Q&A Hero

Q: Gestalt therapy is designed for individual counseling, and it typically does not work well in groups.

Q: Analytic therapists view transference as a factor that results from ineffective intervention on the therapist's part.

Q: Which therapeutic approach would place the least emphasis on having Stan explore his feelings about his ex-wife? a. psychoanalytic therapy b. behavior therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. person-centered therapy

Q: From the perspective of feminist therapy, the socialization of women inevitably affects their: a. identity development. b. self-concept. c. goals and aspirations. d. emotional well-being. e. all of these

Q: Since Gestalt therapists believe that questions have a tendency to keep the questioner hidden, safe, and unknown, they often ask clients to change their questions into statements.

Q: The Oedipal complex and the Electra complex are associated with the genital stage of development.

Q: According to a person-centered therapist, the most important aspect of therapy with Stan will be: a. the therapeutic relationship. b. the exploration of his past. c. putting insights into action. d. teaching him to think in new, positive ways. e. conducting a power analysis.

Q: Reality therapy gives only limited attention to helping people address environmental and social problems.

Q: The Gestalt approach to dream work consists of the therapist interpreting the meaning of the symbols in the dream.

Q: The latency stage occurs between the ages of 5 to 12.

Q: Stan's person-centered therapist would see him as a man who: a. needs help in setting goals. b. has unresolved issues from his past. c. must face the fact that he is ultimately alone. d. needs to learn to live with his anxiety. e. possesses the necessary resources for personal growth.

Q: Regarding group work, members provide one another with feedback regarding their choices and plans.

Q: According to Perls, awareness of and by itself is not sufficient to lead to change; clients must also put their experiences into some type of cognitive framework if change is to happen.

Q: The phallic stage typically occurs during the ages of 1 to 3.

Q: The therapy approach most likely to focus directly on helping Stan to stop using alcohol and drugs would be: a. person-centered therapy. b. Gestalt therapy. c. behavior therapy. d. existential therapy. e. psychoanalytic therapy.

Q: Robert Wubbolding stresses the importance of an engaging therapeutic environment.

Q: Gestalt therapy makes use of a wide variety of techniques that are designed to increase the client's awareness of his or her present experiencing.

Q: According to Freudians, greediness and hoarding may develop as a result of not getting oral needs properly met.

Q: How might an existential therapist work with Stan's depression and suicidal thoughts? a. by examining his faulty belief system b. by confronting Stan with the issue of finding meaning and purpose in his life c. by using active listening and reflection as Stan talks about his feelings d. by determining the nature of his shadow

Q: The SAMIC3 plan is an essential part of the evaluation phase of the WDEP system.

Q: Both contact and withdrawal are necessary and important to healthy functioning.

Q: During the anal stage, children typically experience a range of negative feelings, including rage, hate, and hostility.

Q: A therapist who asks Stan where his tension is located in his body and who encourages him to "be that feeling" is aligned theoretically with which model of therapy? a. the feminist approach b. the Gestalt approach c. family systems therapy d. cognitive therapy e. brief psychodynamic therapy

Q: It is the job of the reality therapist to convey the idea that no matter how bad things are there is hope.

Q: Therapy is based upon the successful resolution of the transference relationship.

Q: The major developmental task of the anal stage is acquiring a sense of trust.

Q: Which therapeutic approach would focus on gender-role analysis and gender-role socialization with Stan? a. strategic family therapy b. Adlerian therapy c. feminist therapy d. existential therapy e. narrative therapy

Q: Reality therapy is often used in treating drug and alcohol abusers.

Q: A Gestalt therapist pays attention to ways the client uses language.

Q: Freud postulated the theory of infantile sexuality.

Q: Which therapeutic approach is likely to use interventions with Stan such as pre-therapy change, exception questions, scaling questions, and the miracle question? a. Adlerian therapy b. rational emotive behavior therapy c. existential therapy d. solution-focused therapy e. cognitive therapy

Q: A main function of the reality therapist is to encourage clients to assess their behavior to determine how well it is working for them.

Q: In the Gestaltist view, unfinished business is best explored in the present.

Q: Ego-defense mechanisms, by their very nature, imply psychopathology.

Q: An Adlerian therapist would interpret Stan's depression as: a. a sickness that needs to be cured. b. discouragement that can be helped by encouragement. c. a feeling that leads to his faulty thinking. d. related to unfinished business. e. internalized anger and guilt.

Q: Glasser recommends that therapists look back for the causes of a client's present failures.

Q: The Gestalt therapist typically uses diagnosis and interpretation as a basic part of the therapeutic process.

Q: According to Freud, consciousness constitutes the largest part of one's psychological functioning.

Q: Which of the following would not be part of an Adlerian approach to working with Stan? a. giving homework assignments b. gathering data about his dreams c. examining his private logic d. exploring his family constellation e. confronting the ways he is seeking to escape his freedom through drugs and alcohol

Q: Clients are expected to focus on their feelings and attitudes, and then their behavior will change.

Q: Gestalt theory is best considered as a form of psychoanalytic therapy.

Q: Freud postulated the concepts of both life instincts and death instincts.

Q: Which of the following is not true when viewing Stan's problems from the standpoint of self-psychology and the object-relations theory? a. On some levels, he is stuck in the symbiotic phase. b. The focus would be on Stan's developmental sequences. c. He is unable to get confirmation of his worth from himself. d. He had accomplished the task of individuation. e. He is repeating patterns he formed with his mother during infancy.

Q: Reality therapists maintain that clients will not change unless they assume a self-critical attitude.

Q: Which of the statements below regarding emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is not true? a. EFT methodology is similar to Gestalt therapy but emphasizes empirically supported treatments. b. EFT was developed by Fritz Perls' wife, Laura. c. EFT blends the relational aspects of the person-centered approach with the active phenomenological awareness experiments of Gestalt therapy. d. EFT entails the practice of therapy being informed by understanding the role of emotion in psychotherapeutic change. e. All are true.

Q: Traditional analytic therapists make more frequent interpretations of transferences and engage in fewer supportive interventions than is the case with psychodynamic therapists.

Q: How would a psychoanalytic therapist view Stan's drinking problem? a. as a means of working though his Oedipal complex b. as a personal power issue associated with early trauma experienced in the anal stage c. as an oral fixation d. as a result of the ego-defense mechanism of introjection e. as a manifestation of his collective unconscious

Q: Choice theory is based on the assumption that people are in charge of their own destiny.

Q: Contemporary Gestalt therapists view client resistance as: a. a way that clients avoid confrontation. b. a sign of poor motivation for therapeutic work. c. a therapy interfering force that needs to be overcome. d. an element of therapy that needs to be respected.

Q: The id is related to the concept of libido.

Q: What is the current thinking in the field regarding the role of spirituality in counseling? a. There is growing evidence that spiritual practice promotes psychological well-being. b. Counselors are encouraged to be cautious and engage in peripheral discussions about spirituality only. c. There is little interest in integrating spiritual issues in counseling. d. Counselors should take a directive approach in helping clients meet their spiritual needs. e. Spirituality and counseling should be kept separate.

Q: Reality therapy is basically active, directive, practical, didactic, cognitive, and behavioral.

Q: Without proper training, Gestalt therapists may: a. evoke catharsis without having the ability to work it through with their client. b. design faulty experiments. c. may use ready-made techniques inappropriately. d. may damage the therapeutic relationship with the client. e. all of these.

Q: The Freudian view of human nature is deterministic.

Q: Regarding psychotherapy outcome, research shows: a. the behavioral approaches are more effective than the humanistic approaches. b. there are clear factors that predict which models of therapy work best for particular types of clients. c. the therapeutic relationship is not a major contributor to therapeutic change. d. no model of therapy has been proven more effective than another.

Q: Therapeutic contracts are frequently used in reality therapy.

Q: Which of the following is not one of the Gestalt group leader's roles? a. designing experiments for group members b. evoking group catharsis. c. engaging in self-disclosure d. facilitating contact in the group setting

Q: The ego is the original structure of personality.

Q: In deciding which interventions will be most helpful for the client, the counselor practicing in an integrative manner must: a. consider the client's cultural context. b. consider the approach that relates most consistently to the client's world view. c. be willing to accept feedback from clients. d. consider the client's personality and motivation for change. e. all of these

Q: Reality therapy is a popular approach in correctional work.

Q: Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimize interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting? a. introjection. b. projection. c. retroflection. d. confluence.

Q: Which of the following is not typically a standard psychoanalytic technique? a. free association b. interpretation c. exploration of one's position in the family d. exploration of patterns of resistance e. analysis of transference

Q: The common factors approach to psychotherapy integration: a. searches for shared elements across different theoretical systems. b. supports the notion of remaining theoretically consistent and technically eclectic. c. synthesizes important aspects of two or more theories. d. emphasizes the importance of spirituality in counseling.

Q: Reality therapy tends to be a long-term approach.

Q: A teenage girl is angry with her parents and cuts on her arm. In Gestalt terms, she is most likely engaging in:a. introjection.b. projection.c. retroflection.d. confluence.

Q: In psychoanalytic therapy, how do clients work with their dreams? a. They report their dreams and are encouraged to free associate to the elements of the dream. b. They look for mystical meanings underlying the dream. c. They "become" each part of their dream and act out these parts in fantasy. d. They look to their dreams as signs of prediction of the future.

Q: Which of the following is not true about technical eclecticism ? a. It enables counselors to be creative with their treatments. b. It is aimed at finding the best intervention for a specific client's problem. c. It enables counselors to use a variety of techniques without the dangers of combining contradictory theoretical models. d. It is inappropriate for diverse client populations.

Q: Reality therapists use punishment as a way to help clients follow through with their plans and commitments.

Q: Which of the following is not one of Miriam Polster's three stages in her integration sequence? a. reunification b. discovery c. assimilation d. accommodation

Q: The techniques of psychoanalytic therapy are aimed at: a. gaining insights into the client's behavior. b. helping clients to resolve their competitive strivings with their siblings. c. teaching people social skills such as assertive behavior. d. helping clients see how their thinking leads to certain emotional and behavioral patterns.

Q: Which of the following approaches to integration refers to a conceptual creation beyond a mere blending of techniques? a. technical eclecticism b. common factors approach c. theoretical integration d. assimilative integration

Q: Reality therapists refuse to accept excuses.

Q: The empty chair technique: a. assists clients in reowning parts of their personality. b. balances internal polarities. c. allows clients to externalize an introject. d. helps to resolve unfinished business. e. all of these.

Q: As a result of the client/therapist relationship in psychoanalytic therapy: a. clients acquire insights into their own unconscious psychodynamics. b. clients are better able to understand the association between their past experiences and their current behavior. c. awareness is increased on the client's part. d. all of these

Q: A major difference between an eclectic and an integrated approach to counseling is: a. eclectic approaches are dogmatic and an integrated approach is flexible. b. eclectic approaches are susceptible to syncretism, while integrated approaches combine techniques based on theoretical reasons. c. eclectic approaches do not have the client's best interest at heart. d. integrated approaches require little forethought.

Q: Commitment puts the responsibility directly on clients for changing.

Q: Which of the following Gestalt techniques involves asking one person in a group to speak to each of the other group members? a. the rehearsal exercise b. the reversal technique c. making the rounds d. the exaggeration technique

Q: Analytic therapy is oriented toward: a. achieving insight. b. identifying and experiencing feelings and memories. c. developing an in-depth self-understanding. d. reconstructing childhood experiences. e. all of these

Q: Historically, counselors have been: a. resistant to developing an integrated model of psychotherapy. b. at war regarding the issues of the "best" methods of treatment. c. quick to discount contributions of a competing theoretical model. d. all of these

Q: The first step in the process of reality therapy consists of a comprehensive assessment leading to a specific diagnosis.