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Counseling
Q:
A limitation of this approach as it applies to multicultural counseling is:
a. oppressed clients may have little choice over their circumstances.
b. this therapy provides specific tools to help clients make the changes they desire.
c. the concept of the quality world is abstract and lacks cross-cultural appeal.
d. reality therapists must be careful when adapting their approach to non-western cultures.
Q:
A critical difference between early Gestalt therapy and relational Gestalt therapy is:
a. the emphasis on contact.
b. the approach to confrontation.
c. the use of techniques.
d. the focus on the figure formation process.
Q:
All of the following are true about the superego except:
a. It is the judicial branch of personality.
b. It is the internalization of the standards of parents and society.
c. It represents the ideal.
d. It inhibits id impulses.
e. It governs, controls and regulates the personality.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) change and the search for new possibilities, (b) the encouragement process,
(c) family constellation, (d) gender role intervention, (e) personal priorities
Q:
In psychoanalytic therapy, a technique of great importance is:
a. "The Question."
b. re-authoring one's life story.
c. value judgments.
d. interpretation.
e. solution talk as opposed to problem talk.
Q:
The core of reality therapy consists of:
a. teaching clients how to acquire rational beliefs instead of irrational beliefs.
b. helping clients to understand their unconscious dynamics.
c. giving clients opportunities to express unresolved feelings.
d. teaching clients to take effective control of their own lives.
Q:
Which of the following is not considered one of the six methodological components of Gestalt therapy?
a. assessment
b. the here and now
c. the authentic encounter
d. process-oriented diagnosis
e. the paradoxical theory of change
Q:
The main function of the ego is:
a. to inhibit id impulses.
b. to seek pleasure in life.
c. to mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment.
d. to strive for perfection.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) experiential therapy, (b) existential therapy, (c) person-centered therapy, (d) Gestalt therapy, (e) postmodern approaches
Q:
In feminist therapy, the following technique(s) is/are used to help clients recognize the impact of gender-role socialization:
a. free association
b. unbalancing
c. scaling questions
d. consciousness-raising
e. the miracle question
Q:
Glasser would agree with all of the following conclusions except:
a. We are most likely to change if we are threatened by punishment.
b. We do not have to be the victim of our past.
c. We have more control over our lives than we believe.
d. We strive to change the world outside ourselves to match our internal pictures of what we want.
e. We often seek therapy when we do not have the relationships we want.
Q:
Erv Polster believes that storytelling:a. is always a form of resistance.b. can be the heart of the therapeutic process since people are storytelling beings.c. is acceptable only if one's client is a writer.d. is an indication that one's client is a pathological liar.e. is a sign of high verbal abilities, and thus, high intelligence.
Q:
The primary aim of time limited dynamic psychotherapy is to:
a. explore sources of childhood trauma.
b. deal exclusively with a single presenting problem.
c. change the client's repetitive patterns of relating to others.
d. bring about catharsis.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) shame-attacking exercises, (b) the internal dialogue exercise (c) the reversal technique, (d) the rehearsal experiment, (e) the exaggeration experiment
Q:
The technique of reliving and reexperiencing unfinished business is associated with:
a. Gestalt therapy.
b. person-centered therapy.
c. existential therapy.
d. reality therapy.
e. solution-focused therapy
Q:
Reality therapy rests on the central idea that:
a. thinking largely determines how we feel and behave.
b. we choose our behavior and are responsible for what we do, think, and feel.
c. environmental factors largely control what we are doing.
d. the way to change dysfunctional behavior is to reexperience a situation in which we originally became psychologically stuck.
Q:
A healthy contact experience involves all of the following except:
a. interacting with others while maintaining a sense of self.
b. creativity.
c. maintaining balance between the figure and the ground.
d. projection.
Q:
Which of the following statements is not true with regard to the relational approach to psychoanalysis?
a. The approach is based on an egalitarian model.
b. There is an exploration of the subjectivities of both client and therapist.
c. Countertransference provides rich information about the client's dynamics.
d. Therapist anonymity is used to foster the transference relationship.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) fictional finalism, (b) shame-attacking exercises, (c) acting "as if," (d) lifestyle assessment, (e) teleological approach
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy stresses the attitude of the therapist over the use of techniques?
a. person-centered therapy
b. psychoanalytic therapy
c. cognitive-behavior therapy
d. behavior therapy
Q:
Which of the following is (are) a contribution of reality therapy?
a. It helps clients deal emotionally with unfinished business from their past.
b. It provides insight into the causes of one's problems.
c. It provides a structure for both clients and therapist to evaluate the degree and the nature of changes.
d. Most of its concepts have been subjected to empirical testing.
Q:
Field theory suggests that:
a. the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
b. human beings have a innate capacity to self regulate.
c. everything in human experience is relational and in constant flux.
d. phenomenological inquiry is the key to behavior change.
e. the "how" of behavior is more important than the "why" of behavior.
Q:
Self psychology and object relations theory emphasize:
a. the influence of critical factors in early development on later development.
b. the origins, transformations and organizational functions of the self.
c. the differentiation between self and others.
d. all of these.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) establishing the relationship, (b) exploring the individual's dynamics,(c) working through transference neurosis, (d) encouraging insight, (e) helping with reorientation
Q:
One of the techniques used by behavior therapists in dealing with a client's anxiety is:
a. the miracle question.
b. encouragement.
c. externalizing the problem.
d. systematic desensitization.
e. shame-attacking exercises.
Q:
In reality therapy, when a client fails to carry out their plans, the therapist will:
a. use a behavioral form of punishment.
b. "put the client down" to arouse their anger and motivate them to change.
c. accept their excuses.
d. make a value judgment about the client's behavior.
e. challenge the client to accept the reasonable consequence of his or her behavior.
Q:
Gestalt therapy is a form of:
a. Freudian psychoanalytic therapy.
b. neo-Freudian analytic therapy.
c. behavior therapy.
d. existential therapy.
Q:
Jacqueline feels guilty whenever she considers taking a day off from work for personal reasons. Which of the psychic structures postulated by Freud is fueling her guilt feelings?
a. The id
b. The ego
c. The superego
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) total behavior, (b) choice theory, (c) existential-phenomenological orientation, (d) family systems therapy, (e) reality therapy
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy stresses authenticity first and technique second?
a. Gestalt therapy
b. existential therapy
c. rational emotive behavior therapy
d. family systems therapy
e. behavior therapy
Q:
In reality therapy, the purpose of developing an action plan is:
a. to encourage clients to stretch beyond their limits.
b. to teach clients to "think big."
c. to arrange for successful experience.
d. to arrive at the ultimate solution to a client's problem.
Q:
Who among the following is not considered a relational Gestalt therapist?
a. Fritz Perls
b. Laura Perls
c. Miriam Polster
d. Erv Polster
Q:
A person experiencing persistent feelings of inadequacy has probably had difficulty attaining a sense of _________ during the_________ stage.
a. intimacy; young adulthood
b. identity; adolescent
c. integrity; later life
d. initiative; preschool age
e. industry; school age
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) documenting the evidence, (b) re-authoring alternative stories, (c) flooding, (d) narrative letter writing, (e) mapping the influence of the problem
Q:
A key technique of Adlerian therapy is:
a. free association
b. dialogue with polarities.
c. family sculpting.
d. changing one's language.
e. the assessment of one's family constellation.
Q:
When reality therapists explore a client's past, they tend to focus on:
a. relationships within the family.
b. early traumatic events.
c. problems in school performance.
d. past successes.
e. developmental problems.
Q:
The person-centered model has been widely adapted to include such areas as family therapy, crisis counseling and classroom education.
Q:
In Erikson's view, the major developmental task in adolescence is:
a. intimacy vs. isolation.
b. integrity vs. despair.
c. identity vs. role confusion.
d. initiative vs. guilt.
e. identity vs. shame and doubt.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) power analysis and power intervention, (b) assertion training, (c) stress-management training, (d) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, (e) exposure therapies
Q:
In which of the following approaches to therapy does the therapist become active and directive, functioning as a trainer for the client?
a. existential therapy
b. person-centered therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. Gestalt therapy
e. psychoanalytic therapy
Q:
A reality therapist will primarily focus on:
a. past behavior.
b. present behavior.
c. feelings.
d. thoughts.
e. the client's personal history.
Q:
The person-centered approach is not particularly well-suited to multi-cultural counseling.
Q:
What is the correct sequence of the psychosexual stages?
a. anal/phallic/latency/genital/oral
b. oral/anal/phallic/latency/genital
c. oral/anal/latency/genital/phallic
d. latency/oral/anal/phallic/genital
e. latency/anal/oral/phallic/genital
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) multimodal therapy, (b) BASIC ID, (c) technical eclecticism, (d) therapeutic flexibility and versatility, (e) quality world
Q:
An Adlerian therapist would:
a. maintain an aloof stance.
b. establish a cooperative relationship based on equality.
c. take the role of expert.
d. take the role of a friendly parent.
e. avoid sharing personal reactions.
Q:
Reality therapists are likely to deal with all of the following except for:
a. what a client is currently doing.
b. what clients are thinking and feeling, when this relates to what they are doing.
c. a client's relationships with significant others.
d. assisting clients in developing an action plan geared for change.
e. asking clients to recall, report, and share dreams.
Q:
Maslow postulated a hierarchy of needs as a source of motivation, with the most basic needs being physiological needs.
Q:
Freud used the term libido in which of the following ways?
a. To refer to the death instincts
b. to refer to the energy of all the life instincts
c. To refer to sexual abuse
d. To account for the aggressive drive
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) cognitive restructuring, (b) cognitive therapy, (c) coping skills programs, (d) stress-inoculation training, (e) total behavior
Q:
Which of the following approaches encourages therapists to accurately grasp the client's "being in the world"?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. rational emotive behavior therapy
e. existential therapy
Q:
What do reality therapists believe about the use of questions?
a. They should rarely be used.
b. Relevant questions help clients gain insights and arrive at plans and solutions.
c. There is no such thing as excessive questioning; the more the better!
d. Closed questions are more helpful than open-ended questions.
Q:
Natalie Rogers is no longer an active contributor to the person-centered approach.
Q:
In Freud's view, an individual experiencing neurotic anxiety feels:
a. he has behaved in a manner that is inconsistent with his moral code.
b. a realistic threat is present in the environment.
c. he will not be able to control his instincts and will behave inappropriately.
d. guilt associated with past actions.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) positive orientation, (b) look for what is working, (c) exceptions to a problem, (d) small changes pave way for larger changes, (e) therapist as expert
Q:
In which therapy approach is the client viewed as the expert on his or her own life, while the therapist is seen as an expert questioner who assists clients in freeing themselves of their problem-saturated stories and create new life-affirming stories?
a. existential therapy
b. narrative therapy
c. rational emotive behavior therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. psychoanalytic therapy
Q:
Reality therapy is based on which of the following orientations to understanding human behavior?
a. radical behaviorism
b. psychoanalytic
c. existential-phenomenological
d. deterministic
e. person-centered theory
Q:
The person-centered approach places emphasis on the necessary and sufficient conditions for change.
Q:
The Electra complex and the Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual stage of development?
a. anal stage
b. genital stage
c. oral stage
d. phallic stage
e. latency stage
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) layers of neurosis, (b) unfinished business, (c) genograms, (d) contact and resistance to contact, (e) energy and blocks to energy
Q:
In which of the following approaches does the therapist show concern for the client by a process of involvement throughout the course of therapy?
a. reality therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. family systems therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. solution-focused therapy
Q:
All of the following are true about planning and commitment in reality therapy, except:
a. Clients make a commitment to carry out their plans.
b. There is a connection between a person's identity and their level of commitment.
c. A great deal of time is spent on this step of reality therapy.
d. Commitment puts the responsibility for changing on the client.
e. Therapists only ask for commitments that are reasonable.
Q:
Person-centered therapy groups emphasize self-acceptance and self-reliance.
Q:
The process of redirecting sexual energy into some form of socially acceptable behavior is known as:
a. displacement.
b. denial.
c. compensation.
d. sublimation.
e. repression.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) empowerment and egalitarianism, (b) power analysis and power intervention, (c) choice theory, (d)social action, (e) self in relation theory
Q:
According to traditional psychoanalytic therapy, the therapist:
a. must establish an authentic encounter with the client.
b. should display genuineness and warmth.
c. remains anonymous.
d. is a teacher.
e. refuses to give up on the client.
Q:
Which of the following is not a function of the reality therapist?
a. focusing on areas in the client's life that need improvement so that he or she can achieve a
"success identity"
b. setting limits in the therapeutic setting
c. getting clients to be specific about how they will make desired changes
d. confronting clients by not accepting their excuses
e. helping clients reformulate their plans, if necessary
Q:
Carl Rogers encouraged counselors to use caring confrontations with their clients.
Q:
The ego defense mechanism that consists of masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations is known as:
a. sublimation.
b. compensation.
c. introjection.
d. reaction formation.
e. regression.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) solution-focused brief therapy (b) self psychology, (c) object-relations theory, (d) borderline personality, (e) narcissistic personality
Q:
Empowerment and egalitarianism are the basis of the ________ therapeutic relationship.
a. existential
b. feminist
c. Gestalt
d. psychoanalytic
Q:
Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ?
a. skillful questioning
b. encouraging clients to look at what they are doing
c. making action plans
d. engaging in homework to change behaviors
e. reliving an early childhood event
Q:
An assumption of person-centered therapy is that the counselor's presence is far more powerful than techniques he or she uses to facilitate change.
Q:
The young adult who adopts his parent's outdated political beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety is an example of:
a. displacement.
b. reaction formation.
c. sublimation.
d. introjection.
e. projection.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) object relations theory, (b) choice theory, (c) self psychology, (d) relational psychoanalysis, (e)
interpersonal analysis
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on the scientific method?
a. person-centered therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. reality therapy
e. existential therapy
Q:
What is Robert Wubbolding likely to say about people's problems?
a. "People don"t have problems, they have solutions that have not worked."
b. "Most people are emotionally disturbed, but many of them are able to create a believable facade that they are high functioning. Don"t be fooled!"
c. "Most forms of psychopathology should be treated with medication."
d. "People who have problems should try reality therapy only after uncovering the unconscious determinants of their behavior."
Q:
The term "presence" refers to the counselor's ability to be fully engaged in the therapeutic relationship with the client.
Q:
Manufacturing "good" reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to explain away failures or losses, is known as:
a. rationalization.
b. projection.
c. displacement.
d. introjection.
e. reaction formation.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) collective unconscious, (b) archetypes, (c) persona, (d) shadow, (e) narrative therapy
Q:
One of the major goals of reality therapy involves:
a. reconstructing the basic personality.
b. identifying factors that block freedom.
c. encouraging clients to be willing to be a process.
d. challenging clients to evaluate what they are doing.
e. learning to express feelings.