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Counseling
Q:
All of the following are cognitive methods of REBT except for:
a. shame-attacking exercises.
b. disputing irrational beliefs.
c. changing one's language.
d. completing homework assignments.
Q:
The existential approach can be used in a brief therapy context.
Q:
Which of the following is not considered essential knowledge for a culturally competent counselor?
a. knowing how to analyze transference reactions
b. understanding the impact of oppression and racist concepts
c. being aware of culture-specific methods of helping
d. being aware of institutional barriers that prevent minorities from making full use of counseling services in the community
Q:
Multimodal therapy stresses:
a. relying exclusively on learning theory.
b. limiting practice to a few specific techniques.
c. adherence to an existential framework for practice.
d. technical eclecticism.
e. the role of the therapist's values in therapeutic outcomes.
Q:
Jean-Pierre told the family therapist that his wife loses control of her temper with their children because of his demanding work schedule and his inability to be there to support her. Which communication stance has he adopted?
a. blaming
b. placating
c. super reasonable
d. irrelevant
Q:
Which of the following is not part of the five-step treatment procedure used in a coping-skills program?
a. exposing clients to anxiety-provoking situations by means of role playing and imagery
b. evaluating the anxiety level of the client by using both physiological and psychological tests
c. teaching clients to become aware of the anxiety-provoking cognitions they experience in stressful situations
d. having the clients examine their thoughts through reevaluating their self-statements
e. noting the level of anxiety following reevaluation
Q:
Existentially, humans both long for and wish to escape from their freedom.
Q:
Which of the following is not considered an essential skill of an effective culturally competent counselor?
a. being able to modify techniques to accommodate cultural differences
b. being able to send and receive both verbal and nonverbal messages accurately
c. being able to get clients to intensify their feelings by helping them to vividly
reexperience early childhood events
d. assuming the role of consultant and change agent
Q:
Which of the following is not a part of dialectical behavior therapy?
a. the basic ID
b. exploration of early childhood traumas
c. mindfulness
d. group therapy
Q:
Which approach would be most interested in the appropriateness of hierarchical structure in the family?
a. Bowenian family therapy
b. human validation process model
c. structural family therapy
d. social constructionism
Q:
All of the following are true as they apply to self-instructional therapy, except that:
a. it was developed by Meichenbaum.
b. it is a form of cognitive restructuring.
c. it is an outgrowth of an approach used widely by crisis intervention workers called self-induced change therapy.
d. it is also known as cognitive behavior modification.
Q:
Existential therapy is especially appropriate for clients who are struggling with developmental crises.
Q:
You are working with an ethnic minority client who is silent during the initial phase of counseling. This silence is probably best interpreted as:
a. resistance.
b. a manifestation of uncooperative behavior.
c. a response consistent with his or her cultural context.
d. a clear sign that counseling will not work.
Q:
Which of the following is not a behavioral technique?
a. coaching
b. acceptance
c. analysis of transference
d. stress-management training
e. systematic desensitization
Q:
Which of the following individuals is not associated with family therapy?
a. Alfred Adler
b. Cloe Madanes
c. Albert Ellis
d. Salvador Minuchin
e. Carl Whitaker
Q:
Which REBT technique involves having the client do the very thing they avoid because of "what people might think?"
a. role playing
b. desensitization
c. cognitive homework
d. shame-attacking exercises
e. changing one's language
Q:
In the existential framework, inaction is a choice.
Q:
Culturally encapsulated counselors would be most likely to:
a. depend entirely on their own internalized value assumptions about what is good for people.
b. have an appreciation for a multicultural perspective in their counseling practice.
c. recognize the cultural dimensions their clients bring to therapy.
d. accept clients who have a different set of assumptions about life.
Q:
For people who experience difficulty in expressing what they think and feel, which behavioral technique would be most appropriate?
a. relaxation training
b. assertion training
c. operant conditioning
d. systematic desensitization
Q:
To prevent his parents from leaving the house, Miguel throws temper tantrums. His parents have given in to his demands and never go out to dinner or to movies anymore. A structural/strategic therapist working with Miguel and his parents will most likely:
a. have them participate in an enactment during the therapy session.
b. explain with a genogram the origins of Miguel's temper tantrums.
c. help Miguel's parents to develop differentiated selves.
d. do a lifestyle assessment.
Q:
Which of the following is not true about role playing in REBT?
a. It is a way of surfacing unfinished business.
b. It involves emotional components.
c. It involves behavioral components.
d. It helps pinpoint irrational beliefs.
e. It allows the client to work through underlying irrational beliefs.
Q:
The existential view is based on a growth mode and conceptualizes health rather than sickness.
Q:
During an initial session, an adolescent girl tells you that she is pregnant and is considering an abortion. Which of the following would be the most ethical and professional course for you to follow?
a. Encourage her to get the abortion as soon as possible, without exploring any other option.
b. Steer her toward having her baby and then consider adoption for her baby.
c. Suggest that she go to church and pray about her situation.
d. Help her to clarify the range of her choices in light of her own values.
Q:
Of the following, what would the Gestalt therapist be most likely to pay attention to in a therapy session?
a. thought patterns
b. nonverbal cues
c. contact and resistance to contact
d. evidences of irrational thinking and faulty assumptions
e. both (b) and (c)
Q:
The opposite of a differentiated self is experienced as:
a. emotional reactivity.
b. the integration of one's various parts.
c. movement toward self-actualization.
d. attunement with others.
Q:
The REBT technique that involves having clients imagine themselves in situations where they feel inappropriate feelings is called:
a. cognitive homework.
b. disputing irrational beliefs.
c. role playing.
d. shame-attacking exercises.
e. rational-emotive imagery.
Q:
Existential guilt is being aware of having evaded a commitment, or having chosen not to choose.
Q:
The author describes the characteristics of an effective counselor. By including this information in the chapter, he is hoping to convey the message that:
a. if you do not possess all of these characteristics, you are doomed to fail in the helping professions.
b. deficits in these qualities almost always require years of psychoanalysis.
c. you should develop your own concept of what personality traits you think are essential to strive for to promote your own personal growth.
d. those who possess all of these qualities can bypass the requirement to participate in clinical supervision.
Q:
The defense(s) that is (are) considered the major channel of resistance is (are):
a. introjection.
b. projection.
c. retroflection.
d. sublimation.
e. all but (d)
Q:
Structural family therapy includes all of the following goals except for bringing about structural change by:
a. modifying the family's transactional rules.
b. developing more appropriate boundaries.
c. creating an effective hierarchical structure.
d. reducing symptoms of dysfunction.
e. the therapist taking a not-knowing stance with a family.
Q:
According to REBT, it is important to change the way one uses language because:
a. imprecise language is one of the causes of distorted thinking processes.
b. language shapes thinking and behavior.
c. language shapes feelings.
d. all of these
Q:
Martin Buber stressed the importance of presence, which allows for the creation of I/Thou relationships in therapy.
Q:
With regard to the role of counselors' personal values in therapy, it is appropriate for counselors to:
a. teach and persuade clients to act the right way.
b. maintain an indifferent, neutral, and passive role by simply listening to everything the client reports.
c. avoid challenging the values of clients.
d. avoid the imposition of their values, yet expose their values to clients.
Q:
If a client were to indicate an interest in exploring some traumatic childhood experience, the Gestalt therapist would most likely ask the client to:
a. look at the beliefs leading to certain feelings.
b. tell a story about this past experience.
c. set up specific goals aimed at behavior change.
d. relive the experience as though it were taking place now.
Q:
In working with a triangulated relationship, Bowen would be inclined to place primary emphasis on:
a. joining the family.
b. engaging in personal self-disclosure to build trust.
c. maintaining a stance of neutrality.
d. siding with one member involved in the triangle.
e. identifying behavioral goals to guide the therapy.
Q:
Which of the following REBT techniques helps a client gradually learn to deal with anxiety and challenge basic irrational thinking?
a. biofeedback
b. cognitive homework
c. dream analysis
d. skill training
e. assertiveness training
Q:
This approach puts emphasis on the therapist as a person and the quality of the client/therapist
relationship as one of the prime factors in determining the outcomes of therapy.
Q:
Personal therapy for therapists can be instrumental in assisting them:
a. to heal their own psychological wounds.
b. to gain an experiential sense of what it is like to be a client.
c. to understand their own needs and motives for choosing to become professional helpers.
d. to work through their own personal conflicts.
e. all of these
Q:
The Gestalt approach is a form of which general orientation to therapy?
a. existential
b. cognitive
c. behavioral
d. social-learning
Q:
A couple directs the focus of their energy toward a problematic son as a way to avoid facing or dealing with their own conflicts. This is an example of:a. enmeshment.b. normal love.c. displacement.d. triangulation.e. diffusion.
Q:
Which of the following is true about the relationship between a client and a rational emotive behavior therapist?
a. Therapists make value judgments in helping their clients gain insight.
b. It is characterized by full acceptance and tolerance.
c. Personal warmth is considered to be very important.
d. The therapist assumes a nondirective stance.
e. Transference is encouraged to develop.
Q:
A major criticism of the existential approach is that it lacks a systematic statement of the principles and practices of psychotherapy.
Q:
In the text, the main reason given for having counseling students receive some form of psychotherapy is to help them:
a. work through early childhood trauma.
b. learn to deal with countertransference.
c. recognize and resolve their co-dependent tendencies.
d. become self-actualized individuals.
Q:
All of the following are a part of Gestalt therapy except:
a. unfinished business.
b. striving for superiority.
c. energy and blocks to energy.
d. avoidance.
Q:
Which approach asserts that emotional fusion to one's family must be addressed if one hopes to achieve a mature and unique personality?
a. Bowenian family therapy
b. Adlerian family therapy
c. social constructionism
d. strategic family therapy
e. solution-oriented therapy
Q:
In REBT, what method is taught to clients to help them challenge irrational beliefs?
a. autogenic method
b. disputational method
c. self-management method
d. phenomenological method
e. multimodal method
Q:
According to the existential view, death makes life meaningless.
Q:
Which of the statements below about Motivational Interviewing is accurate?
a. MI works by activating clients' own motivation for change and adherence to treatment.
b. Practitioners using Motivational Interviewing must develop the ability to confront their clients regularly when they encounter resistance.
c. The therapeutic relationship is not regarded as important in achieving successful outcomes.
d. Responsibility for change rests with the counselor.
e. None of the above.
Q:
Which approach assumes that a family can best be understood when it is analyzed from at least a three-generational perspective?
a. Bowenian family therapy
b. human validation process model
c. social constructionism
d. strategic family therapy
e. experiential/symbolic family therapy
Q:
An REBT therapist would contend that anxiety stems from:
a. unresolved issues of the past.
b. inadequate ego-defense mechanisms.
c. the internal repetition of irrational sentences.
d. a normal human condition that should be accepted.
e. oppressive social conditions.
Q:
Existentialists claim that the use of specific techniques is the cornerstone of the approach.
Q:
In the text, all of the following are listed as characteristics of the counselor as a therapeutic person except:
a. counselors have a sense of humor.
b. counselors no longer have to cope with personal problems.
c. counselors feel alive and their choices are life-oriented.
d. counselors make mistakes and they are willing to admit them.
e. counselors appreciate the influence of culture.
Q:
Rogers describes people as having which characteristic(s) as they move toward self-actualization?
a. openness to experience
b. internal sources of evaluation
c. capacity to challenge transference relationship
d. ability to undermine irrational thought patterns
e. both (a) and (b)
Q:
Chun Hei is a Korean immigrant who has been separated from her family and friends for over a year since she came to the U.S. with her husband. She spends her days taking care of their two young children while he goes to work, and feels increasingly depressed without her support system. It is likely that a family therapist who meets Chun Hei:
a. would prescribe her antidepressant medication.
b. would be very interested in how her depression affects others in the family and how it influences family process.
c. would abandon using a systems approach, and treat her with cognitive behavioral methods.
d. would be directive and tell her to convince her husband to go back to Korea so she will once again have family support.
Q:
According to Ellis, we develop emotional and behavioral difficulties because:
a. we think of simple preferences as dire needs.
b. we live by the values our parents gave us.
c. we refuse to deal with unfinished business.
d. we have learned maladaptive behaviors.
e. we do not possess any self-actualizing tendencies.
Q:
During the initial phase of counseling, existentially oriented therapists assist clients in identifying and clarifying their assumptions about the world.
Q:
An authentic counselor is best described as:
a. having the highest regard for all clients.
b. being willing to be totally open and self-disclosing.
c. being a technical expert who is committed to objectivity.
d. being willing to shed stereotyped roles and being a real person.
Q:
Person-centered therapists contend that change cannot occur without:
a. a behavior plan.
b. a growth promoting climate.
c. catharsis.
d. discussion of the client's dreams.
e. understanding the client's family constellation.
Q:
____________________ views the counselor and therapist as an observer who is outside of the system, can assess what is going on, and can promote changeall without ever becoming part of the system.
a. First-order cybernetics
b. Second-order cybernetics
c. Third-order cybernetics
d. Fourth-order cybernetics
Q:
Which of the following is the correct order of the three phases of Meichenbaum's stress-inoculation program?
a. conceptual-application-rehearsal
b. application-conceptual-rehearsal
c. application-rehearsal-conceptual
d. rehearsal-conceptual-application
e. conceptual-rehearsal-application
Q:
Existential anxiety is seen as a function of our acceptance of our aloneness.
Q:
Regarding psychotherapy treatment outcome, research suggests all of the following except:
a. the therapist as a person is an integral part of successful treatment.
b. the therapeutic relationship is an essential component of effective treatment.
c. both the therapy methods and the therapy relationship make contributions to treatment
outcome.
d. therapy techniques are the key component of successful treatment
Q:
According to Maslow, the core characteristics of self-actualizing people include all of the following except:
a. self-awareness
b. freedom
c. basic honesty and caring
d. trust and autonomy
e. dichotomies within oneself
Q:
Roger and his wife are experiencing tension in their relationship because he believes she is far too lenient with their children when they misbehave. This forces him to play the role of "bad cop" as a parent, which makes him angry. A family therapist working with Roger and his family might:
a. help to modify the family's transactional rules and develop more appropriate boundaries.
b. refer Roger to individual therapy since he clearly needs to work through his unresolved issues that are causing him to feel so angry.
c. take Roger's side and educate his wife about appropriate disciplinary practices.
d. focus on getting the children to stop misbehaving so that Roger and his wife won"t experience this tension.
Q:
Sonia, a recovering alcoholic, is going through relapse prevention. During this process, it is likely that she will:
a. be taught to view any lapses that occur as "learning opportunities" rather than "catastrophic failures."
b. avoid exploring possible high-risk stressful situations that she could encounter.
c. learn that a lapse in willpower will have catastrophic results.
d. undergo hypnosis.
Q:
From the existential viewpoint, anxiety is seen as a neurotic manifestation; thus the aim of therapy is to eliminate anxiety so clients can live comfortably.
Q:
Clients place more value on ________________than on ___________________
a. the personality of the therapist; the specific techniques used.
b. the specific techniques used; the personality of the therapist.
c. the therapist's theoretical orientation; the quality of the services being provided.
d. the aesthetics of the therapeutic setting; the personality of the therapist.
Q:
The most important variable related to therapeutic progress is:
a. the therapist's skills.
b. the client/therapist relationship.
c. objective assessment and diagnosis.
d. the client's willingness to participate in exercises.
Q:
A major contribution of Whitaker's approach to family therapy is:
a. birth order as a determinant of personality.
b. differentiation of the self.
c. genogram work.
d. spontaneity, creativity, and play as therapeutic factors in family therapy.
e. the use of bibliotherapy as an adjunct to treatment.
Q:
Beck's cognitive therapy involves all of the options below except:
a. helping clients recognize and discard self defeating thinking.
b. looking at a client's "internal dialogue."
c. correcting erroneous beliefs.
d. conducting a lifestyle assessment.
Q:
According to existential thinking, effective therapy does not stop with awareness, for clients are challenged to take action based on their insights.
Q:
According to the text, research shows that counselor values influence:
a. therapy goals.
b. assessment strategies.
c. treatment outcome.
d. all of these
e. none of these
Q:
Which of the following is not an existential key concept?
a. capacity for self-awareness
b. exploring the client's quality world
c. freedom and responsibility
d. search for meaning
e. authenticity
Q:
The techniques of joining, accommodating, unbalancing, tracking, and boundary making are most likely to be part of which approach to family therapy?
a. Bowenian family therapy
b. Adlerian family therapy
c. structural family therapy
d. strategic family therapy
e. experiential/symbolic family therapy
Q:
A feature of REBT that distinguishes it from other cognitive-behavioral therapies is:
a. its use of the A-B-C theory in analyzing the client.
b. its use of behavioral techniques.
c. its applicability to group work.
d. its systematic exposition of irrational beliefs that result in emotional and behavioral disturbance.
Q:
Existential therapists strive to be their authentic selves when working with clients.
Q:
It is especially important for counselors who work with culturally diverse client populations to:
a. be aware of their own cultural heritage.
b. have a broad base of counseling techniques that can be employed with flexibility.
c. consider the cultural context of their clients in determining what interventions are appropriate.
d. examine their own assumptions about cultural values.
e. all of these
Q:
From an existential perspective, anxiety is viewed as:
a. the result of negative self-talk.
b. the result of internalized introjects.
c. the conflict between the id and the superego.
d. part and parcel of human existence.
e. the result of ineffective planning.
Q:
Which approach to family therapy contends that one's current family problems will not significantly change until relationship patterns in one's family of origin are understood and directly challenged?a. Bowenian family therapyb. human validation process modelc. structural family therapyd. strategic family therapy
Q:
Cognitive restructuring plays an important role in whose approach to therapy?
a. Albert Ellis
b. Donald Meichenbaum
c. A. T. Beck
d. Judith Beck
e. all of these