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Counseling
Q:
Which of the following is not true about the Gestalt view of the role of confrontation in therapy?
a. It is not possible to be both confrontational and gentle with clients.
b. It is important to confront clients with the ways they are avoiding being fully alive.
c. Confrontation does not have to be aimed at negative traits.
d. Confrontation should be a genuine expression of caring.
Q:
It is of paramount importance that therapists develop some level of objectivity and not react defensively and subjectively in the face of:
a. anger.
b. love.
c. adulation.
d. criticism.
e. all of these.
Q:
A limitation of behavior therapy is that it:
a. does not provide a basis for accountable practice.
b. does not identify specific problems.
c. does not make room for cognitive factors.
d. fails to explicitly define the role of the therapist.
e. none of these.
Q:
The core of reality therapy is developing a plan for change as a way of translating talk into action.
Q:
Which of the following aspects of a client's use of language would a Gestalt therapist not focus on?
a. "it" talk
b. "you" talk
c. questions
d. language that denies power
e. semantics
Q:
A person with a __________ personality disorder is characterized by instability, irritability, self-destructive acts, impulsive anger, and extreme mood shifts. This person is lacking a clear sense of identity, has poor impulse control, and an inability to tolerate anxiety.
a. narcissistic
b. dependent
c. borderline
d. obsessive-compulsive
Q:
A limitation of Gestalt therapy is that it:
a. does not allow for full expression of feelings.
b. discounts the therapeutic value of dreams.
c. completely ignores the past.
d. offers few techniques.
e. may neglect cognitive factors.
Q:
Reality therapy sees transference as a way for the therapist to avoid getting personally involved in the clients' lives.
Q:
Gestalt therapists say that clients resist contact by means of:
a. retroflection.
b. projection.
c. introjection.
d. all of these
Q:
Individuals who display exhibitionistic traits, seek attention and admiration from others, and are extremely self-absorbed might have which of the following personality disorders?
a. narcissistic
b. dependent
c. borderline
d. obsessive-compulsive
Q:
A limitation of existential therapy is its:
a. emphasis on the therapist as an expert.
b. adherence to the medical model.
c. limited applicability to nonverbal clients.
d. use of simplistic concepts.
e. neglect of feelings.
Q:
Reality therapists ask clients to take a hard look at whether their current actions are working for them.
Q:
Which of the following is not true about Fritz Perls?
a. He developed Gestalt therapy.
b. During his childhood, he was a model student.
c. He was trained in psychoanalysis.
d. He gave workshops and seminars at the Esalen Institute.
e. He aroused various reactions in the people he met.
Q:
Which statement below is not accurate with regard to the phenomenon of countertransference?
a. Countertransference reactions are the weakest source of data for understanding the world of the client since they are so biased.
b. Countertransference reactions are inevitable because all therapists have unresolved conflicts and personal vulnerabilities that are activated through their professional work.
c. Most research on countertransference has dealt with its deleterious effects and how to manage these reactions.
d. It is critical that therapists monitor their own feelings during therapy sessions and use their responses as a source for increased self-awareness and understanding of their clients.
Q:
A limitation of person-centered therapy is:
a. the possible danger of the therapist remaining passive and inactive.
b. the emphasis on complex ideas and concepts.
c. the lack of research to support the theory.
d. neglect of the value of the therapeutic relationship.
e. the overemphasis on unconscious factors.
Q:
Glasser took the position that schools needed to be structured in ways to help students achieve a success identity as opposed to a failure identity.
Q:
Which of the following is not true about Gestalt techniques?
a. "Exercises" are ready-made techniques.
b. "Experiments" grow out of the interaction between therapist and client.
c. Clients need to be prepared for their involvement in Gestalt techniques.
d. Experiments are always carried out during the therapy session, rather than outside it.
e. Techniques are used for the purpose of increasing the client's awareness.
Q:
In object-relations theory, later relationships build upon:
a. the child's search for approval from the father.
b. one's birth order.
c. one's striving to overcome felt inferiority.
d. the child's search for a reconnection with the mother.
e. the quality of relationships with one's siblings.
Q:
A limitation of reality therapy is that it:
a. consists of simple concepts that are easily grasped.
b. discounts the therapeutic value of dreams.
c. does not appeal to resistant clients.
d. has limited applicability.
e. goes along with the medical model of therapy.
Q:
Reality therapists see therapeutic value in working with a client's dreams.
Q:
In Gestalt therapy, the relationship between client and counselor is seen as:
a. a joint venture.
b. an existential encounter.
c. an I/Thou interaction.
d. all of these
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship a client has with his or her analyst?
a. The client is free to express any idea or feeling as long as it is not scandalous.
b. The analyst is free to engage in spontaneous self-expression if a client makes an erroneous comment.
c. The client is free to express any idea or feeling, no matter how irresponsible, scandalous, politically incorrect, selfish, or infantile.
d. The client is encouraged to use "solution talk" and avoid talking about problems.
Q:
A limitation of psychoanalytic therapy is that:
a. it requires lengthy training for therapists.
b. it is expensive for clients.
c. the model stresses biological and instinctual factors to the neglect of social, cultural, and interpersonal ones.
d. many clients lack the degree of ego strength needed for regressive and reconstructive therapy.
e. all of these.
Q:
One of the procedures of reality therapy is to work through unfinished business from the past.
Q:
According to Gestalt theory, all of the following are true about contact except:
a. contact is necessary for change and growth to occur.
b. one maintains a sense of individuality as a result of good contact.
c. withdrawal after a good contact experience indicates neurosis.
d. contact is made by seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and moving.
e. we often tend to resist contact with others.
Q:
All of the following are true about a therapist's countertransference reactions except:
a. they should be avoided.
b. they have the potential to interfere with effective treatment.
c. they can provide rich understanding of the client's experience.
d. they should be carefully monitored by the therapist.
Q:
The negative impact of discrimination and oppression for both men and women has surfaced as a result of:
a. rational emotive behavior therapy.
b. person-centered therapy.
c. family systems therapy.
d. feminist therapy.
Q:
According to reality therapists, we are not born blank slates waiting to be externally motivated by forces in the world around us.
Q:
Empirical support for Gestalt therapy is:
a. weak.
b. well-developed.
c. becoming stronger.
d. unavailable.
Q:
Which of the following is not a component of the brief psychodynamic approaches?
a. use of interpretation early in the therapeutic relationship
b. targeting a specific interpersonal problem during the first session
c. the therapist functioning as a blank slate
d. developing a strong working alliance
e. none of these
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy is noted for using numerous cognitive, emotive, and behavioral techniques?
a. person-centered therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. rational emotive behavior therapy
d. narrative therapy
e. existential therapy
Q:
Glasser believes the need to love and to belong are secondary needs.
Q:
According to Gestalt theory, people use avoidance in order to:
a. keep themselves from facing unfinished business.
b. keep from feeling uncomfortable emotions.
c. keep from having to change.
d. all of these
Q:
In order to meet the goals of psychoanalytic treatment, Rhonda must help her eating disordered clients to:
a. reduce their symptoms and resolve their internal conflicts.
b. replace negative self-talk with positive self-talk.
c. make use of programs such as Weight Watchers or the Atkins diet plan.
d. increase their support networks and develop social interest.
Q:
One contribution of Adlerian therapy has been an emphasis on:
a. unconscious motivations.
b. empirical validation.
c. unleashing buried feelings.
d. precision.
e. social and psychological factors.
Q:
Reality therapy cautions against the therapist mentoring the client.
Q:
A contribution of this therapeutic approach is that:
a. it enables intense experiencing to occur quickly.
b. it can be a relatively brief therapy.
c. it stresses doing and experiencing, as opposed to talking about problems.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
Q:
Because ego and consciousness are not the same, the slogan for psychoanalysis has shifted from "making the unconscious conscious" to
a. "making the ego conscious."
b. "where there was id, let there be ego."
c. "get rid of the id kid!"
d. "may the force be within you."
e. "stop blaming your mother!"
Q:
Which of the following approaches consists of simple and clear concepts and emphasizes the role of choice?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. reality therapy
c. narrative therapy
d. Gestalt therapy
e. family systems therapy
Q:
Reality therapy is not well-suited to group counseling.
Q:
According to the Gestalt perspective, if people do not remember their dreams:
a. they may be refusing to face what is wrong with their lives.
b. that suggests they have no internal conflicts.
c. they are sound sleepers.
d. they lack creativity.
e. they should be referred to a therapist with a different theoretical orientation.
Q:
Who developed the object-relations view that focuses on separation and individuation?
a. Perls
b. Satir
c. Rogers
d. Mahler
e. Erikson
Q:
Which of the following approaches challenges social and cultural injustices that lead to oppression of certain groups?
a. family systems therapy
b. psychoanalytic therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. narrative therapy
e. reality therapy
Q:
Reality therapists believe in a biological basis for mental illness.
Q:
The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is:
a. attaining awareness, and with it greater choice.
b. to understand why we feel as we do.
c. to uncover repressed material.
d. to help clients develop better social skills.
Q:
All of the following are a part of Jung's view of development except:
a. individuation
b. the shadow.
c. symbiosis.
d. collective unconscious.
e. archetypes.
Q:
Which of the following approaches is credited with an emphasis on assessment and evaluation?
a. behavior therapy
b. existential therapy
c. psychoanalytic therapy
d. reality therapy
e. Gestalt therapy
Q:
According to Glasser, many of the problems of clients are caused by:
a. unfinished business with parents.
b. sibling rivalry.
c. early childhood trauma.
d. their inability to connect or to have a satisfying relationship with at least one of the significant people in their lives.
e. the failure to succeed in changing the other person in the relationship.
Q:
The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggests:
a. we change by setting future-oriented goals.
b. clients should pay particular attention to becoming the person they wish to be.
c. careful attention should devoted to changing behavior in the moment it is happening.
d. we change through becoming aware of who we currently are.
e. change is facilitated when we accept our mortality.
Q:
From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may:
a. discourage clients who do not hold upper-middle-class values.
b. be problematic for clients from cultures that prefer a directive approach.
c. underscore the role of important cultural and political factors in the client's world.
d. all of the above
Q:
One contribution of psychoanalytic therapy has been its:
a. subjective approach.
b. reliance on research for validation.
c. detailed and comprehensive description of personality structure and functioning.
d. emphasis on an I/Thou relationship.
e. emphasis on the disputation of irrational beliefs.
Q:
In working with Japanese clients, a reality therapist might do which of the following when asking clients to make plans and commit to them?
a. The therapist might be likely to accept "I"ll try" as a firm commitment.
b. The therapist would push clients for an explicit pledge to follow through.
c. The therapist would view a noncommittal response as a sign of weakness.
d. The therapist would refer their clients if they refused to commit to a plan.
Q:
Mariah tells her therapist, a Gestaltist, that she dreamt she got married to a pit bull and felt uneasy about telling her parents that she married a dog. When her parents discovered their son-in-law was a pit bull, they disowned her and suddenly became dogs themselves. In response to this dream, Mariah's therapist:
a. may need to contact a psychiatric hospital (and possibly an animal shelter) since it is likely Mariah unconsciously desires to marry a dog.
b. should interpret the dream for her client.
c. should assist her client in reliving the dream as though it was happening in the now and have her become each part of the dream.
d. should encourage her client to forget the dream since it was meaningless.
Q:
Developmentally, Freud's latency stage corresponds to Erickson's stage of:
a. trust versus mistrust.
b. intimacy versus isolation.
c. initiative versus guilt.
d. identity versus role confusion.
e. industry versus inferiority.
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy is best suited for helping people to create an alternative life story?
a. narrative therapy
b. psychoanalytic therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. behavior therapy
Q:
Which of these statements is not true?
a. With the emphases on connection and interpersonal relationships, reality therapy is well suited for various kinds of group counseling.
b. The WDEP system can be applied to helping group members satisfy their basic needs.
c. If members talk about their past experiences or make excuses for their current behavior, the group leader redirects them to what they are presently doing.
d. Reality therapy does not lend itself to a group format.
Q:
A Gestalt technique that is most useful when a person attempts to deny an aspect of his or her personality (such as tenderness) is:
a. making the rounds.
b. the reversal exercise.
c. the rehearsal exercise.
d. the empty chair technique.
Q:
A person who is suffering from feelings of alienation and isolation has probably failed to achieve a sense of ___________ during the ___________stage of development.
a. identity; adolescence
b. trust; infancy
c. generativity; middle age
d. intimacy; young adulthood
e. integrity; later life
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) reexperiencing one's past, (b) planning and commitment, (c) exploring a client's picture album, (d) refusing to accept excuses, (e) teaching clients self-evaluation
Q:
Existential therapy can be especially helpful for:
a. individuals with phobic disorders.
b. children with behavior disorders.
c. patients in a mental hospital.
d. couples needing sex therapy.
e. individuals facing a transition in life.
Q:
All of the following are key characteristics of contemporary reality therapy except for:
a. There is a focus on talking about symptoms that bring a client into therapy.
b. Emphasis is on choice and responsibility.
c. There is a rejection of the notion of transference.
d. Therapy is kept in the present.
e. Clients are helped to get connected or reconnected with the people they have chosen to put in their quality world.
Q:
Often Greta, who struggles to feel good about herself, comes to sessions with slouched posture. In order to help Greta gain a clearer understanding of the inner meaning of her slouched posture, a Gestalt therapist might:
a. ask Greta to exaggerate her poor posture, which is likely to intensify her feelings attached to it.
b. have Greta undergo hypnosis.
c. ask Greta to free associate to the words "slouched posture."
d. refer her to an orthopedic surgeon to rule out scoliosis.
Q:
The developmental crisis involving initiative vs. guilt occurs during the:
a. school age.
b. early childhood stage.
c. preschool age.
d. adolescence.
e. later life.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) joining and accommodation, (b), deconstructing problem-saturated stories, (c) family reconstruction, (d) tracking interactional sequences, (e) enhancing interpersonal communication
Q:
Which of the following approaches is least likely to be applied to short-term crisis intervention?
a. existential therapy
b. person-centered therapy
c. reality therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. cognitive-behavior therapy
Q:
In a reality therapy group, the leader:
a. is responsible for evaluating the clients' behaviors.
b. performs an assessment to determine if the client is truly getting what he or she wants in life.
c. withholds feedback when members are designing their plans.
d. may encounter resistance from members when providing suggestions for how clients can best get what they want.
Q:
When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a conflict between top dog and underdog), which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?
a. making the rounds
b. the reversal technique
c. the internal dialogue exercise
d. the rehearsal exercise
e. the exaggeration exercise
Q:
According to Erickson, the basic struggle of early childhood involves:
a. autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
b. initiative vs. guilt.
c. identity vs. role confusion.
d. trust vs. mistrust.
e. intimacy vs. isolation.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) death and nonbeing, (b) search for meaning, (c) search for unique outcomes,(d) striving for identity, (e) anxiety as a condition of living
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy is based on the A-B-C theory of personality?
a. reality therapy
b. rational emotive behavior therapy
c. psychoanalytic therapy
d. solution-focused brief therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
Q:
Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ?
a. self-help procedures
b. the use of humor
c. homework assignments
d. asking a client to emotionally reexperience a childhood experience
e. asking questions to get a better sense of the client's inner world
Q:
In Gestalt theory, the experiment is considered:
a. a specific technique of therapy.
b. a theoretical proposition crafted to fit the client's unique needs.
c. a ready-made exercise used to achieve a behavioral goal.
d. a scientific procedure to assess the effectiveness of therapy.
Q:
If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems may include:
a. rejecting others' love.
b. fear of intimate relationships.
c. mistrust of others.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) listening from a "not-knowing" position, (b) paradoxical interventions, (c) enactments, (d) reframing, (e) issuing directives
Q:
Which of the following therapies is most recommended for the treatment of phobic disorders?
a. behavior therapy
b. narrative therapy
c. existential therapy
d. rational emotive behavior therapy
e. solution-focused brief therapy
Q:
All of the following are procedures that are commonly used in reality therapy except:
a. exploring wants, needs, and perceptions.
b. exploring early recollections.
c. focusing on current behavior.
d. planning and commitment.
e. skillful questioning.
Q:
The Gestalt therapist:
a. freely makes interpretations for the client.
b. pays attention to the client's nonverbal language.
c. is mainly nondirective.
d. helps the client understand why he or she is behaving in self-defeating ways.
e. assigns homework to bring about specific cognitive and behavior changes.
Q:
Henry has the impulse to gamble excessively whenever he goes to Las Vegas. Aware of this, he has decided to turn down a job offer in Las Vegas to avoid the temptation to gamble. What part of Henry's personality helped him to reach this decision?
a. The id
b. The ego
c. The superego
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) cognitive disputation, (b) cognitive homework, (c) rational-emotive imagery,
(d) shame-attacking exercises, (e) solution-focused therapy
Q:
Narrative therapy can be applied to:
a. eating disorders.
b. depression.
c relationship concerns.
d. all of these.