea that her client would become superior over others.
c. was not only unethical, it was illegal.
d. was inappropriate because Emily will never be able to outperform her classmates.
Q:
Using a narrative approach to Stan's therapy, one would have the general goal of:
a. exploring the causes of his current problems with women.
b. assisting Stan in the process of reauthoring his life story.
c. uncovering Stan's basic mistakes in his thinking.
d. focusing on eliminating the presenting problem and finding solutions.
e. attempting to restructure the family dynamics.
Q:
Of the following, which is one of the major contributions that feminists have made to the field of counseling?
a. a focus on dealing with family dynamics
b. a focus on exploring the unconscious factors contributing to current problems
c. paving the way for gender-sensitive practice
d. placing the therapeutic relationship at the core of the therapy process
e. assisting clients to increase awareness of here and now experiencing
Q:
Although Perls used a highly confrontational approach in dealing with client avoidance and resistance, the confrontational model is not representative of contemporary Gestalt therapy.
Q:
Which of the statements below about social interest is true?
a. While Adler considered social interest to be innate, he also believed that it must be learned, developed, and used.
b. Adler believed most people to be incapable of developing social interest even though it was something to which they should aspire.
c. In his later years, Adler recanted his beliefs about social interest and focused on addressing unconscious dynamics as the key to mental health.
d. The concept of social interest was originally introduced by Freud, and Adler incorporated it into his theory.
Q:
Which of the following therapists would accept Stan's drinking as the problem and assist him in
deconstructing his alcohol-saturated story and reauthoring a new life story?
a. A solution-oriented therapist
b. A reality therapist
c. A person-centered therapist
d. A narrative therapist
e. A rational emotive behavior therapist
Q:
A feminist therapist is likely to become an advocate for change in the social structure by arguing for:
a. the right to self-determination.
b. the freedom to pursue a career outside the home.
c. the right to an education.
d. equality in power in relationships.
e. all of these
Q:
Fritz Perls' wife Laura stated, "Without the constant support from his friends, and from me, without the constant encouragement and collaboration, Fritz would never have written a line, nor founded anything."
Q:
Which is (are) true concerning one's style of life?
a. All people have a lifestyle, but no two people develop exactly the same style.
b. The lifestyle is largely set by the age of 6.
c. One's style of life is a reaction to perceived inferiority.
d. One's style of life is learned from early interactions in the family.
e. All of these
Q:
Stan acquired his beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applied them inappropriately and broadly in many contexts of his life. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion?
a. arbitrary inferences
b. overgeneralization
c. personalization
d. labeling and mislabeling
e. polarized thinking
Q:
Who is most noted for her contributions to the development of feminist therapy?
a. Miriam Polster
b. Laura Brown
c. Natalie Rogers
d. Laura Perls
e. Michele Weiner-Davis
Q:
In Gestalt terms, awareness refers to our connectedness to our external and internal worlds.
Q:
Adler taught that we must successfully master three universal life tasks. Which of the following is not one of these tasks?
a. building friendships
b. establishing intimacy
c. contributing to society
d. enhancing wellness
Q:
In suggesting that Stan write his father a letter as a homework assignment, Jerry's intent was:
a. to provide an avenue for Stan to continue thinking about the impact his father has had on him and to further promote his work during the week.
b. for Stan to mail the letter and prepare to confront his father in person.
c. to help Stan understand how much he still needs his father.
d. to give Stan the opportunity to show his father what a great writer he is, which would hopefully boost Stan's confidence.
Q:
Of the following, which is not an assumption shared by the cognitive behavioral and feminist therapy approaches?
a. viewing the therapeutic relationship as collaborative
b. assuming that the therapeutic relationship alone is necessary and sufficient to bring about change
c. helping clients to take charge of their own lives
d. commitment to demystifying therapy
e. providing information to clients about how the therapy process works
Q:
Since Gestalt therapy focuses on the here-and-now, the past is neither explored nor given emphasis.
Q:
The psychoanalytic approach provides practitioners with a framework for understanding the origins and functions of symptoms.
Q:
Stan makes conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence. He often engages in catastrophizing, which involves thinking about the worst possible scenario and outcome for a given situation. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion?
a. arbitrary inferences
b. overgeneralization
c. personalization
d. labeling and mislabeling
e. polarized thinking
Q:
All of the following strategies are unique to feminist therapy except for:
a. cognitive restructuring.
b. encouraging clients to take social action.
c. being an advocate in challenging conventional attitudes about roles for women.
d. power analysis and intervention.
e. gender-role analysis and intervention.
Q:
Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is synonymous with Gestalt therapy.
Q:
In psychodynamic group work, symbolic figures from a client's past may emerge.
Q:
Stan frequently engages in thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms. Through this process of dichotomous thinking, Stan has self-defeating labels and boxes that keep him restricted. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion?
a. arbitrary inferences
b. overgeneralization
c. personalization
d. labeling and mislabeling
e. polarized thinking
Q:
Which of the following interventions involves a shift from "blaming the victim" to consideration of social factors in the environment that contribute to a client's problem?
a. paradoxical intention
b. reframing
c. relabeling
d. gender-role analysis
Q:
A current trend in Gestalt therapy is toward greater emphasis on the client/therapist relationship rather than on techniques.
Q:
The working-through process consists of repetitive and elaborate explorations of unconscious material and defenses, most of which originated in early childhood.
Q:
Stan has a tendency to relate external events to himself, even when there is no basis for making these connections. He blamed himself for the incident in which a female classmate did not show up for a lunch date. He agonized over this and convinced himself that she would have been humiliated to be seen in his presence. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion?
a. arbitrary inferences
b. overgeneralization
c. personalization
d. labeling and mislabeling
Q:
The preferred alternative to traditional diagnosis and assessment of feminist therapists is:
a. power analysis.
b. gender role analysis.
c. lifestyle analysis.
d. analysis of transference and resistance.
Q:
People who rely on retroflection tend to inhibit themselves from taking action out of fear of embarrassment, guilt, and resentment.
Q:
Psychodynamic group leaders do not interpret their client's transferences.
Q:
Stan has completed his experience in counseling. Which of the following approaches would be most concerned with evaluating the outcomes of therapy?
a. existential therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. rational emotive behavior therapy
e. the postmodern therapies
Q:
All of the following are reasons many feminist therapists do not use diagnostic labels, or use them reluctantly, except that:
a. diagnostic labels reinforce gender role stereotypes.
b. diagnostic labels reflect the inappropriate application of power in the therapeutic relationship.
c. diagnostic labels focus on the social factors that cause dysfunctional behavior.
d. diagnostic labels encourage adjustment to the norms of the status quo.
Q:
In Gestalt therapy, a client's resistance is welcomed and used to deepen their therapeutic work.
Q:
Brief psychodynamic therapists tend to assume an active role in the therapy process.
Q:
Which of the following therapeutic approaches would place some emphasis on helping Stan with the future?
a. narrative therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. reality therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
e. all of these
Q:
Of the following, which intervention would a feminist therapist probably consider most essential?
a. challenging irrational beliefs
b. making use of the empty-chair technique
c. conducting a lifestyle analysis
d. social action
e. interpretation of resistance
Q:
Retroflection involves doing to others what we would like them to do to us.
Q:
Brief psychodynamic therapies target specific interpersonal problems during the initial session.
Q:
Stan's reality therapist would do all of the following except:
a. explore Stan's quality world.
b. ask him to engage in the process of self-evaluation of his behavior.
c. use the WDEP system.
d. use the A-B-C Model.
e. help him to develop a plan.
Q:
After having a bad therapeutic experience with a mental health professional who pathologized her anxiety over financial issues, Lillian decided to consult with a feminist therapist. How is her new therapist likely to view her anxiety symptoms?
a. as a sign of distress rather than psychopathology
b. as an indication of deficits in her personality
c. as irrational beliefs
d. as a sign of unconscious conflicts that must be worked through
Q:
Blocked energy is a form of defensive behavior.
Q:
The relational model of psychoanalysis downplays the role of countertransference.
Q:
Stan's reality therapist would focus on all of the following except:
a. Stan's positive experiences with his camp supervisor.
b. Stan's negative experiences during his childhood.
c. Stan's wants and perceptions.
d. Stan's future goals.
e. Stan's evaluation pertaining to his drinking.
Q:
Which of the following themes would clients in feminist therapy be least likely to explore?
a. messages received while growing up
b. critically evaluating social dictates and expectations
c. power and control
d. transference reactions toward their therapist
e. external forces influencing behavior
Q:
Gestalt therapies view a client's avoidance behavior as related to unfinished business.
Q:
The relational model of psychoanalysis regards transference as an interactive process between the client and therapist.
Q:
According to a rational emotive behavior therapist, what will not bring about actual changes in Stan's life?
a. doing the hard work of challenging and changing irrational beliefs
b. recognizing ways his faulty beliefs affect what he does and how he feels
c. understanding the A-B-C theory
d. acknowledging the "shoulds" and "oughts" he has accepted
e. waiting for Stan to get in touch with his shadow
Q:
Although feminist therapy shares many of the premises of person-centered therapy, feminist therapy does not agree with the notion that:
a. the therapeutic relationship is, in and of itself, sufficient to produce change.
b. therapy is based on unconditional positive regard and acceptance.
c. the therapeutic relationship should be a non-hierarchical one.
d. therapy aims to empower clients to live according to their own values and to rely on an internal locus of control.
e. therapists should be genuine rather than hiding behind an expert role.
Q:
Most of the Gestalt techniques are designed to intensify one's experiencing.
Q:
Psychoanalysis provides therapists with a conceptual framework for looking at behavior and
understanding the origins and functions of present symptoms.
Q:
What would a rational emotive behavior therapist be least likely to say about Stan's difficulties in life?
a. He will feel better if he learns to think more rationally.
b. He continually reindoctrinates himself with self-defeating sentences.
c. He will feel better when he simply gains insight into the past roots of his problems.
d. All of Stan's "oughts, should, and musts" are getting in his way and need to be disputed.
Q:
All of the following are goals of feminist therapy except for:
a. striving for gender equality.
b. confronting forms of institutional oppression.
c. resolving intrapsychic conflicts from early childhood.
d. helping clients embrace their personal power.
e. freeing clients of gender role socialization.
Q:
Part of success in using Gestalt techniques is contingent upon preparing clients for these techniques.
Q:
The analysis of transference is a central technique in psychoanalysis.
Q:
What technique(s) from behavior therapy might help Stan with his fear of women?
a. systematic desensitization
b. assertion training
c. modeling
d. social skills training
e. all of these
Q:
Which of the following feminist principles implies that what has been typically viewed as individual clients' personal problems are really socially and politically caused?
a. The person is political.
b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian.
c. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored.
d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress.
e. All types of oppression are recognized.
Q:
Gestalt techniques can be considered experiments.
Q:
Resistance, in the analytic view, results from either a conscious unwillingness on the part of the client to cooperate, or from the ineptness of the therapist in developing a sound therapeutic program.
Q:
Which of the following therapists would focus on systemic issues with Stan?
a. A family therapist
b. A Gestalt therapist
c. A psychoanalyst
d. A person-centered therapist
e. A solution-focused therapist
Q:
Which of the following feminist principles recognizes the importance of working against oppression and discrimination on the basis of race, class, culture, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, age, and disability?
a. The person is political.
b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian.
c. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored.
d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress.
e. All types of oppression are recognized.
Q:
Gestalt therapy focuses on the cognitive aspects of therapy.
Q:
Clients in analytic therapy typically free associate to various symbols in their dreams.
Q:
Which one of the following approaches to therapy would pay the least attention to Stan's thought processes?
a. rational emotive behavior therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. reality therapy
e. cognitive-behavioral therapies
Q:
Which of the feminist principles views the therapist as simply another source of information, rather than as the expert in the therapy process?
a. The person is political.
b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian.
c. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored.
d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress.
e. All types of oppression are recognized.
Q:
Gestaltists typically ask why questions in the attempt to get clients to think about the source of their problems.
Q:
Analytically oriented therapists typically interpret free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences.
Q:
The Gestalt approach to helping Stan resolve issues from his past would involve:
a. asking him to bring these significant people to future therapy sessions.
b. talking in detail about past experiences.
c. interpreting his dreams by using universal symbolism.
d. reliving and reexperiencing painful scenes.
e. examining Stan's stages of development for fixations.
Q:
Stephanie, who believes strongly in feminist principles, is working in an agency that requires therapists to diagnose their clients using the DSM. Stephanie is likely to consider which of the following questions?
a. Does my client suffer from Axis I or Axis II psychopathology?
b. Who benefits from using this label? How might this label contribute to disempowering the person to whom it is assigned?
c. If my client is diagnosed with a personality disorder, will the insurance company cover long-term treatment?
d. When is the next DSM being published? I can hardly wait. What a great read!
Q:
The goal of Gestalt therapy is to solve basic problems, to resolve one's polarities, and to help the individual to adjust to his or her environment.
Q:
Free association is one of the basic tools used to gain access to the unconscious.
Q:
Which of the following Gestalt techniques would help Stan deal with his unfinished business concerning his ex-wife?
a. having him "speak" to her in the present
b. "staying with the feeling"
c. the rehearsal experiment
d. all of these
Q:
Feminist therapists, regardless of their philosophical orientation, believe all of the following except that:
a. gender is at the core of therapeutic practice.
b. human development and interaction are similar across races, cultures, and nations.
c. understanding a client's problems requires adopting a sociocultural perspective.
d. the client-therapist relationship should be an egalitarian one.
e. empowerment of the individual and societal changes are core goals of therapy.
Q:
One of the contributions of Gestalt therapy is the vast empirical research that has been done to validate the specific techniques used.
Q:
All analytically oriented therapists subscribe to the model of the "anonymous therapist" or the "blank screen" as a necessary way to foster transference.
Q:
Which therapeutic approach would work to help Stan recognize, claim, and embrace his personal power?
a. narrative therapy
b. rational emotive behavior therapy
c. reality therapy
d. feminist therapy
e. existential therapy
Q:
What do the four feminist philosophies (liberal, cultural, radical, and socialist feminism) have in common?
a. the same view of the sources of oppression of women
b. the same methods of bringing about societal change
c. the same goal of activism
d. a basic agreement that the therapist is the expert
e. a basic agreement on the value of diagnosis in counseling