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Counseling
Q:
Existential therapy is unlike many other therapies in that:
a. it does not have a well-defined set of techniques.
b. it stresses the I/Thou encounter in the therapy process.
c. it focuses on the use of the therapist's self as the core of therapy.
d. it allows for incorporation of techniques from many other approaches.
e. all of these.
Q:
Effective psychotherapy is a practice in which:
a. the therapist solves problems for clients.
b. the therapist is merely a skilled technician.
c. the client and therapist collaborate in co-constructing solutions to problems.
d. the client is in complete control of the direction of the therapy.
Q:
A limitation of rational emotive behavior therapy is:
a. it is not a confrontational approach.
b. the danger of it being an overly intellectual approach that could explain away feelings.
c. the extreme focus on experiencing feelings to the exclusion of recognizing cognitive factors.
d. it does not consider exploring transference as worthwhile.
e. both (b) and (d)
Q:
Who was the first person of the modern era to do family therapy?
a. Adler
b. Minuchin
c. Bowen
d. Satir
e. Haley
Q:
There is little empirical support for ACT.
Q:
The therapist's presence is:
a. a condition of therapeutic change.
b. a goal of therapeutic change.
c. both a condition and a goal of therapeutic change.
d. neither a condition nor a goal of therapeutic change.
Q:
A comprehensive approach to counseling:
a. goes beyond focusing on our internal dynamics and addresses those environmental and systemic realities that influence us.
b. focuses almost exclusively on the client's internal dynamics.
c. focuses primarily on the therapist's internal reactions to the client's behavior.
d. focuses only on systemic factors.
Q:
A limitation of behavior therapy is:
a. the overemphasis on insight.
b. the results of therapy cannot be objectively assessed.
c. the treatment goals are too broad.
d. the directive approach may overwhelm clients from collectivistic cultures.
e. the necessity for long-term therapy to effect any change.
Q:
In social constructionism, the therapist assumes the role of expert, rather than adopting a
collaborative or consultative stance.
Q:
Both Linehan and Lazurus emphasize the importance of the therapeutic relationship in behavioral treatments.
Q:
For Sartre, existential guilt is what we experience when:
a. we do not live by the Ten Commandments.
b. we fail to think about the welfare of others.
c. we allow others to define us or to make our choices for us.
d. we reflect on all that we might have done and failed to do.
Q:
Which of the following statements best describes the author's view of the medical model?
a. Corey appreciates the focus on psychopathology and believes it gives clinicians the tools to assess what's wrong with clients.
b. A focus on the medical model restricts therapeutic practice because it stresses deficits rather than strengths.
c. The medical model emphasizes strengths and competencies rather than psychopathology.
d. The medical model is especially relevant for culturally diverse client populations.
Q:
A limitation of the postmodern approaches is that:
a. they are deterministic.
b. they cannot be applied with a wide range of clients.
c. they do not generate many techniques.
d. they rely too heavily on the therapist as expert.
e. inexperienced clinicians may use the techniques in a mechanistic fashion.
Q:
In solution-focused therapy, behavior change is viewed as the most effective approach to assisting people in enhancing their lives.
Q:
Acceptance and commitment therapy is not a mindfulness based approach.
Q:
A statement that best illustrates "bad faith" is:
a. Naturally I"m this way, because I grew up in an alcoholic family.
b. I will not consider others in the choices I make.
c. I must live by commitments I make.
d. I am responsible for the choices that I make.
Q:
Francesca, a cognitive behavioral therapist, likes to give homework assignments to her clients. What might her rationale be for doing this?
a. Homework can be a vehicle for assisting her clients in putting into action what they are learning in therapy.
b. By assigning homework to her clients, she establishes her clear authority over them (as if she is their teacher).
c. She is probably a novice therapist who is insecure about her skills; thus, by assigning homework, she may feel like she is being more productive.
d. In order to be reimbursed by insurance companies, Francesca is required to give her clients homework assignments.
Q:
A limitation of the person-centered approach is that:
a. it discounts the value of the therapeutic relationship.
b. it focuses too much on the past.
c. it requires a lengthy period of time.
d. some practitioners give support to their clients without challenging them.
e. it lacks support from research.
Q:
Modernists believe in objective reality and assume that it can be observed and systematically known through the scientific method.
Q:
Behavior therapy groups employ a long-term treatment model.
Q:
According to Yalom, the concern(s) that make(s) up the core of existential psychodynamics
is/are:
a. death.
b. freedom.
c. isolation.
d. meaninglessness.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which approach was developed during the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against psychoanalysis?
a. person-centered therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. Adlerian therapy
d. reality therapy
e. cognitive therapy
Q:
A limitation of the existential approach is:
a. few techniques are generated from this approach.
b. it is a deterministic theory.
c. it does not give the client enough responsibility for the therapy process.
d. the systematic description of past influences and how these are significant in current behavior.
e. none of the above
Q:
Solution-focused therapists often use scaling questions.
Q:
Dialectical behavior therapy requires both individual and group treatment.
Q:
The central theme running through the works of Viktor Frankl is:
a. that freedom is a myth.
b. the will to meaning.
c. self-disclosure as the key to mental health.
d. the notion of self-actualization.
e. being thrown into the universe without purpose.
Q:
Which of these statements about interventions is true?
a. It is helpful to use one type of intervention with most clients.
b. During the course of an individual's therapy, different interventions may be needed at different times.
c. It is best to require clients to adapt to your approach to counseling and the interventions that you are skilled at using.
d. You should only use counseling interventions when you are certified or licensed.
Q:
A limitation of psychoanalysis is that:
a. few techniques are generated by this approach.
b. it minimizes the client's ability to choose their outcomes.
c. there is not enough emphasis on action and doing as requisites for change.
d. it does not account for unconscious factors or for the effects of early learning.
e. both (b) and (c)
Q:
According to feminist therapists, gender equality permeates most narratives about normal human development.
Q:
Evidence-based procedures are a part of both behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.
Q:
Therapy is viewed as a ___________________in the sense that the interpersonal and existential problems of the client will become apparent in the here and now of the therapy relationship.
a. social microcosm
b. "touchy feely" encounter
c. living laboratory
d. tension-filled encounter
Q:
What type of factors oftentimes limit our freedom of choice?
a. social
b. environmental
c. cultural
d. biological
e. all of these
Q:
A contribution of reality therapy is that:
a. it provides insight into causes of problems.
b. it changes core beliefs.
c. it focuses on assisting clients to relive past trauma.
d. it explains childhood influences on present behavior.
e. it consists of simple and clear concepts that can be easily understood by a variety of people in the helping professions.
Q:
The narrative approach is part of the social construction model.
Q:
The basic therapeutic conditions stressed by person-centered therapists can be integrated into a behavioral framework.
Q:
According to existentialists, our search for meaning involves all of these except:
a. discarding old values.
b. meaninglessness.
c. creating our own value system.
d. exploring unfinished business.
e. the struggle for significance in life.
Q:
Which of the following statements about theories or models of counseling/ psychotherapy is true?
a. Extensive research has shown that certain popular models of psychotherapy are "wrong."
b. There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society.
c. Accepting the validity of one model implies rejecting the validity of other models.
d. Theoretical pluralism has been frowned on by several major professional organizations.
Q:
A contribution of REBT is:
a. the "I-Thou" relationship between client and therapist.
b. the emphasis on understanding the subjective world of the client.
c. the emphasis on putting newly acquired insights into action via the "homework assignment" method.
d. the emphasis on cathartic experience of one's feelings.
Q:
The linguistic approach stresses the expert role of the therapist in suggesting solutions to a family's problems.
Q:
Multimodal therapy does not fit well with the goals and aspirations of managed care.
Q:
Existentialists contend that the experience of relatedness to other human beings:
a. is a neurotically dependent attachment.
b. should be based on our needs and theirs.
c. is healthy if balanced with aloneness.
d. is not necessary, since we are basically alone.
Q:
The author makes a case for:
a. initially getting an overview of the major theoretical orientations, and then delving more deeply into each approach.
b. delving deeply into one approach initially and then taking a superficial look at other theoretical models.
c. learning the theories of counseling only after starting to work with clients in order to make the theories more relevant.
d. the reader to choose the approach to which s/he subscribes.
Q:
A contribution of behavior therapy is that:
a. it provides a plausible explanation of personality development.
b. it focuses on insight.
c. it emphasizes freedom, choice, and deciding.
d. it is a pragmatic approach based on experimental validation of the results.
Q:
In postmodern thinking, language and the use of language in stories create meaning.
Q:
Behavior therapists believe that insight is not a necessary condition for behavior change to occur.
Q:
Who was the Danish philosopher that addressed the role of anxiety and uncertainty in life?
a. Medard Boss
b. Jean-Paul Sartre
c. Soren Kierkegaard
d. Martin Buber
e. Friedrich Nietzsche
Q:
Presenting one model to which all trainees subscribe
a. is what the counseling profession endorses at present.
b. is likely to be a reality by the year 2020 when the CACREP standards are revisited.
c. is dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients.
d. is illegal in the Northeastern region of the U.S., but not in other parts of the country.
Q:
A contribution of the Gestalt approach is:
a. the emphasis on the therapist's interpretations.
b. the attention given to the role of irrational beliefs as a cause of emotional disturbances.
c. focusing on unfinished business in the past in a way that is immediate and direct.
d. the attention it gives to the therapeutic contract.
e. the emphasis on value judgments in therapy.
Q:
Assessment and therapy techniques are more important than empathy to a social constructionist.
Q:
Dialectical behavior therapy integrates behavioral techniques with psychoanalytic concepts and mindfulness training of Eastern psychological and spiritual practices.
Q:
Ursula lived in New York City on 9/11. Ever since experiencing the aftermath of the terrorist attacks, she has felt anxiety about going to the upper level floors of tall buildings. As an existentially oriented therapist, you might conclude that:
a. Ursula is highly neurotic.
b. Ursula's fears are completely unfounded.
c. Ursula's anxiety is normal in light of the traumatic experience she had on 9/11.
d. Ursula is on the verge of becoming psychotic.
Q:
Which humanistic approach emphasizes the basic attitudes of the therapist as the
core of the therapeutic process?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. cognitive-behavioral therapy
e. family therapy
Q:
A contribution of the person-centered approach is:
a. its applicability to nonverbal clients.
b. the active stance of the therapist.
c. the wide variety of techniques generated.
d. its emphasis on the therapeutic relationship and the attitudes of the therapist as crucial.
e. the systematic description of past influences and how these are significant in current behavior.
Q:
Solution-oriented therapy differs from both strategic and traditional models by eschewing the past in favor of focusing on the future.
Q:
Behavior therapy has undergone important changes and has expanded considerably.
Q:
Existentially, the ideas of freedom and responsibility suggest:
a. our freedom requires us to accept responsibility for directing our own life.
b. we are free to choose who we will be.
c. you cannot have one without the other.
d. all of these.
Q:
Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral action-oriented therapies?
a. existential therapy
b. cognitive therapy
c. reality therapy
d. behavior therapy
e. rational emotive behavior therapy
Q:
A contribution of the existential approach is:
a. the freedom of both the client and therapist to be creative during the therapy sessions.
b. the specific and precise goals of treatment.
c. the development of a specific set of techniques.
d. the wide applicability for lower-functioning clients.
e. the standardization of the approach.
Q:
While there are few studies of SFBT, brief therapies have been shown to be effective.
Q:
There is no place for the role of thinking process and attitudes in contemporary behavior therapy.
Q:
Which of the following is not true about Rollo May?
a. He is most responsible for translating European existentialism into American psychotherapeutic theory and practice.
b. He focuses on the subjective dimension of therapy.
c. He is a significant spokesman for the existential approach in the United States.
d. He believes that we can only escape anxiety by exercising our freedom.
e. He contends that freedom and responsibility are two sides of the same coin.
Q:
Which one of the following is not considered an experiential and relationship-oriented therapy?
a. Gestalt therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. existential approach
d. person-centered approach
Q:
A contribution of the psychoanalytic approach is:
a. the focus on the human-to-human encounter.
b. a comprehensive and detailed system of personality.
c. a reliance on the scientific method to assess therapeutic outcomes.
d. that it can be practiced by a wide range of professionals.
Q:
In narrative therapy, the role of the client is to create, explore, and co-author his or her evolving story.
Q:
Behavior therapy has been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Q:
Viktor Frankl's approach to existential therapy is known as:
a. individual psychology.
b. logotherapy.
c. reality therapy.
d. redecision therapy.
e. humanistic psychology.
Q:
Synthesizing the approaches covered in the text:
a. can easily be accomplished after taking an introductory course.
b. is usually mastered by the end of the first year of one's graduate program.
c. often requires many years of study, training, and practical counseling experience.
d. rarely, if ever, happens and is a completely unrealistic goal.
Q:
Feminist therapy does not stress:
a. an egalitarian therapeutic relationship.
b. confronting oppression.
c. dealing with transference feelings.
d. social justice.
e. listening to girls' and women's voices.
Q:
Social constructionists believe that knowledge is time- and culture-bound, and our ways of understanding are not necessarily better than other ways.
Q:
Multimodal therapy encourages its practitioners to fit their procedures to the needs of the client by borrowing techniques from many other approaches.
Q:
When is the counseling process at its best from an existential viewpoint?
a. When the client feels comfortable enough to engage in shame-attacking exercises outside of counseling sessions.
b. When the deepest self of the therapist meets the deepest part of the client.
c. When the therapist uses his or her influence to convince the client to let go of his or her anxiety.
d. When sessions begin with progressive muscle relaxation exercises.
Q:
The "empty chair" technique is most often used in which approach?
a. Gestalt therapy
b. REBT
c. Adlerian therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. behavior therapy
Q:
The solution-focused approach was originally designed as a brief model of psychotherapy.
Q:
Mindfulness involves judgment and careful evaluation of one's thoughts.
Q:
In existential therapy, the conception of the therapist is
a. an observer-technician.
b. a fully alive human companion for the client.
c. a teacher and coach.
d. an advocate for social change.
Q:
Which of the following approaches does not have an established application to family therapy?
a. Adlerian therapy
b. narrative therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. cognitive-behavioral therapy
e. none of the above
Q:
In solution-focused therapy, exceptions represent instances when a particular problem in a client's life was not prominent.
Q:
Albert Bandura is directly responsible for promoting the "third wave" of behavior therapy.
Q:
Existential therapy is:
a. a deterministic approach to therapy.
b. an expansion of the Adlerian school of therapy.
c. a phenomenological approach to therapy.
d. a structured approach to therapy.
Q:
Rational emotive behavior therapy does not contend that________.
a. people make themselves disturbed by the sentences they tell themselves.
b. traumatic events themselves cause problems such as depression and anxiety.
c. people must be willing to reindoctrinate themselves if they hope to change.
d. therapy is hard work and requires practice outside of the sessions.
e. therapy is a cognitive process.