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Counseling
Q:
In the existential approach, techniques are primary, while subjective understanding of clients is secondary.
Q:
An experiential approach is Gestalt therapy, which offers a range of experiments to help clients gain awareness of what they are experiencing in the here and now.
Q:
Within this approach, therapy is viewed as:
a. a form of operant conditioning.
b. a shared journey between therapist and client.
c. a process of exploring unconscious dynamics.
d. a process of exploring the system one lives in.
e. an intellectual and emotional debate aimed at changing one's irrational beliefs.
Q:
The one central principle agreed upon by family therapy practitioners, regardless of their particular approach, is that
a. the client is connected to living systems.
b. family dysfunction is typically caused by the most dominant family member.
c. lack of differentiation is the primary cause of all family dysfunction.
d. the empty chair technique is the most effective technique.
e. none of these
Q:
Which theorist is known for his or her abrasive, humorous, and flamboyant style?
a. Albert Ellis
b. Aaron Beck
c. Judith Beck
d. Carl Rogers
e. Natalie Rogers
Q:
Existential therapy is rooted in the premise that humans cannot escape from freedom and responsibility.
Q:
Michael White and David Epston are the major figures associated with narrative therapy.
Q:
Which term or phrase is least likely to be used by an existential therapist?
a. restricted existence
b. personal responsibility
c. systematic desensitization
d. anxiety
e. nonbeing
Q:
Which of the following is least associated with Satir's human validation process model?
a. family rules
b. functional versus dysfunctional communication patterns
c. family roles and triads
d. storied lives and narratives
e. defensive stances in coping with stress
Q:
Which method is not employed in REBT?
a. the "homework assignment" method
b. the contract method
c. the logical analysis method
d. behavioral and action methods
e. free association
Q:
Existential therapy grew out of a reaction to the limitations of both the psychoanalytic and deterministic stance.
Q:
Reality therapy is based on choice theory and focuses on the client assuming responsibility in the present.
Q:
Adler used the term or phrase _______________ to account for our striving toward superiority or perfection.
a. perfectionism
b. guiding self-ideal
c. narcissism
d. neurotic striving
e. the Napoleon Syndrome
Q:
Which of the following roles and functions would be least interesting to a structural family therapist?
a. joining the family in a position of leadership
b. giving voice to the therapist's own impulses and fantasies
c. mapping the underlying structure of a family
d. intervening in ways designed to transform an ineffective structure of a family
e. being a stage director
Q:
The role of the client in rational emotive behavior therapy is like that of a:
a. co-therapist.
b. passive observer.
c. student or learner.
d. partner.
Q:
The outcomes of existential therapy have been submitted to rigorous empirical testing.
Q:
Donald Meichenbaum is a prominent contributor to the development of cognitive behavior therapy.
Q:
Adlerians would be least likely to use which of the following techniques?
a. advice
b. paradoxical intention
c. empty-chair
d. lifestyle assessment
e. early recollections
Q:
A tool for collecting and organizing key relationships in a three-generational extended family is a:
a. lifestyle assessment.
b. family sketch.
c. genogram.
d. projective test.
e. power analysis.
Q:
Who developed a cognitive behavioral program for diet and maintenance and has written trade books about this topic?
a. Albert Ellis
b. Robert Wubbolding
c. Gerald Corey
d. Judith Beck
e. Donald Meichenbaum
Q:
Existential therapy can best be considered as a system of highly developed techniques designed to foster authenticity.
Q:
Reality therapy applies the principles of learning to the resolution of specific behavioral problems.
Q:
All of the following are key concepts of this approach except for:
a. fictional finalism.
b. Gemeinschaftscefuhl.
c. striving for significance and superiority.
d. quality world.
e. social interest.
Q:
Which of the following techniques is a strategic family therapist least likely to use?
a. asking about attempted solutions to a problem
b. directives
c. family sculpting
d. reframing
e. paradoxical interventions
Q:
REBT can best be considered as:
a. an educative process.
b. a didactic process.
c. a process challenging ideas and thinking.
d. a teaching/learning process.
e. all of these.
Q:
Rollo May has been instrumental in translating some concepts drawn from existential philosophy and applying them to psychotherapy.
Q:
Rudolf Dreikurs is credited with popularizing the Adlerian approach in the United States.
Q:
Another term for Adlerian therapy is:
a. the psychosocial approach.
b. control theory.
c. humanistic psychology.
d. individual psychology.
Q:
Which is(are) a key role (or roles) of most family therapists?
a. teacher
b. model
c. coach
d. consultant
e. all of these
Q:
The main function of the rational emotive behavior therapist is to:
a. become an "existential partner" with the client.
b. create a climate of safety and freedom from threat.
c. challenge clients to reevaluate their ideas and philosophy of life.
d. encourage the client to experience fully the here-and-now.
e. help the client relive past emotional traumas.
Q:
Time-limited existential treatments:
a. mirror the time-limited reality of human existence.
b. are by definition, lacking in depth and richness.
c. lack structure and clear goals.
d. are well studied and shown to be effective.
Q:
Much of effective therapy is the product of artistry.
Q:
The concept of "private logic" refers to:
a. the person's search for meaning in life.
b. concepts about self, others, and life that constitute the philosophy on which one's lifestyle is based.
c. irrational ideas that lead to emotional upsets.
d. catastrophic expectations that lead to anxiety.
Q:
The systems perspective implies:
a. individuals are autonomous and independent of their families.
b. the external environment is the most powerful influence on an individual's development.
c. individuals are best understood through the context of their role in their family.
d. systematic intervention is required to deconstruct an unhealthy family interaction pattern.
Q:
The main therapeutic goal of REBT is:
a. to teach clients how to recognize which ego state they are in.
b. to make the unconscious conscious.
c. to assist the client in becoming aware of his or her "being-in-the-world."
d. to challenge the client in making both a value judgment and moral decision about the quality of his or her behavior.
e. none of these
Q:
Existential therapy groups are particularly helpful for clients working on:
a. self-actualization.
b. issues of responsibility.
c. reducing problematic behaviors.
d. exploring family dynamics.
Q:
Techniques can counteract a client"therapist relationship that is lacking in certain respects.
Q:
According to the psychoanalytic perspective:
a. people are motivated by social interest.
b. people have a tendency to adopt irrational modes of thinking.
c. people are determined by early childhood experiences.
d. people define themselves by the choices they make.
e. people strive to discover meaning in life.
Q:
A major contribution of Bowen's theory is the notion of:
a. birth order as a determinant of personality.
b. differentiation of the self.
c. family rules and communication patterns.
d. spontaneity, creativity, and play as therapeutic factors in family therapy.
Q:
REBT employs what kind of method to help people resolve their emotional and behavioral problems?
a. the phenomenological method
b. the empirical method
c. the Gestalt method
d. the philosophical method
Q:
The existential approach is particularly well-suited to clients who:
a. are dealing with grief and loss.
b. are victims of oppression.
c. have limited intellectual capacities.
d. suffer from severe mental illness.
Q:
With respect to mastering the techniques of counseling and applying them appropriately and effectively, it is Corey's belief that you are your own very best technique.
Q:
Which of the following structures of personality houses our childish impulses?
a. the id
b. the ego
c. the superego
d. the collective unconscious
e. the libido
Q:
What is the technique in family therapy that casts a new light on a problem and provides a different interpretation for a problematic situation?
a. reorganization
b. family mapping
c. restructuring
d. reframing
e. joining
Q:
Which of the following statements does not reflect one of Ellis's three basic musts?
a. "If others fail to treat me well, they must be miserable human beings."
b. "Others must like me and appreciate my talents or else I am a failure."
c. "I must be kind to others or else I won"t be a good person."
d. "I must get what I want when I want it or I won"t be able to stand it."
Q:
From a scientific perspective, existential psychotherapy:
a. is well researched.
b. lends itself easily to evaluation due to its clearly defined principles and techniques.
c. fits well into the framework of evidence-based practice.
d. none of these.
Q:
Those practicing brief therapy are in business to change clients, to give them quick advice, and to solve their problems for them.
Q:
Self psychology and object-relations theory stress:
a. the influence of critical factors in early development on later development.
b. the differentiation between and integration of the self and others.
c. the importance of the family constellation and early memories.
d. the striving for superiority based on inferiority feelings.
e. both (a) and (b)
Q:
From the family systems perspective, symptoms are often viewed as:
a. an expression of a set of habits and patterns within a family.
b. evidence of psychopathology.
c. a sign of weakness.
d. a result of cognitive distortions.
e. blocked energy.
Q:
REBT contends that people:
a. have a need to be loved and accepted by everyone.
b. need to be accepted by most people.
c. will become emotionally sick if they are rejected.
d. do not need to be accepted and loved.
Q:
From a multicultural perspective, some clients may reject this approach because:
a. it is founded on abstract, westernized notions that are not widely applicable.
b. their life circumstances provide them with truly limited choices.
c. death anxiety is not a central issue in all cultures.
d. the use of techniques may be overwhelming for them.
Q:
Psychotherapy is a process of engagement between two people, both of whom are bound to change through the therapeutic venture.
Q:
Who is not associated with the object-relations approach?
a. Heinz Kohut
b. Otto Kernberg
c. Erik Erikson
d. Margaret Mahler
e. Anna Freud
Q:
The concept of triangulation is most associated with:
a. Virginia Satir.
b. Murray Bowen.
c. Salvador Minuchin.
d. Carl Whitaker.
e. Rudolf Dreikurs.
Q:
According to REBT, what is the core of most emotional disturbance?
a. blame
b. resentment
c. rage
d. unfinished business
e. depression
Q:
In the book Staring at the Sun: Overcoming the Terror of Death (2008), ________________develops the idea that confronting death enables us to live in a more compassionate way.
a. Martin Buber
b. Justin Bieber
c. Irvin Yalom
d. Stephen King
e. Ludwig Binswanger
Q:
Both family therapy and feminist therapy are based on the premise that to understand the individual it is essential to take into consideration the interpersonal dimensions and the sociocultural context rather than focusing primarily on the intrapsychic domain.
Q:
In psychoanalytic therapy, dream analysis:
a. reveals a client's unconscious wishes, needs, and fears.
b. gives insight into some areas of unresolved problems.
c. often involves free association.
d. all of the above
e. all but (c)
Q:
Who was the person who refined Adler's concepts into a typology of mistaken goals and an organized approach to family therapy?
a. Virginia Satir
b. Jay Haley
c. Cloe Madanes
d. Carl Whitaker
e. Rudolf Dreikurs
Q:
REBT views emotional disturbances as the result of:
a. inadequate mothering during infancy.
b. failure to fulfill our existential needs.
c. excessive feelings.
d. irrational thinking and behaving.
Q:
When working with a client living a restricted existence, an existential therapist would likely:
a. explore the developmental origins of these feelings.
b. develop a specific behavioral plan to help the client get "un-stuck".
c. encourage the client to do a shame-attacking exercise.
d. make the client aware of how his or her current ways of living are keeping him or her stuck.
e. use cognitive restructuring techniques.
Q:
Since Corey challenges the deterministic notion that humans are the product of their early conditioning and, thus, are victims of their past, he believes that an exploration of the past is rarely useful.
Q:
A contribution of object-relations theory is that:
a. it provides an extension of psychoanalytic concepts.
b. it offers a new perspective on human development.
c. it provides ways of working with certain character disorders.
d. it shows how earlier experiences with significant others are important in terms of present relationships.
e. all of the above
Q:
Postmodern thought has contributed to family therapy by:
a. minimizing the role of assessment.
b. promoting the therapist's view of clients as the experts on their own lives.
c. developing an individual therapy application of the family systems approach.
d. introducing the concept of triangulation.
e. promoting the therapist's role as being directive.
Q:
The correct components of the A-B-C theory of personality are:
a. antecedent, behavior, consequences.
b. activating events, behaviors, cognitions.
c. antecedent, belief, cognitions.
d. activating event, belief, consequence.
Q:
The goals of existential therapy include all but_________?
a. helping clients become more honest with themselves.
b. broadening clients' awareness of their choices.
c. helping clients to eliminate anxiety in their lives.
d. enabling clients to clarify their purpose and meaning in life.
Q:
An integrative perspective is not developed in a random fashion.
Q:
A contribution of the Adlerian approach is:
a. Adler's influence on most of the other therapy systems.
b. the concept of redecision therapy.
c. its methods of analysis of transference.
d. its techniques which help clients relive past emotional events in the here-and-now.
Q:
Alfred Adler was the first to notice that the development of children within family constellations was heavily influenced by:
a. the power structure within the family.
b. cultural context in which a family resides.
c. balance of leadership between parents.
d. jealousy and rivalry among the children.
e. birth order.
Q:
The cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy stresses:
a. support, understanding, warmth, and empathy.
b. awareness, unfinished business, impasse, and experiencing.
c. thinking, judging, analyzing, and doing.
d. subjectivity, existential anxiety, self-actualization, and being.
e. transference, dream analysis, uncovering unconscious, and early experience.
Q:
Being alone is a process by which we do all of the following except:
a. learn to tolerate feelings of isolation.
b. develop strength and self-reliance.
c. develop a deep understanding of ourselves.
d. reject the social overtures of others.
Q:
An undisciplined mixture of approaches can be an excuse for failing to develop a sound rationale for systematically adhering to certain concepts and to the techniques that are extensions of them.
Q:
A limitation of Adlerian therapy is that:
a. it does not deal adequately with intrapersonal factors.
b. it does not take into account family patterns.
c. it underemphasizes social factors in personality.
d. it has not been extensively subjected to research.
Q:
Which of the following statements about strategic family therapy is not true?
a. Therapy is brief, process-focused, and solution-oriented.
b. Change results when the family follows the therapist's directions and change transactions.
c. The focus is on solving problems in the present.
d. The therapist designs strategies for change.
e. Presenting problems are viewed as being symptomatic of a dysfunction within the system.
Q:
Rational emotive behavior therapy belongs to which category of therapy?
a. existential-humanistic
b. client-centered
c. psychoanalytic
d. Gestalt
e. cognitive-behavior/action oriented
Q:
Which of the following is not considered a basic dimension of the human condition?
a. capacity for self-awareness
b. striving for acceptance of others
c. establishing meaningful relationships with others
d. freedom and responsibility
e. anxiety as a condition of living
Q:
Which of the following is not an issue that Stan struggles with?
a. fear of being alone
b. fear of intimate relationships with women
c. substance use
d. lacking a sense of direction and meaning in his life
e. aggressive outbursts
Q:
A limitation of reality therapy is:
a. that it does not adequately address unconscious factors.
b. the focus on a client's problems, not strengths.
c. the many lofty and abstract concepts.
d. that it ignores behavior change by overstressing attitude change.
e. that it requires lengthy professional training to use many of the concepts in practice.
Q:
Which family therapist made use of innovative interventions such as metaphor, reframing, rules for interaction, parts party, family reconstructions, family sculpting, and family maps?
a. Bowen
b. Minuchin
c. Satir
d. Whitaker
e. Haley
Q:
The founder of rational emotive behavior therapy is:
a. William Glasser.
b. Frederick Perls.
c. Albert Ellis.
d. Joseph Wolpe.
e. Aaron Beck.