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Counseling
Q:
Ellis maintains that REBT is an eclectic form of therapy.
Q:
Person-centered therapy is best explained as:
a. a dogma.
b. a fixed and completed approach to therapy.
c. a set of techniques to build trust in clients.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
Q:
Assessment is a useful method of:
a. evaluating a client's current level of functioning.
b. forming a case conceptualization.
c. involving the client as an active participant in treatment.
d. gaining insight into the client's subjective world.
e. all of these.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) fictional finalism, (b) basic mistakes, (c) power analysis, (d) social interest,(e) style of life
Q:
Family therapists are wise to consider Western models of family functioning universal.
Q:
Cognitive behavioral group therapy stresses the importance of homework outside of the therapy session.
Q:
A consistent theme that underlies most of Carl Rogers's writings is:
a. the need to find meaning in life through love, work, or suffering.
b. the need for a religion to find meaning in life.
c. the importance of expressing feelings that stem from childhood issues.
d. a faith in the capacity of individuals to develop in a constructive manner if a climate of trust is established.
e. the need for clients to relive past traumatic situations in the here-and-now.
Q:
During her sessions, Justine questions whether she is trying to meet her clients' needs or her own needs. Justine is:
a. being overly analytical.
b. engaging in meaningful self-reflection and self-assessment as a professional.
c. self-absorbed and insecure.
d. behaving unethically since she is preoccupied during her clients' sessions.
Q:
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) life stages, (b) developmental crises, (c) psychosocial stages,(d) relational cultural theory, (e) critical tasks
Q:
Assessment is not considered useful in the family systems perspective.
Q:
Bibliotherapeutic approaches have empirical support for the treatment of depression, for a variety of anxiety disorders, and for a range of clinical problems.
Q:
Carl Rogers drew heavily from existential concepts, especially as they apply to:
a. the transference relationship.
b. countertransference, or unfinished business of the counselor.
c. the client/therapist relationship.
d. guilt and anxiety.
e. death and nonbeing.
Q:
According to the text, positive ethics is a practice in which counselors:
a. do what is mandated by professional standards.
b. base their ethical decisions on what is best for their clients rather than minimum standards
of care.
c. strive for the highest level of ethical practice.
d. strictly adhere to lengthy ethics codes, even if this is not in the client's best interest.
Q:
Assessing the appropriateness of hierarchical structure in the family is important in which of the following approaches?
a. Bowenian family therapy
b. human validation process model
c. structural family therapy
d. strategic family therapy
e. both (a) and (c)
Q:
Understanding family process is almost always facilitated by "how" questions.
Q:
Ellis claims that his methods are applicable to individual therapy but that his approach does not work well in group therapy.
Q:
Carl Rogers's position on confronting the client is that:
a. confrontation is to be avoided at all costs.
b. confrontation causes clients to stop growing.
c. confrontation reflects that the therapist has a need to be in control.
d. caring confrontations can be beneficial.
Q:
Marcus, a therapist in a community agency, recently divorced his wife and seems to be harboring anger towards women in general. His colleagues, who have noticed a change in his attitude and behavior lately, have encouraged him to seek personal counseling to work through his issues. They are:
a. overreacting to his anger and are overstepping the boundaries by suggesting he go to counseling.
b. unwise to suggest counseling since he will not benefit from it because he is a therapist and already knows how to deal with his problems.
c. acting ethically by recommending counseling for Marcus; as counselors, they recognize that personal issues that have not been worked through are likely to be projected onto clients.
d. being unsupportive colleagues; since they are aware of his situation, they should offer to provide counseling to him and not refer him to a professional outside of the agency.
Q:
All of the following are major general movements of the multilayered approach to family therapy except for:
a. forming a relationship.
b. conducting an assessment.
c. hypothesizing and sharing meaning
d. facilitating change
e. conducting outcome research to evaluate techniques used
Q:
Feminist, multicultural, and postmodern therapists are extremely aware of the power they have entering into already established systems, and they work to promote understanding through curiosity and interest rather than through formal assessments.
Q:
Ellis contends that research has shown that REBT is effective in helping all types of clients.
Q:
Which of the following is not true about the most recent trends in person-centered therapy?
a. It could be referred to as holistic therapy.
b. Acceptance and clarification are the main techniques used.
c. It emphasizes an increased involvement of the therapist as a person.
d. It allows the therapist greater freedom to be active in the therapeutic relationship.
e. The therapist is encouraged to bring his or her values to the therapeutic relationship.
Q:
Both feminist therapists and postmodern therapists tend to view diagnosis as it is traditionally done:
a. as an appropriate part of counseling sessions.
b. as generally helpful to women clients.
c. as an essential part of the medical model they follow.
d. as often oppressive and ignoring of societal contexts.
Q:
Feminist and postmodern models of family therapy are based on the perspective of____________________ ; that is, the family practitioner becomes part of the family system and just by being present with the family changes it.
a. first-order cybernetics
b. second-order cybernetics
c. first-order connection
d. second-order connection
Q:
Minuchin and other structural family therapists initiated their work with wealthy suburban clients.
Q:
To what does the term "cognitive triad" refer?
a. Aaron Beck coined the term to refer to himself and two other cognitive-oriented theorists, Ellis and Meichenbaum, who have revolutionized the field of counseling.
b. It refers to the three generations of Becks (Aaron, his daughter Judith, and his grandchild who is a social worker specializing in cognitive therapy).
c. It is a pattern that triggers depression.
d. It is a cognitive behavioral intervention.
Q:
Which of the following personal characteristics of the therapist is most important, according to Carl Rogers?
a. unconditional positive regard
b. acceptance
c. genuineness
d. accurate empathic understanding
e. accurate active listening
Q:
Clients have a right to be informed about:
a. their therapist's qualifications.
b. the general goals of counseling.
c. the approximate length of the therapeutic process.
d. all of these
Q:
A basic premise of the Adlerian approach to family therapy is that:
a. families experience difficulty because they fail to provide each other with unconditional positive regard.
b. mistaken goals of parents and children lead to repetitive, negative interaction patterns.
c. sibling rivalry is at the core of family discord.
d. dysfunctional families are the product of unfavorable sociocultural conditions.
e. none of the above.
Q:
Strategic therapists do not rely on therapy techniques to bring about change but instead give more stress to the therapist's relationship with a family.
Q:
A noteworthy strength of the cognitive behavioral approaches is:
a. they have strong empirical support.
b. they pay careful attention to the client's early development.
c. they are well-suited to clients who have difficulty with abstraction.
d. They consider insight and action equally important forces in therapeutic change.
Q:
According to Rogerian therapy, an "internal source of evaluation" is defined as:
a. internalizing the validation one receives from others.
b. looking more to oneself for the answers to the problems of existence.
c. going on one's instincts when judging the behavior of others.
d. a neurotic tendency to be self-critical.
e. a success identity.
Q:
Under what circumstances should a therapist consult with colleagues or specialists?
a. when a client complains of physical symptoms
b. when facing an ethical problem
c. when working with a client for an extended period of time and losing objectivity
d. all of these
Q:
A mother and her adult child have formed a close-knit relationship in which neither one can discriminate their own unique beliefs from those of the other. This is an example of:
a. triangulation.
b. enmeshment.
c. displacement.
d. individuation.
e. differentiation.
Q:
The role of the strategic therapist involves being in charge of the session.
Q:
Roberto, who struggles with feeling inadequate as a provider and husband, has come to work with a cognitive behavioral therapist. In addition to feeling inadequate, he feels angry that he has been marginalized by the mainstream culture. As his therapist, you should do all of the following except:
a. refrain from using jargon such as the terms "irrational, maladaptive, and dysfunctional"
b. adapt the language presented in cognitive restructuring to Roberto's primary language, age, and educational level.
c. avoid using disrespectful language when describing Roberto's cognitions
d. impress Roberto with your use of jargon to reinforce that you are the expert.
Q:
Which of the following is the correct order in terms of the historical development of Carl Rogers's approach to counseling?
a. client-centered/person-centered/nondirective
b. client-centered/nondirective/person-centered
c. nondirective/client-centered/person-centered
d. nondirective/person-centered/client-centered
e. person-centered/client-centered/nondirective
Q:
Which of the following statements is not true about guidelines for ethical practice in counseling and psychotherapy?
a. Most professional organizations provide broad guidelines.
b. Therapists ultimately have to discover their own guidelines for reasonable practice.
c. Practitioners are free to formulate any ethics they choose.
d. Ethical issues should be periodically reexamined throughout your professional life.
e. There are differences of opinion among practitioners about how ethical guidelines apply to certain situations.
Q:
What is the technique in family therapy that casts a new light on a problem and provides a different interpretation of a problematic situation?
a. reorganization
b. family mapping
c. restructuring
d. reframing
e. joining
Q:
Strategic family therapy stresses some of the same basic concepts as the structural approach to family therapy.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true with regard to the fit between the cognitive behavioral approaches and multicultural counseling?
a. There is an "almost perfect fit" between cognitive behavior therapy and multicultural counseling because these perspectives share common assumptions that make integration possible.
b. The terms "cognitive behavior therapy" and "multicultural counseling" are used interchangeably because they refer to the same approach.
c. Integration is not possible between the cognitive behavioral approach and multicultural counseling.
d. Neither of the approaches taps into the inner resources and strengths of clients.
Q:
Which of the following is not true about Carl Rogers?
a. He was raised with strict religious standards in his home.
b. He developed cognitive therapy.
c. At one point in his life, he was preparing to enter the ministry.
d. He made a contribution toward achieving world peace.
e. He was a pioneer in humanistic approaches to counseling.
Q:
Confidentiality must be breached and information must be reported by practitioners when:
a. clients pose a danger to others.
b. a child under the age of 16 is the victim of incest, rape, or child abuse.
c. an older adult is being abused.
d. the therapist determines that the client needs immediate, involuntary hospitalization.
e. all of these
Q:
Which family systems theorist used the term super reasonable to describe a position that is adopted to maintain control of one's messy or painful emotions?
a. Monica McGoldrick
b. Betty Carter
c. Virginia Satir
d. Murray Bowen
e. Salvador Minuchin
Q:
The focus of strategic family therapy is on growth and resolving historical conflicts in a family rather than on dealing with present problems of a family.
Q:
Cognitive behavioral therapists assist clients in using language that:
a. is not self-condemning.
b. depicts the client's thoughts in a rational and accurate manner.
c. replaces absolutes with preferences.
d. all of these
Q:
One point of disagreement between existential and humanistic thought involves:
a. a respect for the client's subjective experience.
b. a trust in the capacity of the client to make positive choices.
c. an emphasis on freedom.
d. the idea of an innate self-actualizing drive.
Q:
Privileged communication does not apply to
a. group counseling
b. couples counseling
c. family therapy
d. child and adolescent therapy
e. all of these.
Q:
The model that applies concepts of existential therapy to a family systems approach is:
a. Bowenian family therapy.
b. human validation process model.
c. structural therapy.
d. strategic therapy.
e. experiential/symbolic family therapy.
Q:
Strategic family therapists do not generally deal with the presenting problem; rather, they focus on the underlying symptom of a dysfunctional system.
Q:
Jim told Margie, a cognitive therapist who has adopted a constructivist perspective, that he is a prisoner of his dysfunctional past. Margie should do all of the following except:
a. help Jim appreciate how he has constructed reality and examine the implications and conclusions hedraws from his stories.
b. encourage him to tell the rest of his story.
c. steer Jim away from telling his story since storytelling is regarded as a form of resistance.
d. help Jim to see himself as a survivor of dysfunction who has thrived despite the barriers he has faced.
Q:
What is a limitation of person-centered therapy?
a. The approach does not make use of research to study the process or outcomes of therapy.
b. The therapist has more power to manipulate and control the client than is true of most other therapies.
c. The approach does not emphasize the role of techniques in creating change in the client's life.
d. The client is not given enough responsibility to direct the course of his or her own therapy.
e. It is a long-term approach to therapy.
Q:
Many ethical codes state that dual or multiple relationships:
a. should be avoided whenever possible.
b. are clearly grounds for revocation of one's professional license.
c. are helpful in case of counseling one's friends or relatives.
d. are impossible to avoid.
e. always result in serious harm to the client.
Q:
One of Satir's techniques is:
a. externalizing the problem.
b. family sculpting.
c. paradoxical intervention.
d. reauthoring life stories.
e. the miracle question.
Q:
Strategic family therapy has its foundation in communications theory.
Q:
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Meichenbaum's constructivist approach to cognitive behavior therapy?
a. It is more structured and more directive than standard cognitive therapy.
b. It gives more emphasis to the past.
c. It tends to target deeper core beliefs.
d. It explores the behavioral impact and emotional toll a client pays for clinging to certain metaphors.
Q:
In applying the person-centered approach to crisis intervention, therapists:
a. communicate a deep sense of understanding.
b. provide genuine support and warmth.
c. use a more structured approach and provide clients with some direction.
d. all of these.
Q:
According to the text, the challenge of providing informed consent consists of:
a. telling clients about the nature of confidentiality.
b. striking a balance between giving clients too much and too little information about the therapeutic process.
c. convincing clients that counselors know what they are doing.
d. teaching clients about state laws that pertain to counseling.
e. getting clients to read the ethical codes of the profession.
Q:
A therapist who works from a systemic point of view would be likely to:
a. obtain an accurate DSM diagnosis of his or her clients.
b. focus on the intrapsychic causes of a client's symptoms and help him or her develop the inner resources to cope in a more adaptive manner.
c. explore the functioning of a client's family of origin using a genogram.
d. utilize free association to tap into a client's feelings about his or her family system.
Q:
Minuchin's approach to therapy is geared more toward insight, rather than taking action.
Q:
The constructivist perspective in cognitive therapy holds that:
a. clients must accept objective reality if they hope to change.
b. there is really no difference between objective and subjective reality.
c. one's problems are merely a product of one's imagination.
d. there are multiple realities and a therapist's task is to help clients appreciate how they construct their realities and how they author their own stories.
e. we all construct irrational beliefs and must change those if we hope to find happiness.
Q:
The person-centered philosophy views diagnosis as:
a. a useful tool for case conceptualization.
b. a meaningful way of understanding of a client's psychological state.
c. a labeling process that diminishes the therapist's ability to develop a holistic understanding of the client.
d. a necessary process that does not impact the course of therapy.
Q:
In becoming an ethical practitioner, a crucial task is to:
a. learn how to arrive at clear-cut answers for difficult situations.
b. identify a specific ethical code as the source of answers to ethical dilemmas.
c. learn how to interpret and apply ethical codes to an ethical dilemma.
d. avoid making any mistakes in counseling practice.
e. discover the correct solution for every ethical dilemma that might arise.
Q:
Narrative therapists do which of the following?
a. help clients construct a preferred story line.
b. uncover repressed feelings.
c. dispute irrational beliefs.
d. use the WDEP system to explore choices.
e. conduct a power analysis.
Q:
Structural family therapists limit their interventions to families alone.
Q:
According to Meichenbaum, the first step in the change process involves:
a. learning the A-B-C model of disputing irrational thinking.
b. learning a new dialogue.
c. observing one's behavior and thinking patterns.
d. learning coping skills.
e. discovering insight into the cause of one's problem.
Q:
Arguably, the most central limitation of the person centered approach is:
a. their view of assessment and diagnosis.
b. the therapist's limitations as a person.
c. shortcomings of the studies of the approach.
d. the continual evolution of the approach leads to unclear therapeutic principles.
Q:
Ideally, our self-care should mirror the care we provide for others.
Q:
All of the following are associated with solution-focused therapy except:a. Insoo Kim Berg.b. Michelle Weiner-Davis.c. Steve de Shazer.d. Michael White.
Q:
The goal of structural family therapy is to break down any hierarchical structure and replace it with equal relationships among all family members.
Q:
Of the following cognitive techniques, which one would Beck be least likely to employ?
a. exploring cognitive distortions
b. helping clients to replace negative imagery with more positive and successful coping scenes
c. confronting the musturbatory thinking of a client
d. encouraging clients to participate in cognitive rehearsal
e. teaching clients ways of testing hypotheses
Q:
The technique of reflection involves the therapist:
a. restating the client's words verbatim.
b. sharing his or her genuine emotional response with the client.
c. mirroring the client's emotional experience of a particular situation.
d. bringing an actual mirror into the session and having a client look at himself or herself in the mirror.
Q:
The skill of immediacy involves revealing what we are thinking or feeling in the here and now with the client.
Q:
The techniques of externalization and developing unique events are associated with:
a. solution-focused therapy.
b. the linguistic approach.
c. the narrative approach.
d. the reflecting team.
e. the social constructionist approach.
Q:
Structural family therapy deals with boundaries.
Q:
The concept of automatic thoughts plays a central role in whose theory?
a. Ellis
b. Beck
c. Meichenbaum
d. Lazarus
e. Bandura
Q:
In order for a therapist to communicate "accurate empathic understanding" the counselor must:
a. have experienced a situation very similar to the client's current predicament.
b. clarify details and facts relevant to the client's experiences.
c. feel a deep sense of warmth toward the client.
d. connect emotionally to the client's subjective experience.
Q:
Practitioners must have had the same experiences as their clients in order to have empathy for them.
Q:
In social constructionism, which of the following would be least important in understanding how individuals construct their lives?
a. gender awareness
b. cultural perspectives
c. developmental processes
d. the impact of irrational beliefs
e. dominant narratives
Q:
Minuchin's structural therapy is based on the notion that an individual's symptoms are best understood from the vantage point of interactional patterns within a family, and that structural changes must occur in a family before an individual's symptoms can be resolved.